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CCND1 gene encodes Cyclin D1 protein, the alternations and overexpression of which are commonly observed in human cancers. Cyclin D1 controls G1-S transition in the cell cycle. The aim of the study was to assess utility of the genotyping and protein expression in predicting the susceptibility of transformation from normal tissue to precancerous laryngeal lesions (PLLs) and finally to laryngeal cancer (LC). Four hundred and thirty-five patients (101 with LC, 100 with PLLs and 234 healthy volunteers) were enrolled in the study. Cyclin D1 expression was examined by immunohistochemistry and G870A polymorphism of gene CCND1 by PCR-RFLP technique. We confirmed association between the A allele and risk of developing LC from healthy mucosa (p = 0.006). Significantly higher expression of Cyclin D1 was observed in LC compering with PLLs (p < 0.0001) and we found that it could be a predictive marker of shorter survival time. To sum up, in the study population CCND1 gene polymorphism A870G and Cyclin D1 expression have a significant impact on the risk of developing PLLs and LC, and, therefore, Cyclin D1 could be a useful marker for the prediction of survival time in LC, whereas CCND1 gene polymorphism does not have a direct impact on patients’ outcome.

Calpastatin plays an essential role in the growth of skeletal muscles and post mortem meat tenderness. The objective of this research was to determine polymorphism in the calpastatin gene in a group of 212 sheep (192 ewes and 20 rams) of four breeds: Polish Merino, Berrichon du Cher, Blackheaded Mutton Sheep, and Ile de France. Polymorphism was identified using the PCR -RFLP technique in accordance with methods by Palmer et al. [9]. The amplified product with the length of 622 bp was digested with restriction enzymes MspI and NcoI. It was found that the M and N alleles were present in CA ST/MspI locus, their frequency being 83.5% and 16.5% respectively. Whereas in CA ST/NcoI locus the M allele occurred with the frequency of 95.8%, and the N allele with the frequency of 4.2%.Kalpastatyna odgrywa ważną rolę we wzroście mięśni szkieletowych i procesie kruszenia mięsa post mortem. Celem badań było określenie polimorfizmu w genie kalpastatyny w grupie 212 owiec (192 maciorki i 20 tryków) czterech ras: merynos polski, berrichon du cher, czarnogłówka i ile de france. Polimorfizm został zidentyfikowany metodą PCR -RFLP według metodyki Palmera i wsp. [9]. Zamplifikowany produkt o długości 622 pz poddano trawieniu enzymami restrykcyjnymi MspI i NcoI. Badania wykazały występowanie alleli M i N w locus CA ST/MspI z frekwencją odpowiednio 83,5% i 16,5%. Natomiast w locus CA ST/NcoI allel M wystąpił z częstością 95,8%, a allel N z częstością 4,2%.

The purpose of our study was to investigate in vitro the potential cancer preventive properties of several phytochemicals, i.e. grape seed extract (GSE), resveratrol (RES), ursolic acid (URA), ellagic acid (ELA), lycopene and N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) to define the mechanisms by which these compounds may inhibit murine skin carcinogenesis. We measured quenching of peroxyl, superoxide and hydroxyl radicals by these phytochemicals. We also used adenosine triphosphate (ATP) bioluminescence, Caspase-Glo 3/7 and P450-Glo (CYP1A1 and CYP1B1) assays to study antiproliferative, proapoptotic and CYP-inhibiting effects of the phytochemicals. We next determined their effects on a 4 week inflammatory hyperplasia assay using 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced murine skin carcinogenesis model to further understand their mechanism of action. Three murine keratinocyte cell lines, i.e. non-tumorigenic (3PC), papilloma-derived (MT1/2) and squamous cell carcinoma-derived (Ca3/7) cell lines, were used in in vitro assays. We have found that GSE, ELA and RES are potent scavengers of peroxyl and superoxide radicals. Statistically significant effects on activities of caspase-3 and -7 were observed only after GSE and URA treatments. All tested compounds protected cells from hydrogen peroxide-induced DNA damage. Using a short-term complete carcinogenesis assay, we have found that all selected compounds caused marked decreases of epidermal thickness and (except RES) reduced percentages of mice with mutation in codon 61 of Ha-ras oncogene. In conclusion, differential effects of tested phytochemicals on events and processes critical for the growth inhibition of keratinocytes in vitro and in vivo indicate that combinations of tested compounds may, in the future, better counteract both tumor initiation and tumor promotion/progression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]