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Your search keyword '"Leung, A. W."' showing total 3,271 results
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3,271 results on '"Leung, A. W."'

8. Towards an astronomical foundation model for stars with a Transformer-based model

Author

Leung, Henry W. and Bovy, Jo

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

Rapid strides are currently being made in the field of artificial intelligence using Transformer-based models like Large Language Models (LLMs). The potential of these methods for creating a single, large, versatile model in astronomy has not yet been explored. In this work, we propose a framework for data-driven astronomy that uses the same core techniques and architecture as used by LLMs. Using a variety of observations and labels of stars as an example, we build a Transformer-based model and train it in a self-supervised manner with cross-survey data sets to perform a variety of inference tasks. In particular, we demonstrate that a $\textit{single}$ model can perform both discriminative and generative tasks even if the model was not trained or fine-tuned to do any specific task. For example, on the discriminative task of deriving stellar parameters from Gaia XP spectra, we achieve an accuracy of 47 K in $T_\mathrm{eff}$, 0.11 dex in $\log{g}$, and 0.07 dex in $[\mathrm{M/H}]$, outperforming an expert $\texttt{XGBoost}$ model in the same setting. But the same model can also generate XP spectra from stellar parameters, inpaint unobserved spectral regions, extract empirical stellar loci, and even determine the interstellar extinction curve. Our framework demonstrates that building and training a $\textit{single}$ foundation model without fine-tuning using data and parameters from multiple surveys to predict unmeasured observations and parameters is well within reach. Such "Large Astronomy Models" trained on large quantities of observational data will play a large role in the analysis of current and future large surveys.

Published
2023
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10. Biliary fibrosis is an important but neglected pathological feature in hepatobiliary disorders: from molecular mechanisms to clinical implications

Author

Zhao Jinyu, Yue Ping, Mi Ningning, Li Matu, Fu Wenkang, Zhang Xianzhuo, Gao Long, Bai Mingzhen, Tian Liang, Jiang Ningzu, Lu Yawen, Ma Haidong, Dong Chunlu, Zhang Yong, Zhang Hengwei, Zhang Jinduo, Ren Yanxian, Suzuki Azumi, Wong Peng F., Tanaka Kiyohito, Rerknimitr Rungsun, Junger Henrik H., Cheung Tan T., Melloul Emmanuel, Demartines Nicolas, Leung Joseph W., Yao Jia, Yuan Jinqiu, Lin Yanyan, Schlitt Hans J., and Meng Wenbo

Subjects
biliary fibrosis, cholangiopathy, etiology, mechanism, therapeutic strategy, Medicine
Abstract

Fibrosis resulting from pathological repair secondary to recurrent or persistent tissue damage often leads to organ failure and mortality. Biliary fibrosis is a crucial but easily neglected pathological feature in hepatobiliary disorders, which may promote the development and progression of benign and malignant biliary diseases through pathological healing mechanisms secondary to biliary tract injuries. Elucidating the etiology and pathogenesis of biliary fibrosis is beneficial to the prevention and treatment of biliary diseases. In this review, we emphasized the importance of biliary fibrosis in cholangiopathies and summarized the clinical manifestations, epidemiology, and aberrant cellular composition involving the biliary ductules, cholangiocytes, immune system, fibroblasts, and the microbiome. We also focused on pivotal signaling pathways and offered insights into ongoing clinical trials and proposing a strategic approach for managing biliary fibrosis-related cholangiopathies. This review will offer a comprehensive perspective on biliary fibrosis and provide an important reference for future mechanism research and innovative therapy to prevent or reverse fibrosis.

Published
2024
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11. Risk-based lung cancer screening performance in a universal healthcare setting

Author

Tammemägi, Martin C., Darling, Gail E., Schmidt, Heidi, Walker, Meghan J., Langer, Deanna, Leung, Yvonne W., Nguyen, Kathy, Miller, Beth, Llovet, Diego, Evans, William K., Buchanan, Daniel N., Espino-Hernandez, Gabriela, Aslam, Usman, Sheppard, Amanda, Lofters, Aisha, McInnis, Micheal, Dobranowski, Julian, Habbous, Steven, Finley, Christian, Luettschwager, Marianne, Cameron, Erin, Bravo, Caroline, Banaszewska, Anna, Creighton-Taylor, Katherin, Fernandes, Brenda, Gao, Julia, Lee, Alex, Lee, Van, Pylypenko, Bogdan, Yu, Monica, Svara, Erin, Kaushal, Shivali, MacNiven, Lynda, McGarry, Caitlin, Della Mora, Lauren, Koen, Liz, Moffatt, Jessica, Rey, Michelle, Yurcan, Marta, Bourne, Laurie, Bromfield, Gillian, Coulson, Melissa, Truscott, Rebecca, and Rabeneck, Linda

