Search

Background: Emerging evidence suggests that systemic inflammatory and nutritional biomarkers, along with derived indices, could serve as predictors for sarcopenia in cancer population. This study aimed to compare these predictors, focusing on the nutritional risk index (NRI) and evaluate its diagnostic value, for sarcopenic patients without cancer. Methods: This cross-sectional retrospective study included 1674 participants. Sarcopenia is defined by skeletal muscle mass index (SMI). Laboratory data reflected the values of systemic inflammatory and nutritional biomarkers, from which the derived indices were calculated. Multiple logistic regression analysis, ROC curve analysis, and the Youden index were utilized to assess the association between these markers and sarcopenia and determine the cutoff value for predicting sarcopenia. Results: Among all participants (1110 men and 564 women, mean age 61.97 ± 9.83 years), 398 individuals were diagnosed with sarcopenia, indicating a prevalence of 23.78% in China's middle-aged and elderly population without cancer. Logistic regression analysis revealed significant associations between all biomarkers and derived indices with sarcopenia. Following adjustment for potential confounders, lower NRI values were significantly associated with a higher incidence of sarcopenia. For sarcopenia diagnosis, the area under the curve (AUC) for NRI was 0.769 ([95% CI, 0.742, 0.796], P < 0.001), with a cutoff value of 106.016, sensitivity of 75.6% and specificity of 66.1%. NRI demonstrated greater predictive advantage for sarcopenia incidence in men compared to women. Conclusion: A lower NRI value was associated with a higher prevalence of sarcopenia. NRI shows promise for early, rapid, and effective sarcopenia screening, particularly in China's middle-aged and elderly male population without cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In response to the EU's stringent zero-carbon emission standards for 2035 and global initiatives to phase out fossil-fuel-powered vehicles, there is an urgent need for innovative solutions in vehicle propulsion systems. While much of the current research focuses on electric passenger cars, commercial vehicles remain relatively underexplored despite their significant potential impact on carbon neutrality goals. This study presents an open-source Simulink model specifically tailored for the analysis of electric commercial trucks, concentrating on the 6.5-ton category. Developed to assess the influence of various power components and control strategies on driving range, the model incorporates three validated powertrain configurations and features such as regenerative braking and one-pedal drive. Simulations are conducted under two real-world driving scenarios in the city of Taipei in Taiwan to evaluate different configurations' effects on energy consumption and efficiency. Results indicate that optimizing the vehicle configuration can reduce power consumption by 26.3% and extend driving range by an additional 25.1 km on a single battery charge. By making the model and its source code publicly available, this research not only fills a critical gap in specialized evaluation tools for electric commercial vehicles but also serves as a valuable resource for both industrial assessments and educational purposes in the field of vehicle electrification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pure rotational transitions of the ClSO radical have been observed by Fourier-transform microwave spectroscopy. a-type and b-type transitions, for both 35Cl and 37Cl isotopologues, were detected, and the observed very complicated fine and hyperfine components were assigned well. The intensities of the observed spectra of the two isotopologues correspond to the ratio of the isotope abundances of 35Cl and 37Cl. A total of 21 molecular constants were determined precisely for both 35ClSO and 37ClSO, including the rotational constants, centrifugal distortion constants, electronic spin-rotation constants, nuclear spin-rotation constants, magnetic hyperfine constants, and quadrupole coupling constants of chlorine. The molecular constants show ClSO to have the 2A′′ electronic ground state with an out-of-plane unpaired electron. The spin density of the chlorine atom is about 10.6%, which is similar to that of the fluorine atom for FSO, about 8%. Results of the ClSO radical are compared with those of other triatomic radicals with similar structures, the XSS, XSO, and XOO radicals with X = H, F, and Cl, leading to a conclusion that the ClSO radical is more like FSO, but fairly different from the FOO and ClOO radicals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pure rotational transitions of two conformers of the CH2CHCO radical have been observed by Fourier-transform microwave spectroscopy, where one conformer is called the s-trans-3-propenalyl radical and the other the 3-propenolyl radical. The observed two conformers have different electronic states. The former, the s-trans-3-propenalyl