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11. Artemisinin and Its Derivatives as Potential Anticancer Agents.

Author

Wen, Luan, Chan, Ben Chung-Lap, Qiu, Ming-Hua, Leung, Ping-Chung, and Wong, Chun-Kwok

Subjects
ARTEMISININ derivatives, ARTEMISIA annua, ANTINEOPLASTIC agents, HERBAL medicine, ARTEMISININ
Abstract

Artemisinin is a natural sesquiterpene lactone obtained from the traditional Chinese medicinal herb Artemisia annua L. (qinghao). Artemisinin and its derivatives share an unusual endoperoxide bridge and are extensively used for malaria treatment worldwide. In addition to antimalarial activities, artemisinin and its derivatives have been reported to exhibit promising anticancer effects in recent decades. In this review, we focused on the research progress of artemisinin and its derivatives with potential anticancer activities. The pharmacological effects, potential mechanisms, and clinical trials in cancer therapy of artemisinin and its derivatives were discussed. This review may facilitate the future exploration of artemisinin and its derivatives as effective anticancer agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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12. Integrating 16S rRNA Sequencing, Microflora Metabolism, and Network Pharmacology to Investigate the Mechanism of SBL in Alleviating HDM-Induced Allergic Rhinitis.

Author

Li, Peiting, Hon, Sharon Sze-Man, Tsang, Miranda Sin-Man, Kan, Lea Ling-Yu, Lai, Andrea Yin-Tung, Chan, Ben Chung-Lap, Leung, Ping-Chung, and Wong, Chun-Kwok

Subjects
ALLERGIC rhinitis, NITRIC-oxide synthases, ALLERGIES, HERBAL medicine, TIGHT junctions
Abstract

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a series of allergic reactions to allergens in the nasal mucosa and is one of the most common allergic diseases that affect both children and adults. Shi-Bi-Lin (SBL) is the modified formula of Cang Er Zi San (CEZS), a traditional Chinese herbal formula used for treating AR. Our study aims to elucidate the anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms of SBL in house dust mite-induced AR by regulating gut microflora metabolism. In vivo studies showed that nasal allergies and the infiltration of inflammatory cells in the nasal epithelium were significantly suppressed by SBL. Moreover, SBL restored the impaired nasal epithelial barrier function with an increased tight junction protein expression and reduced the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Interestingly, SBL significantly reconstituted the abundance and composition of gut microbiota in AR mice; it increased the relative abundance of potentially beneficial genera and decreased the relative abundance of harmful genera. SBL also restored immune-related metabolisms, which were significantly increased and correlated with suppressing inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, a network analysis and molecular docking indicated IL-6 was a possible target drug candidate for the SBL treatment. SBL dramatically reduced the IL-6 level in the nasal lavage fluid (NALF), suppressing the IL-6 downstream Erk1/2 and AKT/PI3K signaling pathways. In conclusion, our study integrates 16S rRNA sequencing, microflora metabolism, and network pharmacology to explain the immune mechanism of SBL in alleviating HDM-induced allergic rhinitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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16. Odanacatib for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis: results of the LOFT multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial and LOFT Extension study

