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Although antibiotics are widely used for the treatment of infectious diseases‚ there may have consequences such as adverse drug reactions and antibiotic resistance. The aim of recent study was to compare the antibacterial activity of aqueous and alcohol extracts of Coriandrum sativum on Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli. The antibacterial properties of the extracts were assayed using well diffusion and Microtitr plate (for determining the MIC and MBC). Results of well diffusion method showed that S. aureus and L. monocytogenes were sensitive but E. coli and S. typhimurium were found resistant against both aqueous and alcohol extracts. The MIC and MBC for S. aureus was estimated at 6.25 µg/ml and 12.5 µg/ml, respectively. It was concluded that aqueous and alcohol extracts of Coriandrum sativum were effective on Gram-positive bacteria, however they were ineffective against Gram-negative strains used in this experiment.

Background and Aim: Strawberry is a valuable product that has a relatively short storage life. Use of chemical fungicides to extend storage life has been a matter of concern. In recent years, use of edible coatings has been regarded as a safe method in order to replace synthetic coatings. The aim of this study was to increase the storage-life and maintain the quality of strawberry by using edible coatings of whey protein concentrate and Trachyspermum copticum essential oil during a storage time of 10 days at 4 ± 1 ° C and relative humidity of 75 ± 5%. Materials and Methods: We extracted the essence of the seeds by Clevenger apparatus. Then, the active components of the essence were identified by gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method. In this study we used edible coating of whey protein concentrate and Trachyspermum copticum essential oil at different concentrations (0.2, 0.4 and 0.6%).Microbial quality )number of molds and yeasts, total microbial count(, physicochemical characteristics (weight loss, acidity, pH, soluble solids, texture firmness, and decay) and organoleptic characteristics were assessed in the experimental group after packing, before storage (at the beginning of storage ) and then 3, 5, 8 and 10 days after storage and compared with those in the control group. Results: This coating significantly delayed the growth of microorganisms. By increasing concentrations of 0.4 and 0.6%, the mold and yeast counts after 10 days of storage reached zero and we found a logarithmical cycle reduction in the microbial load. As well texture firmness, weight loss, and decay percentage significantly decreased in the experimental group compared to those in the control group. On the 10th day, the decay rate was 86% for the control group and 10% for the case group containing 0.6% essential oil. Changes in PH, acidity and soluble solids were not significant. The best organoleptic properties were related to the priming with 0.2% essential oil, which also had a positive effect on the parameters in our study. Conclusion: Strawberry fruit coating with whey protein concentrate and Trachyspermum copticum essential oil can be regarded as a safe and effective way to increase the storage life and quality of strawberry fruit in cold environments.

Abstract Background and Objective: It has been proved that plant essential oils have antimicrobial effects. Stachys Lavandulifolia Vachl is a medicinal plant growing wild in many parts of Iran, and is used as a brewed drink to treat some diseases. Material and Methods: Aerial parts of Stachys lavandulifolia Vachl at flowering were collected from the Sabalan mountainous area of Ardabil and its essential oil was extracted using a Clevenger-type apparatus. A GC/MS machine was used to identify the chemical constituents of this Essential oil. We used microdilution method to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of Essential oil against Listeria Monocytogenes ATCC19118 bacteria. Result: Sixteen chemical compounds were identified in this essential oil. Of these, γ-terpinene (28%), Phenol (18.16%), Myrcene (17.87%), and α-Pinen (12.7%) were the major ones. The MIC and MBC of the essential oil for Listeria Monocytogenes bacteria were 600 and 2400 ppm, respectively. Conclusion: Results showed that the Monoterpene and Sesquiterpene groups are the main constituents of this essential oil having bactericidal effects against Listeria Monocytogenes bacteria. Keywords: Essential Oil, Stachys Lavandulifolia, Listeria Monocytogenes

Background and Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in traditional and device-made ice cream in Qazvin. Materials and Methods: In this cross- sectional study, 100 samples of traditional and device-made ice cream in Qazvin were randomly collected over a period of one year and in different seasons. The culture method was then confirmed by PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) technique. Results: The inflammation rate of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria was 5% in most seasons in the traditional and device-made ice cream and the most inflammation was in summer, and 80% (4 cases) of the isolated bacteria were methicillin resistant. Conclusion: The use of pasteurized ice cream and observance of health principles in producing traditional and device-made ice cream will reduce the risk of contamination and food poisoning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Honey is a sweet, viscous liquid that bees produce from nectar collected from plant nectarines and store as food. In this study, some physicochemical properties (pH, ash, reducing sugars, sucrose, moisture, electrical conductivity, diastase activity, hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and commercial glucose) and microbial contaminations of 180 honey samples from North-western regions of Iran (Ardabil province) were evaluated in one