radical, has the 2A′ electronic state and can be written as CH2CHĊO, where the unpaired electron resides mainly on the terminal CO carbon. On the other hand, the latter, 3-propenolyl radical has the 2A′′ electronic state and can be written as ĊH2CHCO. We were able to observe pure rotational transitions of the two conformers. Since both of the species have an unpaired electron, there exist spin–rotation interactions due to the unpaired electron and the magnetic hyperfine interactions due to the three coupling protons. The observed very complicated spectra, caused by these interactions, were assigned, leading to detailed molecular constants including the fine and hyperfine coupling constants for both of the species. The determined molecular constants support the electronic structures of the two conformers. There exists a controversy as to which of the two conformers is the lowest energy one. Our present observation led to the conclusion that s-trans-3-propenalyl is the lowest energy conformer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Experts have ranked Taiwan as the number one country regarding the exposure to disinformation. This assessment is not surprising as many exposed disinformation cases can be linked to Chinese state-aligned actors but also domestic political actors. Academic researchers, journalists, and the civic tech community have played an essential role in the fight against disinformation in Taiwan and the emergence of misinformation studies as a new research field. While disinformation in Taiwan is a major recurring issue, the "Western" debate within academia and journalism has taken a critical turn regarding the assumed effects of disinformation. Our study focuses on this potential disconnect between the international and the Taiwanese debate about disinformation. With automatic and manual content analysis, we evaluate what role academics and journalism play in the public discourse and what part of this debate reaches the largest audience. We show how Taiwan's public misinformation discourse has evolved vis-a-vis the international discourse, what role misinformation studies play in this discourse, what part of the discourse reaches the widest audience, and what parts of the discourse could be problematic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inhibiting a specific target in cancer cells and reducing unwanted side effects has become a promising strategy in pancreatic cancer treatment. MAP4K4 is associated with pancreatic cancer development and correlates with poor clinical outcomes. By phosphorylating MKK4, proteins associated with cell apoptosis and survival are translated. Therefore, inhibiting MAP4K4 activity in pancreatic tumours is a new therapeutic strategy. Herein, we performed a structure-based virtual screening to identify MAP4K4 inhibitors and discovered the compound F389-0746 with a potent inhibition (IC50 120.7 nM). The results of kinase profiling revealed that F389-0746 was highly selective to MAP4K4 and less likely to cause side effects. Results of in vitro experiments showed that F389-0746 significantly suppressed cancer cell growth and viability. Results of in vivo experiments showed that F389-0746 displayed comparable tumour growth inhibition with the group treated with gemcitabine. These findings suggest that F389-0746 has promising potential to be further developed as a novel pancreatic cancer treatment. We identified a novel MAP4K4 inhibitor using a structure-based virtual screening strategy. Kinase profiling showed high selectivity towards MAP4K4. The identified inhibitor suppressed pancreatic cancer cell growth and viability in vitro. The inhibitor downregulated the MKK4-JNK signalling pathway. The inhibitor suppressed tumour growth in vivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interstellar discovery of the five cyano derivatives of propene brings interest in analogous molecules that could be detected in similar astronomical environments. In this context, ethynyl-propene derivatives are good candidates to be observed in the Taurus Molecular Cloud (TMC-1), where other cyano and ethynyl derivatives of hydrocarbons such as ethane, allene, propene, and cyclopentadiene, among others, have been detected. We have investigated the pure rotational spectra of the five ethynyl-propene derivatives to enable their interstellar detections. These molecular species have been produced by an electric discharge and their rotational spectra were characterized using a Balle–Flygare narrow band-type Fourier-transform microwave spectrometer operating in the frequency region of 4-40 GHz. The spectral analysis allowed us to derive accurate spectroscopic parameters to obtain reliable frequency predictions for astronomical searches. We do not detect any of these species in TMC-1 but we derive upper limits for the abundances for the five isomers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Psychological distress is common among patients with acute diseases and is associated with