Author

Mautalén, Carlos Alfredo, Man, Zulema, Zanchetta, Jose Ruben, Magaril, Clelia Haydee, Sambrook, Philip, Reginster, Jean-Yves, Geusens, Piet, Goemaere, Stefan, Albergaria, Ben Hur, Zerbini, Cristiano Augusto de Freitas, Castro, Marise Lazaretti, Gregorio, Luiz Henrique, Stoilov, Rumen, Borissova, Anna-Maria I, Hristozov, Kiril Hristov, Temelkova, Nataliya L, Daskalova, Ivona Kirilova, Kuzmanova, Stefka Ivanova, Yaneva-Bichovska, Daniela, Batalov, Anastas Zgurov, Riedemann, Pablo, Rodriguez Portales, José Adolfo, Tang, Hai, Zhu, hanmin, Zhang, Zhenlin, Chao, Aijun, Hu, Yali, Liu, Zhiming, Lu, Juming, Qiu, Mingcai, Gao, Xin, Zhang, Shaofen, Xu, Ling, Xia, Weibo, Liao, Eryuan, Yang, Wenying, Wu, Wen, Dai, Kerong, Hu, Renming, Jaller, Juan Jose, Cabal, Francisco, Molina, José Fernando, Cure Cure, Carlos A, Yupanqui-Lozno, Hernan, Chalem, Philippe, Londono, John, Abello, Mauricio, Tobias, Edgardo D, Otero, William, Nikolic, Tatjana, Miskic, Blazenka, Stepan, Jan, Vyskocil, Vaclav, Novosad, Libor, Slesinger, Jan, Novosad, Pavel, Vlckova, Erika, Bortlik, Ladislav, Dokoupilova, Eva, Hala, Tomas, Jensen, Jens-Erik Beck, Brixen, Kim Torsten, Langdahl, Bente Lomholt, Schwarz, Peter, Eskildsen, Peter Claes, Eiken, Pia Agnete, Hermann, Anne Pernille, Gram, Jeppe, Schou, Maiken Brix, Alexandersen, Peter, Nedergaard, Bettina, Mejía, Dolores Magdalena, Estrella De Henriquez, Lourdes, Páez, Norka, Velazco, Casimiro, Valter, Ivo, Vahula, Kadri-Liina, Kull, Ingrid, Maasalu, Katre, Chapurlat, Roland, Fardellone, Patrice, Benhamou, Claude Laurent, Roux, Christian, Weryha, Georges, Herkt, Volkmar, Martz, Rene, Nischik, Ruth, Spieler, Wolfgang, Contzen, Christel, Felsenberg, Dieter, Frieling, Isolde, Frahm, Eike, Briones, Henry, Sandoval, Boris, Barrios, Patricia, García, Abraham, Avendaño, Carlos, González, Magdalena, Guerra, Jeremías, Tuna, Maria, Díaz, Olga Marina, Samayoa, Eduardo, López, Edgar, Barrera, José Raúl, Palencia, Mainor, Cifuentes, Mayra, Alvarado, Georgina, López, Miriam, Chavez, Nilmo, Haase, Franklin, Rivera, Ruddy, González, Claudio, Tan, Kathryn, Leung, Ping Chung, Mandalam, Sheshadri, Pitale, Shailesh Umakant, Bantwal, Ganapathi, Ammini, Ariachery Chinamma, Shaikh, Shehla Sajid Akhta, Kanakatte Mylariah, Prasanna Kumar, Dharmalingam, Mala, Mukhopadhyay, Satinath, Jain, Arpit, Singh, Parminder, Shetty, Naresh, Sathyanarayana, Srikanta Shamanna, Shah, Nalini, Chadha, Manoj Dharam, Bhandankar, Rajendra, Velayutham, Kumaravel, Marwah, Sudha, John, Mathew, Sahay, Rakesh Kumar, Adami, Silvano, Nuti, Ranuccio, Bianchi, Gerolamo, Brandi, Maria Luisa, Minisola, Salvatore, Fiore, Carmelo