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Reduction in key air pollutants, especially particulate carbon, can help mitigate Arctic warming with associated benefits for global climate and human health, according to Earth system model simulations under future emissions scenarios.

Heat waves in the Arctic may strongly impact environment and local communities. Recently several indices have been proposed for monitoring environmental changes in the Arctic, but heat waves have not been addressed. By applying a structured approach for evaluating occurrences of periods with exceptionally high temperatures, this study demonstrates that in the last decades there was an increase of heat wave occurrences over the terrestrial Arctic. The increase is mainly over the Canadian Arctic Archipelago and Greenland that are surrounded by ocean undergoing a sea-ice melting trend, while the Eurasian Arctic shows no significant change in heat wave occurrence. Since 2002 the probability of experiencing heat waves in the Arctic has been similar or even higher than in the middle and low latitudes and heat waves have already started to increasingly threaten local vegetation, ecology, human health and economy.