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ObjectiveAfter fully lifting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic control measures in mainland China in 12/2022, the incidence of COVID-19 has increased markedly, making it difficult to meet the general time-in-range (TIR) requirement. We investigated a more clinically practical TIR threshold and examined its association with the prognosis of COVID-19 patients with type 2 diabetes(T2D).Research design and methods63 T2D patients complicated with COVID-19 were evaluated. Patients were divided into favorable outcome group and adverse outcome group according to whether achieving composite endpoint (a >20-day length of stay, intensive care unit admission, mechanical ventilation use, or death). TIR, the time-below-range (TBR) and the time-above-range (TAR) were calculated from intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring. Logistic regression analysis and other statistical methods were used to analyze the correlation between glucose variability and prognosis to establish the appropriate reference range of TIR.ResultsTIR with thresholds of 80 to 190 mg/dL was significantly associated with favorable outcomes. An increase of 1% in TIR is connected with a reduction of 3.70% in the risk of adverse outcomes. The Youden index was highest when the TIR was 54.73%, and the sensitivity and specificity were 58.30% and 77.80%, respectively. After accounting for confounding variables, our analysis revealed that threshold target ranges (TARs) ranging from 200 mg/dL to 230 mg/dL significantly augmented the likelihood of adverse outcomes.ConclusionThe TIR threshold of 80 to 190 mg/dL has a comparatively high predictive value of the prognosis of COVID-19. TIR >54.73% was associated with a decreased risk of adverse outcomes. These findings provide clinically critical insights into possible avenues to improve outcomes for COVID-19 patients with T2D.

Summary: Radiative cooling presents a method for reducing the operational temperature of solar panels without additional energy consumption. However, its applicability to PV modules has been limited by the thermal properties of existing materials. To overcome these challenges, we introduce a V-shaped design that enhances cooling in vertical PV modules by effectively harnessing thermal radiation from both the front and rear sides, resulting in a substantial temperature reduction of 10.6°C under 1 sun illumination in controlled laboratory conditions. Field tests conducted in warm and humid conditions, specifically in Thuwal, Saudi Arabia, demonstrate a remarkable 15% increase in efficiency while maintaining an operating temperature 0.2°C lower than that of conventional horizontal PV modules, corresponding to a significant 16.8% increase in power output. Our innovative V-shaped design offers a promising thermal strategy suitable for diverse climates, contributing to improved performance and reduced module temperatures, thereby supporting the global pursuit of carbon neutrality.

Light-ray tracing (RT) and the transfer matrix method (TMM) allow detailed optical simulation of single-junction silicon and perovskite solar cells, which critically aids device design towards record performance. However, their accuracy is compromised when simulating monolithic perovskite/silicon tandem devices built from textured silicon substrates, due to the resulting complex top-cell morphologies. The associated front surfaces of such tandem devices are typically either roughly conformal to the textured silicon underneath (for thermally evaporated or hybrid-deposited perovskites) or flattened (for solution-processed perovskites). Here, we develop accurate optical models for each configuration. For the conformal-like morphology, we apply a texture-on-texture model to accommodate for local imperfect conformalities. Contrastingly, for the flattened morphology, we develop a multi-subcell model to solve the limitation that films must be conformal in one-step RT + TMM simulations. We verify our models with experimental light absorption and quantum efficiency data for photovoltaic cells and modules in both morphological configurations and identify primary sources of parasitic light absorption. Finally, we extend our simulations to module-scale optics and find that textured module glass can effectively suppress photon escape for both tandem-device morphologies, improving their module performance.