Erio, Rubinacci, Alessandro, Miyajima, Hisayuki, Yamane, Hiroo, Nakatani, Yuji, Okamoto, Sumiaki, Kuroda, Koji, Fujimori, Motoaki, Itabashi, Akira, Katayama, Kuniaki, Nakajo, Satoru, Somekawa, Yoshiaki, Ohsawa, Yoshimitsu, Tajima, Wataru, Mizuno, Katsunori, Mori, Shigeru, Kanabuchi, Takato, Hashizume, Hiroyuki, Oka, Nobuyuki, Hamada, Kazutoshi, Yamaguchi, Motoi, Hirahara, Fumiki, Atobe, Masaaki, Ohtake, Yoshiharu, Ichikawa, Shuichi, Onishi, Tomoyuki, Matsumoto, Kou, Nakamura, Tetsuro, Shirasawa, Eishi, Katayama, Ko, Takahashi, Mitsugu, Oguma, Tadanori, Matsui, Hideo, Katoh, Yoshiharu, Shigenobu, Keiichi, Onishi, Tsutomu, Shibukawa, Masato, Ikeda, Satoshi, Osaka, Kazuhiro, Kanda, Ryosuke, Inobe, Yoshito, Shigenobu, Masaharu, Hasegawa, Morimasa, Yamaji, Tetsuo, Miyazaki, Yu, Ito, Takayasu, Nakamura, Eisuke, Nagai, Shinji, Lim, Sung-Kil, Chung, Yoon-Sok, Shin, Chan-Soo, Min, Yong-Ki, Kim, Ghi Su, Yoon, Hyun Koo, Kang, Moo-Il, Yang, Kyu-Hyun, Park, Hyoung Moo, Kim, In Joo, Chung, Dong Jin, Chung, Ho Yeon, Jaundzeikare, Sandra, Andersone, Dace, Medne, Agita, Yaghi, Yasser, Alekna, Vidmantas, Kasiulevicius, Vytautas, Purtokaite - Labutiniene, Irina, Krasauskiene, Aurelija, Varanaviciene, Jurate, Basijokiene, Vida, Abraitiene, Agne, Radzeviciene, Lina, Walliser, Jesus, García Hernández, Pedro Alberto, Araujo, Maria Frida, Avila Armengol, Hilario Ernesto, De la Peña, Pilar, Tamayo, Juan, Zazueta, Beatriz, Cons, Fidencio, Gilchrist, Nigel Leslie, Reid, Ian Reginald, Leikis, Robert, Jones, Peter, Singh, Joe Gragrath Pradeep, Halse, Johan Inge, Syversen, Unni, Høivik, Hans Olav, Øfjord, Erik Snorre, Gulseth, Hans Christian, Elle, Sigbjørn, Norheim, Paal Dag, Calvo Quiroz, Armando A., Cesar Augusto, Pastor A., León Portocarrero, Manuel Gustavo, Vidal Neira, Luis Fernando, Chavez, Jose, Garro Barrera, Boris, Kuroiwa Sampei, Rita, Luis Fernando, Bellatín V., Oquelis Cabredo, Rogger, Castillo, Sonia, Morales, Agustin Miguel G, Tan, Perry Pua, Leagogo, Liberato Antonio C, Jr., Wang, Edward HM, Li-Yu, Julie T, Sawicki, Andrzej Z, Stasiuk, Barbara, Kania, Grzegorz, Lorenc, Roman, Sidorowicz-Bialynicka, Anna, Szczepanski, Leszek, Franek, Edward, Filip, Rafal, Sekula, Jan, Blicharski, Tomasz, Leszczynski, Piotr, Sewerynek, Ewa, Miazgowski, Tomasz, Milewicz, Andrzej, Dabrowska, Magda, Romaszko, Jerzy, Pluskiewicz, Wojciech, Wojnowski, Lukasz, Codreanu, Catalin, Bolosiu, Horatiu, Ionescu, Ruxandra, Zosin, Ioana, Macovei, Liviu, Bojinca, Mihai, Radulescu, Florin, Pop, Simona, Sarbu, Adrian, Benevolenskaya, Lidia I, Nasonov, Evgeny L, Rozhinskaya, Lyudmila Ya, Oganov, Raphael G, Rodionova, Svetlana