a poorer prognosis. Early detection and intervention are important for high‐risk individuals. Design and Methods: This retrospective study used the five‐item Brief Symptom Rating Scale (BSRS‐5) to assess psychological distress and evaluate whether proactive intervention may reduce distress levels among hospitalized patients in a single medical center in northern Taiwan. Findings: Of the patients, 10.7% were found to have varying degrees of emotional distress (BSRS‐5 ≥ 6). After providing integrated medical care for patients with psychological distress, the degree of stress decreased significantly (p < 0.001). These results were consistent across subgroups. Practice Implications: The results highlight that proactive assessment and appropriate interventions may reduce patients' psychological distress during their course of hospitalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the 1-km resolution long time series temperature data set, the spatial and temporal patterns of the magnitude and trend of the four-season mean temperature changes in the historical period (2001-2020), and in the future period (2021-2100) under the low forcing scenario (SSP119), medium forcing scenario (SSP245) and high forcing scenario (SSP585) are analyzed using the distance level method, Mann-Kendall trend test method and Sen's slope estimation method, with a view to providing a basis for developing detailed regional adaptation strategies in the context of climate warming. The results show that: (1) compared with the historical period, the average temperature of the four seasons in the future will increase in general under the three scenarios, and the area with the largest increase in summer is 66.70% under SSP119, 37.37% and 99.06% under SSP245 and SSP585, respectively. At the same time, the overall variation range of seasonal mean temperature under the three SSP scenarios is significantly different, which is moderated under SSP119, followed by SSP245, and the largest increase range under SSP585. (2) In the historical period, compared with other seasons, the significant rise in mean temperature in spring had the fastest rate (0.68±0.24°C⋅10y-1) and the largest area share (14.44%), mainly distributed in North China, Yunnan, Guizhou, Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces. (3) In the future period, the regional seasonal mean temperature in China shows an overall rising trend with significant spatial differences; among them, under the SSP119 scenario, the regions with significantly rising mean temperature in spring and winter are mainly concentrated in southern China and the local area of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, accounting for 29.03% and 25.58% of the area, respectively; under the SSP245 and SSP585 scenarios, the seasonal mean temperature in all regions of China shows a significant upward trend; under the SSP585 scenario, the seasonal mean temperature in the north increases at a faster rate than that in the south, and the national region has the fastest significant rate of increase in winter (0.66±0.09°C⋅10y-1). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a Bayesian reliability analysis of a system with dependent components, an aggregate analysis (i.e. system-level analysis) or a simplified disaggregate analysis with independence assumptions may be preferable if the estimations obtained from employing these two approaches do not deviate substantially from those derived through a disaggregate analysis, which is generally considered the most accurate method. This study was conducted to identify the key factors and their range of values that lead to estimation errors of great magnitude. In particular, a copula-based Bayesian reliability model was developed to formulate the dependence structure for a products of probabilities model of a simple parallel system. Monte Carlo simulation, regionalised sensitivity analysis and classification tree learning were employed to investigate the key factors. The resulting classification tree achieved favourable predictive accuracy. Several decision rules suggesting the optimal approach under different combinations of conditions were also extracted. This study has made a methodological contribution in laying the groundwork for investigating systems with dependent components using copula-based Bayesian reliability models. With regard to practical implications, this study also derived useful guidelines for selecting the most appropriate analysis approach under different scenarios with different magnitude of dependence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic inflammation caused by liver damage or infection plays an important role in the development and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The activation of Toll-like receptors 4 (TLR4) is involved in HCC tumorigenesis. Moreover, high TLR4 expression in HCC has been linked to poor prognosis. Although the expression of TLR4 in HCC is relatively low compared to hematopoietic cells, it is important