Published
2024
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12. Stress CMR Perfusion Imaging in the Medicare-Eligible Population: Insights From the SPINS Study

Author

Ge, Yin, Antiochos, Panagiotis, Bernhard, Benedikt, Heydari, Bobak, Steel, Kevin, Bingham, Scott, Mikolich, J. Ronald, Arai, Andrew E., Bandettini, W. Patricia, Patel, Amit R., Shanbhag, Sujata M., Farzaneh-Far, Afshin, Heitner, John F., Shenoy, Chetan, Leung, Steve W., Gonzalez, Jorge A., Shah, Dipan J., Raman, Subha V., Ferrari, Victor A., Schulz-Menger, Jeanette, Stuber, Matthias, Simonetti, Orlando P., and Kwong, Raymond Y.

Published
2025
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17. COVID-19 vaccination and cerebral small vessel disease progression—A prospective cohort study

Author

Ip, Yiu Ming Bonaventure, Pang, Sangqi, Yao, Alan, Lau, Lucas, Miu, Anki, Chiu, Katarina, Ko, Ho, Kwok, Andrew, Chan, Helen Y, Lee, Sharon, Chan, Howard, Hung, Trista, Lam, Bonnie, Hui, Vincent, Li, Haipeng, Shi, Lin, Abrigo, Jill, Leng, Xinyi, Soo, Yannie, Ma, Sze Ho, Mok, Vincent CT, Markus, Hugh S, Mok, Chris, Hui, David SC, and Leung, Thomas W

Published
2025
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22. What is a Challenging Clot?: A DELPHI Consensus Statement from the CLOTS 7.0 Summit

Author

Ospel, Johanna M., Mirza, Mahmood, Clarençon, Frédéric, Siddiqui, Adnan, Doyle, Karen, Consoli, Arturo, Mokin, Maxim, Ullberg, Teresa, Zaidat, Osama, Bourcier, Romain, Kulcsar, Zsolt, Gounis, Matthew J., Liebeskind, David S., Fiehler, Jens, Narata, Ana Paula, Ribo, Marc, Jovin, Tudor, Sakai, Nobuyuki, Rai, Ansaar, McCarthy, Ray, Dorn, Franziska, Andersson, Tommy, Majoie, Charles B. L. M., Hanel, Ricardo, Jadhav, Ashutosh, Riedel, Christian, Chamorro, Angel, Brinjikji, Waleed, Costalat, Vincent, DeMeyer, Simon F., Nogueira, Raul G., Cognard, Christophe, Montaner, Joan, Leung, Thomas W., Molina, Carlos, van Beusekom, Heleen, Davalos, Antoni, Weisel, John, Chapot, Rene, Möhlenbruch, Markus, and Brouwer, Patrick

Published
2023
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31. Stroke

Author

Hilkens, Nina A, Casolla, Barbara, Leung, Thomas W, and de Leeuw, Frank-Erik

Published
2024
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33. Endovascular therapy in acute ischaemic stroke with large infarction with matched or mismatched clinical-radiological severities: a post-hoc analysis of the ANGEL-ASPECT trial

Author

Wang, Yongjun, Wang, Yilong, Liu, Liping, Liebeskind, David S., Miao, Zhongrong, Ren, Zeguang, Pereira, Vitor Mendes, Ji, Xunming, Dong, Qiang, Xu, Anding, Liu, Xinfeng, Yang, Qingwu, Jing (Chair), Jing, Zhang, Zhe, Zhang, Yingkui, Wu, Wei, Sun, Dapeng, Qi, Zhongqi, Li, Shuo, Liu, Zhenqiang, Yu, Zequan, Zhang, Jingyu, Chen, Fangguang, Li, Kangyue, Zhang, Kai, Hu, Mingkai, Liu (Chair), Jianmin, Yao, Chen, Chen, Kangning, Fang (Chair), Kun, Song, Bo, Dong, Yi, Huo, Xiaochuan, Ma, Gaoting, Yuan, Guangxiong, Han, Hongxing, Chen, Wenhuo, Wei, Ming, Zhang, Jiangang, Zhou, Zhiming, Yao, Xiaoxi, Wang, Guoqing, Song, Weigen, Cai, Xueli, Nan, Guangxian, Li, Di, Wang, Yizhou, Ling, Wentong, Cai, Chuwei, Wen, Changming, Wang, En, Zhang, Liyong, Jiang, Changchun, Liu, Yajie, Liao, Geng, Chen, Xiaohui, Li, Tianxiao, Liu, Shudong, Li, Jinglun, Sun, Yaxuan, Xu, Na, Gao, Zong’en, Ju, Dongsheng, Song, Cunfeng, Xuan, Jinggang, Zhou, Feng, Shi, Qing, Luo, Jun, Liu, Yan, Guo, Zaiyu, Li, Tong, Zheng, Hongbo, Dai, Linzhi, Zhao, Junfeng, Gui, Liqiang, Geng, Xiaokun, Tang, Yufeng, Yin, Congguo, Yang, Hua, An, Ruiyang, Sun, Yuying, Wu, Yanan, Yu, Chunlai, Zheng, Shuangcheng, Pan, Yuesong, Jin, Aoming, Xiang, Xianglong, Wang, Mengxing, Yan, Hongyi, He, Yuanling, Li, Chunyang, Kong, Weixia, Chen, Yuhuan, Guo, Chenhao, Ji, Fengjie, Ji, Pengshan, Liu, Lei, Lu, Xinghua, Luo, Guangkuo, Wang, Nanjing, Zhang, Yu, Liu, Bo, Yang, Jian, Deng, Jingjing, Wang, Juan, Wang, Wanru, Yu, Hang, Cui, Le, Liu, Wenwen, Wang, Ziyong, Zhao, Xia, Zhou, Zhou, Yi-Chou Wang, Alvin, Zheng, Lina, Nie, Ximing, Liu, Xin, Duan, Wanying, Liu, Jingyi, Wei, Yufei, Wen, Miao, Yang, Zhonghua, Leung, Thomas W., Nguyen, Thanh N., and Leng, Xinyi