S, Shlyakhto, Eugeny Vladimirovich, Trofimov, Vasiliy, Zotkin, Eugeny G, Zazerskaya, Irina E, Grineva, Elena N, Ershova, Olga, Lesnyak, Olga, Ostroumova, Olga D, Malichenko, Svetlana B, Pikhlak, Eduard G, Pilyaev, Valery G, Raskina, Tatiana, Zonova, Elena V, Shirinsky, Valery S, Dimic, Aleksandar N, Cobeljic, Goran, Vujovic, Svetlana, Ellis, Graham Charlston, Lipschitz, Stanley, De Villiers, Tobias Johannes, De Weerd, Albert Jan, Vally, Tasneem, Trinder, Yvonne, Coetsee, Jacobus Ludewikus, Davis, Charles Pierre, Nayiager, Savithree, Hough, Frans Stephanus, Oelofse, Louis F, van der Walt, Eugene, Lombaard, Johannes Jurgens, Blignaut, Suzanne, Govind, Uttam, Fouche, Leon Frederik, Kruger, Dawid Stephanus, Dalmeyer, Johannes Paul, Ferreira, Mada M, Escudero-Contreras, Alejandro, Muñoz Torres, Manuel, Hawkins Carranza, Federico, Perez Castrillon, Jose Luis, García Meijide, Juan Antonio, Jodar Gimeno, Esteban, Palacios Gil-Antuñana, Santiago, de Teresa Parreno, Luis, Martín Mola, Emilio, Alvarez Sanchez, Carmen, Lippuner, Kurt, Tsai, Keh-Sung, Tu, Shih-Te, Chen, Jung-Fu, Lee, Oscar Kuang-Sheng, Hsu, Wen-Wei, Grygorieva, Natalia Viktorivna, Povoroznyuk, Vladyslav Volodymyrovych, Korzh, Mykola Oleksiiovych, Loskutov, Oleksandr Levgeniiovych, Chukov, Andriy Borysovych, Sarmiento, Rex, Thomas, Hawys, Donnachie, Hugh, Pavel-Knox, Irina, Shaw, Hilary, Hassanin, Hana, Abdulhakim, Essam Eldin Ahmed, Savani, Naren, Bachmann, Gloria A, Barrett-Connor, Elizabeth, Binkley, Neil C, Bone, Henry G, Brandon, Donald M, Checketts, Darin David, Fraser, Neil J, Watts, Nelson B, Geller, Steven A, Gimbel, Joseph S, Greenwald, Maria White, Holt, Peter A, Johnston, Cyrus Conrad, Fang, Chien, Kiel, Douglas P, Klashman, David J, Lewiecki, E. Michael, Lowenstein, Mitchell B, McClung, Michael Roy, Nattrass, Susan M, Odio, Alberto, Levengood, Julie, Romaguera, Josefina, Saag, Kenneth G, Sebai, Mohamed Bassam, Snyder, Brian, Kutner, Mark Eliot, Streja, Dan, Schwartz, Elliott P, Christiansen, Mark G, McClung, Michael R, O'Donoghue, Michelle L, Papapoulos, Socrates E, Bone, Henry, Langdahl, Bente, Reid, Ian R, Cavallari, Ilaria, Bonaca, Marc P, Wiviott, Stephen D, de Villiers, Tobias, Ling, Xu, Nakamura, Toshitaka, Rodriguez-Portales, Jose Adolfo, Zanchetta, José, Zerbini, Cristiano A F, Park, Jeong-Gun, Im, KyungAh, Cange, Abby, Grip, Laura T, Heyden, Norman, DaSilva, Carolyn, Cohn, Dosinda, Massaad, Rachid, Scott, Boyd B, Verbruggen, Nadia, Gurner, Deborah, Miller, Deborah L, Blair, Micki L, Polis, Adam B, Stoch, S Aubrey, Santora, Arthur, Lombardi, Antonio, Leung, Albert T, Kaufman, Keith D, and Sabatine, Marc S