to explore the molecular mechanism leading to the elevation of TLR4 in HCC. In this study, we aimed to investigate the positive regulating loop for TLR4 expression in HCC in response to chronic inflammation. Our results confirm that the mRNA expression of TLR4 and proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin 6 (IL6) and C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), positively correlate in human HCC samples. High TLR4 expression in HCC is more susceptible to lipopolysaccharide (LPS); TLR4 activation in HCC provides growth and survival advantages and thus promotes tumorigenesis. It has been shown that the LIN28/let-7 microRNA (miRNA) axis is a downstream effector of the TLR4 signal pathway, and let-7 miRNA is a potential post-transcriptional regulator for TLR4. Thus, we investigated the correlation between TLR4 and LIN28A mRNA and let-7g miRNA in HCC clinical samples and found that the expression of TLR4 was positively correlated with LIN28A and negatively correlated with let-7g miRNA. Moreover, by culturing PLC/PRF5 (PLC5) HCC cells in low-dose LPS-containing medium to mimic chronic inflammation for persistent TLR4 activation, the mRNA and protein levels of TLR4 and LIN28A were elevated, and let-7g miRNA was decreased. Furthermore, the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of TLR4 mRNA was shown to be the target of let-7g miRNA, suggesting that inhibition of let-7g miRNA is able to increase TLR4 mRNA. While parental PLC5 cells have a low susceptibility to LPS-induced cell growth, long-term LPS exposure for PLC5 cells leads to increased proliferation, cytokine expression and stemness properties. In conclusion, our studies demonstrate positive feedback regulation for chronic TLR4 activation in the modulation of TLR4 expression level through the LIN28A/let-7g pathway in HCC and suggest a connection between chronic inflammation and TLR4 expression level in HCC for promoting tumorigenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of metal‐enhanced fluorescence (MEF) of rhodamine dye by gold sub‐micro hexagonal plates were studied. A multilayered avidin–biotin complex was designed and used as a spacer to connect the fluorophore and the sub‐microplate. Fluorescence lifetime image microscopy (FLIM) combined with time‐correlated single‐photon counting was used to obtain lifetime images and intensities of dye on single particles. Gold hexagon plates ~900 nm were synthesized, and the avidin–biotin complexes were placed layer‐by‐layer for up to 4 layers onto the sub‐microplates. All emission curves of fluorophore displayed biexponential decay with short lifetimes of 18–23 ps and long lifetimes of 249, 271, 304, and 348 ps for 1–4 layers on gold sub‐microplates, respectively. Using the kinetic model of energy transfer between fluorophore and nanoparticles to explain the coupling mechanism, we found that the excited fluorophore transferred energy mostly to the high‐order modes for the 1‐layered avidin–biotin complexes enclosing gold nanospheres, consequently resulting in a non‐emissive pathway. The 4‐layered samples had the highest emission intensity because, at those distances, the enhancement by the gold sub‐microplates during plasmonic excitation remained high and became comparable to the energy quenching rate. Using the composed complexes, the MEF effect achieved the maximal enhancement in this system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A Fourier-transform microwave spectrum of the cis-β-cyanovinyl radical is re-measured for the Ka = 0 ladder of the a-type transitions up to 30 GHz and the 212–111 transition at 19.85 GHz. Four b-type transitions are also observed using a MW–MW double-resonance technique. Fine and hyperfine components observed for each rotational transition are fully assigned in the present study, and the precise molecular constants are determined for the radical. From the comparisons of the hyperfine coupling constants with those of the vinyl radicals, it is concluded that the substitution of one of the β-hydrogens by the cyano group has little effect on the electronic structure of the vinyl radical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While the dependence assumption among the components is naturally important in evaluating the reliability of a system, studies investigating the issues of aggregation errors in Bayesian reliability analyses have been focused mainly on systems with independent components. This study developed a copula-based Bayesian reliability model to formulate dependency between components of a parallel system and to estimate the failure rate of the system. In particular, we integrated Monte Carlo simulation and classification tree learning to identify key factors that affect the magnitude of errors in the estimation of posterior means of system reliability (for different Bayesian analysis approaches—aggregate analysis, disaggregate analysis, and simplified disaggregate analysis) to provide important guidelines for choosing the most appropriate