Published
2024
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40. Development and validation of time-to-event models to predict metastatic recurrence of localized cutaneous melanoma

Author

Wan, Guihong, Leung, Bonnie W., DeSimone, Mia S., Nguyen, Nga, Rajeh, Ahmad, Collier, Michael R., Rashdan, Hannah, Roster, Katie, Zhou, Xu, Moseley, Cameron B., Nirmal, Ajit J., Pelletier, Roxanne J., Maliga, Zoltan, Marko-Varga, Gyorgy, Németh, István Balázs, Tsao, Hensin, Asgari, Maryam M., Gusev, Alexander, Stagner, Anna M., Lian, Christine G., Hurlbert, Marc S., Liu, Feng, Yu, Kun-Hsing, Sorger, Peter K., and Semenov, Yevgeniy R.

Published
2024
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42. Comparing Very Low-Carbohydrate vs DASH Diets for Overweight or Obese Adults With Hypertension and Prediabetes or Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Trial

Author

Saslow, Laura R., Jones, Lenette M., Sen, Ananda, Wolfson, Julia A., Diez, Heidi L., O'Brien, Alison, Leung, Cindy W., Bayandorian, Hovig, Daubenmier, Jennifer, Missel, Amanda L., and Richardson, Caroline

Subjects
Low-carbohydrate diet -- Comparative analysis -- Health aspects -- Usage, Comorbidity -- Diet therapy, DASH diet -- Comparative analysis -- Health aspects -- Usage, Prediabetic state -- Diet therapy, Type 2 diabetes -- Diet therapy, Hypertension -- Diet therapy, Health, Science and technology
Abstract

PURPOSE Adults with a triple multimorbidity (hypertension, prediabetes or type 2 diabetes, and overweight or obesity), are at increased risk of serious health complications, but experts disagree on which dietary patterns and support strategies should be recommended. METHODS We randomized 94 adults from southeast Michigan with this triple multimorbidity using a 2 * 2 diet-by-support factorial design, comparing a very low-carbohydrate (VLC) diet vs a Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet, as well as comparing results with and without multicomponent extra support (mindful eating, positive emotion regulation, social support, and cooking). RESULTS Using intention-to-treat analyses, compared with the DASH diet, the VLC diet led to greater improvement in estimated mean systolic blood pressure (-9.77 mm Hg vs -5.18 mm Hg; P = .046), greater improvement in glycated hemoglobin (-0.35% vs -0.14%; P = .034), and greater improvement in weight (-19.14 lb vs -10.34 lb; P = .0003). The addition of extra support did not have a statistically significant effect on outcomes. CONCLUSIONS For adults with hypertension, prediabetes or type 2 diabetes, and overweight or obesity, the VLC diet resulted in greater improvements in systolic blood pressure, glycemic control, and weight over a 4-month period compared with the DASH diet. These findings suggest that larger trials with longer follow-up are warranted to determine whether the VLC diet might be more beneficial for disease management than the DASH diet for these high-risk adults. Key words: type 2 diabetes; hypertension; obesity; diet; very low-carbohydrate diet; DASH diet https://doi.org/10.1370/afm.2968, INTRODUCTION Adults with hypertension, prediabetes or type 2 diabetes, and overweight or obesity are at increased risk of health complications, including stroke, end-stage renal disease, myocardial infarction, premature death, and [...]

Published
2023
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