Published
2019
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18. Cycasin derivative: a potential embryotoxic component of Atractylodes macrocephala rhizome for limb malformation.

Author

Xie, Hongliang, Zhang, Aolin, Li, Junwei, Mou, Xuan, He, Tao, Yeung, Tsz Ching, Lau, Clara Bik San, Zuo, Zhong, Li, Ping, Kennelly, Edward J, Leung, Ping Chung, Tang, Yu, Fan, Xiaohui, Wang, Chi Chiu, and Li, Lu

Subjects
MATRIX-assisted laser desorption-ionization, TIME-of-flight mass spectrometry, TANDEM mass spectrometry, HERBAL medicine, THIN layer chromatography, CLINICAL medicine
Abstract

Objective The rhizome of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. (Asteraceae), called Atractylodes macrocephala rhizome (AMR) and known by its traditional name Bai Zhu, is a prominent Chinese herbal medicine employed for preventing miscarriage. However, our previous study revealed that high dosages of AMR administered during pregnancy could cause embryotoxicity but the specific embryotoxic components and their underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to screen and identify the potential embryotoxic components of AMR. Methods The AMR extracts and sub-fractions were analyzed by thin layer chromatography and subsequently screened by in vitro mouse limb bud micromass and mouse whole embryo culture bioassays. The embryotoxic fractions from AMR were further evaluated in vivo using a pregnant mouse model. The structures of the potential embryotoxic components were analyzed using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS). Results In vitro and in vivo bioassays revealed that AMR glycoside-enriched sub-fractions (AMR-A-IIa and AMR-A-IIb) exhibited potential embryotoxicity. These sub-fractions, when administered to pregnant animals, increased the incidence of stillbirth and congenital limb malformations. MS spectrometry analysis identified cycasin derivatives in both sub-fractions, suggesting their possible role in the observed limb malformations. However, further experiments are necessary to validate this hypothesis and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Conclusions Our study provides significant scientific evidence on the pharmacotoxicity of AMR, which is important for the safe clinical application of commonly used Chinese herbal medicines during pregnancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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20. Adjuvant activities of immunostimulating natural products: Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. and Coriolus versicolor in BNT162b2 vaccination against COVID-19 infection.

Author

Chan, Ben Chung-Lap, Li, Peiting, Tsang, Miranda Sin-Man, Sung, Johnny Chun-Chau, Kwong, Keith Wai-Yeung, Zheng, Tao, Hon, Sharon Sze-Man, Lau, Ching-Po, Ho, Ronald Chi-Yan, Chen, Fang, Lau, Clara Bik-San, Leung, Ping-Chung, and Wong, Chun-Kwok

Subjects
COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, TRAMETES versicolor, ASTRAGALUS membranaceus, COVID-19 vaccines
Abstract

The global pandemic of COVID-19, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been developing all over the world for more than 3 years. In late 2020, several variants of concern of SARS-CoV-2 virus emerged, with increased viral fitness and transmissibility by mutations of the spike proteins of the viral particle, denting hopes of the use of early-generation vaccines for a widespread protective immunity against viral infection. The use of adjuvants may enhance the immune responses of the conventional application of the COVID-19 vaccine. We have shown that the water extract of 2 β-glucan–enriched immunostimulating natural products, Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. (AM) and Coriolus versicolor (CV), could induce innate immunity-related cytokines from human monocytes (CCL5, interleukin [IL]-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor α) and monocyte-derived dendritic cells (IL-1β, IL-10, IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor α). Using BALB/c mice, orally administrated AM and CV (1,384 and 742 mg/kg/d) for 4 d after vaccination, respectively, could enhance (1) the immunoglobulin G binding activities of BNT162b2 vaccination against ancestral and Delta SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins by 5.8- and 4.3-fold, respectively; (2) the immunoglobulin G3 subclass production of BNT162b2 vaccination against ancestral and variant SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins; and (3) the in vitro antibody-neutralizing activities of BNT162b2 vaccinated mice. In conclusion, combining AM and CV was effective in acting as an oral adjuvant with the messenger RNA vaccine BNT162b2 to improve the antigen binding activities against SARS-CoV-2 ancestral and variant SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins, probably via trained immunity of macrophages and dendritic cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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33. Rat Plantar Fascia Stem/Progenitor Cells Showed Lower Expression of Ligament Markers and Higher Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines after Intensive Mechanical Loading or Interleukin-1β Treatment In Vitro.

Author

Siu, Wing Sum, Ma, Hui, Ko, Chun Hay, Shiu, Hoi Ting, Cheng, Wen, Lee, Yuk Wa, Kot, Cheuk Hin, Leung, Ping Chung, and Lui, Pauline Po Yee

Subjects
PROGENITOR cells, INTERLEUKIN-1 receptors, GENE expression, MESENCHYMAL stem cells, LIGAMENTS, PLANTAR fasciitis
Abstract