approach for analyzing a model of products of a probability and a frequency for parallel systems with dependent components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: A submucosal injection is usually required to improve the efficacy and safety of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR). This study aimed to evaluate the performance of 3.3% sodium carboxymethyl starch (Na‐CMS) solution, a novel submucosal injection solution, for ESD and EMR. Methods: Na‐CMS, normal saline (NS) and two commercially available agents (sigMAVisc and Eleview) were injected into the esophageal submucosa of randomly grouped pigs. The level of submucosal elevation was examined. Subsequently, ESD or EMR procedures using 3.3% Na‐CMS or NS as submucosal injections were performed in the gastrointestinal tract of the pigs. Results: Submucosal elevation was significantly higher and more sustained in the 3.3% Na‐CMS group than in the controls (P < 0.05). The volume required for ESD or EMR was significantly lower in the 3.3% Na‐CMS group than in the NS group (ESD: 12.21 ± 4.09 mL vs 28.25 ± 8.02 mL, P < 0.001; EMR: 3.99 ± 1.98 mL vs 7.15 ± 3.67 mL, P = 0.001). The ESD resection time was significantly shorter in the 3.3% Na‐CMS group than in the NS group (16.58 ± 7.30 min vs 25.29 ± 11.89 min, P = 0.004). Hemorrhage after ESD in the 3.3% Na‐CMS group was less severe than that in the NS group (P = 0.006). Conclusion: 3.3% Na‐CMS is an effective, safe and low‐cost submucosal injection solution and holds promise as preferable agent for submucosal injection in ESD and EMR procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the practice of the deep engineering, it is expected to improve engineering ef- ficiency by introducing the microwave energy. Therefore, based on 1050 m deep sandstone, the heating characteristics of sandstone and its constituent minerals in the microwave field are comprehensively explored through experiments and numerical simulations. In the paper, the asynchronism of the temperature rise in different areas of the sandstone depends on the local characteristics of dielectric loss and maximum heat storage capacity. With increase of the temperature, the evaporation of the water leads to the decrease of the dielectric properties, the increase in the constant-pressure heat capacity and the increase in the heat dissipation coeffi- cient, which suppresses the temperature growth trend. The temperature rise of the amplitude of the material is lower than that expected from the microwave power. The maximum temperature of dolomite, feldspar and quartz under the power of 2000 W is 1.86, 1.71, and 1.63 times that of the power of 1000 W, respectively. It is necessary to select the reasonable microwave power to maximize the engineering efficiency. The results are expected to provide the theoretical and technical supports for the electromagnetic heat generation in deep engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ribonucleotide reductase (RR) catalyses the rate-limiting step of dNTP synthesis, establishing it as an important cancer target. While RR is traditionally inhibited by nucleoside-based antimetabolites, we recently discovered a naphthyl salicyl acyl hydrazone-based inhibitor (NSAH) that binds reversibly to the catalytic site (C-site). Here we report the synthesis and in vitro evaluation of 13 distinct compounds (TP1-13) with improved binding to hRR over NSAH (TP8), with lower KD's and more predicted residue interactions. Moreover, TP6 displayed the greatest growth inhibiting effect in the Panc1 pancreatic cancer cell line with an IC50 of 0.393 µM. This represents more than a 2-fold improvement over NSAH, making TP6 the most potent compound against pancreatic cancer emerging from the hydrazone inhibitors. NSAH was optimised by the addition of cyclic and polar groups replacing the naphthyl moiety, which occupies the phosphate-binding pocket in the C-site, establishing a new direction in inhibitor design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes an enhanced ant colony optimization with dynamic mutation and ad hoc initialization, ACODM-I, for improving the accuracy of Takagi-Sugeno-Kang- (TSK-) type fuzzy systems design. Instead of the generic initialization usually used in most population-based algorithms, ACODM-I proposes an ad hoc application-specific initialization for generating the initial ant solutions to improve the accuracy of fuzzy system design. The generated initial ant solutions are iteratively improved by a new approach incorporating the dynamic mutation into the existing continuous ACO (ACOR). The introduced dynamic mutation balances the exploration ability and convergence rate by providing more diverse search directions in the early stage of optimization process. Application examples of two zero-order TSK-type fuzzy systems for dynamic plant tracking control and one first-order TSK-type fuzzy system for the prediction of the chaotic time series have been simulated to validate the proposed