The pathogenesis of plantar fasciitis is unclear, which hampers the development of an effective treatment. The altered fate of plantar fascia stem/progenitor cells (PFSCs) under overuse-induced inflammation might contribute to the pathogenesis. This study aimed to isolate rat PFSCs and compared their stem cell-related properties with bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). The effects of inflammation and intensive mechanical loading on PFSCs' functions were also examined. We showed that plantar fascia-derived cells (PFCs) expressed common MSC surface markers and embryonic stemness markers. They expressed lower Nanog but higher Oct4 and Sox2, proliferated faster and formed more colonies compared to BMSCs. Although PFCs showed higher chondrogenic differentiation potential, they showed low osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation potential upon induction compared to BMSCs. The expression of ligament markers was higher in PFCs than in BMSCs. The isolated PFCs were hence PFSCs. Both IL-1β and intensive mechanical loading suppressed the mRNA expression of ligament markers but increased the expression of inflammatory cytokines and matrix-degrading enzymes in PFSCs. In summary, rat PFSCs were successfully isolated. They had poor multi-lineage differentiation potential compared to BMSCs. Inflammation after overuse altered the fate and inflammatory status of PFSCs, which might lead to poor ligament differentiation of PFSCs and extracellular matrix degeneration. Rat PFSCs can be used as an in vitro model for studying the effects of intensive mechanical loading-induced inflammation on matrix degeneration and erroneous stem/progenitor cell differentiation in plantar fasciitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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34. Natural-Product-Derived Adjunctive Treatments to Conventional Therapy and Their Immunoregulatory Activities in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

Author

Kan, Lea Ling-Yu, Chan, Ben Chung-Lap, Leung, Ping-Chung, and Wong, Chun-Kwok

Subjects
TRIPLE-negative breast cancer, BIOACTIVE compounds, DRUG delivery systems, NATURAL products, SYMPTOMS, TUMOR microenvironment
Abstract

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an invasive and persistent subtype of breast cancer that is likely to be resistant to conventional treatments. The rise in immunotherapy has created new modalities to treat cancer, but due to high costs and unreliable efficacy, adjunctive and complementary treatments have sparked interest in enhancing the efficacy of currently available treatments. Natural products, which are bioactive compounds derived from natural sources, have historically been used to treat or ameliorate inflammatory diseases and symptoms. As TNBC patients have shown little to no response to immunotherapy, the potential of natural products as candidates for adjuvant immunotherapy is being explored, as well as their immunomodulatory effects on cancer. Due to the complexity of TNBC and the ever-changing tumor microenvironment, there are challenges in determining the feasibility of using natural products to enhance the efficacy or counteract the toxicity of conventional treatments. In view of technological advances in molecular docking, pharmaceutical networking, and new drug delivery systems, natural products show promise as potential candidates in adjunctive therapy. In this article, we summarize the mechanisms of action of selected natural-product-based bioactive compounds and analyze their roles and applications in combination treatments and immune regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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35. Traditional Chinese Medicine for Topical Treatment of Skeletal Muscle Injury.

Author

Siu, Wing-Sum, Ma, Hui, Cheng, Wen, Shum, Wai-Ting, and Leung, Ping-Chung

Subjects
SKELETAL muscle injuries, CHINESE medicine, MUSCLE injuries, MUSCLE regeneration, GENE expression
Abstract

Muscle injuries are common musculoskeletal problems, but the pharmaceutical agent for muscle repair and healing is insufficient. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) frequently uses topical treatments to treat muscle injuries, although scientific evidence supporting their efficacy is scarce. In this study, an in vitro assay was used to test the cytotoxicity of a topical TCM formula containing Carthami Flos, Dipsaci Radix, and Rhei Rhizoma (CDR). Then, a muscle contusion rat model was developed to investigate the in vivo effect and basic mechanisms underlying CDR on muscle regeneration. The in vitro assay illustrated that CDR was non-cytotoxic to immortalized rat myoblast culture and increased cell viability. Histological results demonstrated that the CDR treatment facilitated muscle repair by increasing the number of new muscle fibers and promoting muscle integrity. The CDR treatment also upregulated the expression of Pax7, MyoD and myogenin, as evidenced by an immunohistochemical study. A gene expression analysis indicated that the CDR treatment accelerated the regeneration and remodeling phases during muscle repair. This study demonstrated that topical CDR treatment was effective at facilitating muscle injury repair. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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36. Creating a Vaccine-like Supplement against Respiratory Infection Using Recombinant Bacillus subtilis Spores Expressing SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein with Natural Products.