algorithm. Performance comparisons with ACOR and different advanced algorithms or neural-fuzzy models verify the superiority of the proposed algorithm. The effects on the design accuracy and convergence rate yielded by the proposed initialization and introduced dynamic mutation have also been discussed and verified in the simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The single-machine total weighted tardiness (SMTWT) problem is a typical discrete combinatorial optimization problem in the scheduling literature. This problem has been proved to be NP hard and thus provides a challenging area for metaheuristics, especially the variable neighbourhood search algorithm. In this article, a multiple variable neighbourhood search (m-VNS) algorithm with multiple neighbourhood structures is proposed to solve the problem. Special mechanisms named matching and strengthening operations are employed in the algorithm, which has an auto-revising local search procedure to explore the solution space beyond local optimality. Two aspects, searching direction and searching depth, are considered, and neighbourhood structures are systematically exchanged. Experimental results show that the proposed m-VNS algorithm outperforms all the compared algorithms in solving the SMTWT problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concepts of the mean of residual and the sum of absolute residuals are introduced in this paper. Both of them along with the fault detection function are used to detect mutant fault of the assisted navigation devices in underwater integrated navigation system. (1) The traditional residual χ2 detection method is improved according to the structural characteristics of the underwater navigation system. (2) The mean of residual and the sum of absolute residuals are introduced as the characteristics of mutant faults. (3) The improved residual χ2 detection method is used to make sure of the happening of the mutant fault firstly. Then the residual mean and the sum of residual absolute values are used to distinguish the noise mutant system fault and the information mutant system fault. The results of simulations and the vehicle tests show that: (1) the mutant fault of the sub-system can be detected and the faulty sub-system can be isolated immediately when the fault appears with our novel method; (2) The noise mutant fault and the information mutant fault can be distinguished efficiently according to characteristics of the mean of residuals and the sum of the absolute residuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transverse navigation system has been designed and developed to solve the challenges of navigation in polar regions. However, considerable theoretical errors are introduced into the system when the spherical Earth model is adopted. To tackle this problem, a transverse navigation mechanism under the ellipsoidal Earth model has been proposed in this research and the application regions of the proposed algorithm are specified and evaluated through error analysis. The analysis shows the presented transverse navigation system works in both polar and part of the non-polar regions. Field tests were conducted to evaluate the navigation performance in Nanjing, a non-polar region. A novel experimental method, where the field test data in mid-latitude areas was used to simulate the real Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) data and the reference information in polar regions, was adopted to investigate the performance of the proposed algorithm in polar areas. The results show: that in the mid-latitude areas, the presented transverse navigation system achieves the same accuracy as the traditional inertial navigation system and that in polar regions, the proposed transverse mechanism outperforms the traditional method with a much lower error in longitude and yaw. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Five variable dimensional cadmium(ii) coordination polymers, {[Cd2(bpy)2(NO3)4·H2O]}n (1), [Cd(2,3-Pydc)]n (2), {[Cd2(2,3-Pydc)(bpy)2(NO3)(H2O)2]·(NO3)·3H2O}n (3), [Cd2(2,3-Pydc)2(H2O)]n (4) and {[Cd(NA)(NO3)(H2O)2]}n (5), have been synthesized by hydrothermal reaction of pyridine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid (2,3-H2Pydc) and 4,4′-bipyridine (bpy) with cadmium nitrate under different temperatures. At 80 °C, the mixture A of a 1-D compound 1 containing only a ligand of 4,4′-bpy and 2-D 36·46·53 topological compound 2 with a single ligand of 2,3-Pydc2− were obtained. At 120 °C or so, the 3-D 64·102 topological compound 3 containing mixed ligands of 2,3-Pydc2− and 4,4′-bpy was assembled. However, as the temperature increased to 170 °C, partial 2,3-H2Pydc in situ decarboxylated into nicotinic acid (HNA) and consequently another mixture B of 3-D 316·423·53·63 topological compound 4 reported previously and 1-D chain-like compound 5 containing NA− were constructed. Meanwhile, the complexes 1–3 and 5 exhibited good luminescent properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]