Author

Chan, Ben Chung-Lap, Li, Peiting, Tsang, Miranda Sin-Man, Sung, Johnny Chun-Chau, Kwong, Keith Wai-Yeung, Zheng, Tao, Hon, Sharon Sze-Man, Lau, Ching-Po, Cheng, Wen, Chen, Fang, Lau, Clara Bik-San, Leung, Ping-Chung, and Wong, Chun-Kwok

Subjects
BACILLUS subtilis, NATURAL products, RESPIRATORY infections, ORAL drug administration, TRAMETES versicolor, BLOOD coagulation factor VIII
Abstract

Vaccination is the most effective method of combating COVID-19 infection, but people with a psychological fear of needles and side effects are hesitant to receive the current vaccination, and alternative delivery methods may help. Bacillus subtilis, a harmless intestinal commensal, has recently earned a strong reputation as a vaccine production host and delivery vector, with advantages such as low cost, safety for human consumption, and straightforward oral administration. In this study, we have succeeded generating "S spores" by engineering B. subtilis with spore coat proteins resembling the spike (S) protein of the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. With the addition of two immunostimulating natural products as adjuvants, namely Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge (AM) and Coriolus versicolor (CV), oral administration of S spores could elicit mild immune responses against COVID-19 infection without toxicity. Mucosal IgA against the S protein was enhanced by co-feeding with AM and CV in an S spores-inoculated mouse model. Faster and stronger IgG responses against the S protein were observed when the mice were fed with S spores prior to vaccination with the commercial COVID-19 vaccine CoronaVac. In vitro studies demonstrated that AM, CV, and B. subtilis spores could dose-dependently activate both macrophages and dendritic cells by secreting innate immunity-related IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, and some other proinflammatory chemokines and cytokines. In conclusion, the combination of S spores with AM and CV may be helpful in developing a vaccine-like supplement against respiratory infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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37. Effects of Gegen (Puerariae lobatae Radix) water extract on improving detrusor overactivity in spontaneously hypertensive rats

Author

Zhou, Xuelin, Lam, Wai Ping, Tang, Hong Chai, Koon, Chi-Man, Cheng, Ling, Lau, Clara Bik-San, Liang, Willmann, and Leung, Ping-Chung

Subjects
Kudzu -- Physiological aspects -- Properties -- Research, Hypertension -- Care and treatment -- Research, Biological sciences, Health, Science and technology
Abstract

ABSTRACT Aim: Ex vivo experiments showed that the water extract of Puerariae lobatae Radix (named Gegen in Chinese) induced detrusor relaxation. The aim of this study was to prove the [...]

Published
2016
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44. The Potential of MSC-Based Cell-Free Therapy in Wound Healing—A Thorough Literature Review.

Author

Ma, Hui, Siu, Wing-Sum, and Leung, Ping-Chung

Subjects
WOUND healing, LITERATURE reviews, LINCRNA, MESENCHYMAL stem cells, BODY temperature, SKIN injuries
Abstract

A wound is an interruption of the normal anatomic structure and function of the skin, which is critical in protecting against foreign pathogens, regulating body temperature and water balance. Wound healing is a complex process involving various phases, including coagulation, inflammation, angiogenesis, re-epithelialization, and re-modeling. Factors such as infection, ischemia, and chronic diseases such as diabetes can compromise wound healing, leading to chronic and refractory ulcers. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been used to treat various wound models due to their paracrine activity (secretome) and extracellular vehicles (exosomes) that contain several molecules, including long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), micro-RNAs (miRNAs), proteins, and lipids. Studies have shown that MSCs-based cell-free therapy using secretome and exosomes has great potential in regenerative medicine compared to MSCs, as there are fewer safety concerns. This review provides an overview of the pathophysiology of cutaneous wounds and the potential of MSCs-based cell-free therapy in each phase of wound healing. It also discusses clinical studies of MSCs-based cell-free therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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