year period in different seasons of 2012. The levels of reducing sugars, sucrose content and HMF of 6.11%, 8.33% and 3.33% samples were unacceptable, respectively. Diastase activity of 4 samples (2.22%) was negative and 5 samples (2.77%) had commercial glucose. But moisture, ash content, pH and electrical conductivity values of all samples were in the required standard range. The amounts of moisture and electrical conductivity value during various seasons show statistically significant differences (P ≤ 0.05). Microbial analyse results showed that of all the samples evaluated, only 13 samples (7.22%) contained mold, and 10 samples (5.55%) were contaminated with bacteria. The standard plate counts (SPC) were found in low numbers in most samples of honey with a mean count of 2.6 Log CFU.g-1. The results of this study may help improve researchers' understanding of honey properties and their impact on consumer preference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Citrus fruits have some antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. The aim of this study was to determine the chemical compounds, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities of Essential Oil (EO) of lemon (Citrus limon) peel in vitro and in a food model. Methods: The analysis of the lemon peel EO was carried out using gas chromatographymass spectrometry. Total phenolic and flavonoid content was determined using standard protocols. The antioxidant activity of the EO was also evaluated using 2, 2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay. Antimicrobial properties of the EO were assessed against Staphylococcus aureus using the broth microdilution method. Also, barely soup was chosen as food model. Data were analyzed using SPSS Inc. software version 22.0. Results: The total phenol content was 81.82±8.02 mg gallic acid equivalent/g of the EO. Also, the total amount of flavonoids in the EO of lemon peel was 11.72±1.82 mg/g rutin equivalent. Lemon peel EO showed 55.09% inhibition of DPPH, showing significant difference with control group (p<0.05). The MIC and MBC value of EO against S. aureus was 1.25 and 5%, respectively having significant difference (p<0.05) with control group. A dose-dependent manner was seen in food model revealed significantly lower (p<0.05) bacterial number in EO containing barley soup groups than the control one. Conclusion: The EO of lemon peel showed considerable antioxidant and antimicrobial properties both in vitro and barley soup as food model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Real time-qPCR is the most reliable method for evaluation of mRNA expression levels. However, to obtain accurate results, selection of suitable reference genes is necessary for normalizing the real-time qPCR data. The aim of this research was to validate the expression stability of three potential reference genes (ACTB, GAPDH and UXT) in milk somatic cells of Holstein dairy cattle under different lactation stages. For this purpose two types of milk samples from eighteen healthy cows at three lactation stages (early, middle and late of lactation cycle) and four mastitic cows were included in this experiment. Total RNA was extracted from the milk somatic cells and then cDNA was synthesized. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) performed for ACTB, GAPDH and UXT genes as candidate reference genes. Then, the real-time PCR results were analyzed with BestKeeper program. The evaluation of selected genes by real-time PCR revealed that all genes were expressed in the healthy and mastitic dairy cows. In addition, the UXT and GADPH genes displayed the lowest and highest values of expression level, respectively. The ACTB gene was considered as the most suitable internal controls as it was stably expressed in milk somatic cells regardless of dairy cows conditions. Taken together, our results could help to select suitable reference gene for the normalization of expression levels in milk somatic cells of dairy cattle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Denosumab (an anti RANKL antibody) is known to be associated with an increased risk for osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ). Due to the variety of clinical presentation, many ONJ definitions are used. Evaluation of ONJ's frequency during phase III randomized controlled trials (RCTs) is crucial to assess benefit-risk ratio. We verified that phase III RCTs involving denosumab reported the definition of ONJ used. Methods: We systematically searched in Central, Medline, Cochrane, and Scopus, until 31 August 2015. We included original phase III RCTs, involving denosumab. Post hoc analysis and trial extension were excluded. Articles that did not mention ONJ in their methods or results were excluded. The primary outcome was the prevalence of a complete definition of ONJ. When no definition was provided, ONJ adjudication process was analyzed. Results: Of 313 articles found, 13 RCTs were included. A definition of ONJ was detailed in two RCTs (15%). For the remaining 11 RCTs, adjudication process was mentioned for nine. In those processes, 'blinded,' 'expert,' and 'independent' were the most used words. Conclusion: Most of the published phase III RCTs involving denosumab did not specify the definition of ONJ used to adjudicate events in the study. Instead of definition, non-scientific and non-reproducible expressions were used. Because the chosen definition could impact the ONJ estimated frequency, it should be mandatory to give the precise definition used in each RCT publication involving denosumab. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Le signe de Chilaiditi est méconnu car la prévalence est faible dans la population générale, mais il est plus fréquemment retrouvé chez les patients âgés, et peut être source de questionnement et d'erreur diagnostique. Toutes les spécialités médicales amenées à prendre en charge des populations âgées devraient donc être informées de ce signe. Un homme de 63 ans ayant pour antécédents une maladie d'Alzheimer et une gastrostomie percutanée était hospitalisé pour douleur abdominale. L'examen physique ainsi que les résultats biologiques étaient sans particularités. La radiographie thoracique montrait un croissant d'air gazeux sous la coupole diaphragmatique droite, avec des haustrations coliques. Le scanner confirmait cette interposition du colon entre le foie et l'hémidiaphragme droit. Le diagnostic de syndrome de Chilaiditi était posé et le patient était traité par antalgiques. Le signe de Chilaiditi a été décrit pour la 1ère fois par Antoine Béclère en 1899 mais en 1910 Demetrius Chilaiditi a rapporté une série de 3 cas [1]. Dans la population générale, la prévalence serait de 0,025 à 0,28 % [2] mais atteindrait 1 % des personnes âgées [3]. Le sex-ratio hommes/femmes est de 4:1. Le signe de Chilaiditi est l'interposition colique hépato-diaphragmatique droite, sans expression clinique. Si le patient est symptomatique, on l'appelle syndrome de Chilaiditi, et cela peut se traduire par des douleurs abdominales, une constipation, des nausées ou vomissements, mais également une dyspnée. Il peut se compliquer d'occlusion, volvulus, perforation digestive. Le diagnostic est fait par radiographie thoracique et scanner abdominal. Les facteurs favorisants sont multiples. On retrouve des facteurs hépato-gastro-entérologiques tels que la cirrhose, une atrophie hépatique, une anomalie du ligament falciforme, un mégacôlon, des adhésions intra-abdominales, une augmentation de la pression abdominale (grossesse, obésité, ascite). Il existe aussi des facteurs respiratoires comme la bronchite chronique obstructive, l'emphysème. D'autres facteurs ont été identifiés comme un retard mental, une schizophrénie. Un traitement médical avec des antalgiques ou une sonde nasogastrique est suffisant dans la plupart des cas. Les complications sévères peuvent nécessiter un geste chirurgical. Le principal diagnostic différentiel est le pneumopéritoine qui peut mener à des interventions chirurgicales. L'interposition colique hépato-diaphragmatique peut être asymptomatique (signe de Chilaiditi) ou symptomatique (syndrome de Chilaiditi) et entraîner des complications telle qu'une occlusion. Son diagnostic radiologique ne doit pas être confondu avec un pneumopéritoine et il devrait donc être connu du plus grand nombre. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies on the architectural heritage can now be supported by three-dimensional reconstruction of actual buildings. The 3D digital model can be an effective medium for documenting the current state of historic buildings but also to create a resource for researchers who conduct their analysis on historical evolution. Architectural photogrammetry has its own specifications in relation to other photogrammetric applications, however it meets these expectations. The traditional approach requires the use of metric cameras but with the development of computational techniques, this requirement is overcome and opens the way for the use of non-metric camera. The use of the shots that is no longer restricted to the parallel configuration of bundles, the images may be convergent, horizontal or oblique. Combining and modelling several cameras increasingly powerful in resolution and stability, has great scope and the same workflow can be used in varied applications. ISPRS and ICOMOS created CIPA because they both believe that a monument can be restored and protected only when it has been fully measured and documented and when its development has been documented several times, i.e. monitored, also with respect to its environment, and stored in proper heritage information and management systems. In this paper the 3D modelling of an important cultural site using terrestrial photogrammetric techniques for architectural preservation is presented. The site is the mosque of Abdullah Ibn Salam, Built in 1880 at the initiative of Simon Kanoui, also known as the Great Synagogue of Oran was inaugurated in 1918 only. It was one of the largest and most beautiful synagogues in North Africa. It was built with stone imported from Jerusalem. This place of worship became in 1975 the mosque of Abdullah Ibn Salam who was a rich Jew of Medina who was converted to Islam. The structure is modelled using 321 oriented photos taken in five series of shots that cover all the façade and the interior of the building where more than 9200 points are created. Also some orthophotos of the important elements are produced and used as materials in the final stage which is the edition in a 3D modelling software. And a video virtual tour is generated using this software. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To identify risk factors for long-term mortality in patients aged 90 years and over who are admitted to hospital through the emergency department. Design: Prospective cohort study (SAFES cohort; Sujet Âgé Fragile - Évaluation Suivi). Setting: 8 university teaching hospitals and one regional, non-academic hospital in France. Participants: Among 1306 patients in the SAFES cohort, 291 patients aged 90 or over were included. Measurements: At inclusion, we recorded socio-demographic data (age, sex, level of education, living alone or in an institution, number of children, presence of helper/caregiver), and data from geriatric evaluation (dependence status, risk of depression, dementia, delirium, nutritional status, walking disorders, risk of falls, comorbidities, risk of pressure sores). Vital status at 36 months was obtained from the treating physician, the general practitioner, administrative registers, or during follow-up consultations. Results: Among 291 patients included, 190 (65.3%) had died at 36 months. Risk factors for mortality at 36 months identified by multivariate analysis were risk of malnutrition (HR 1.6, 95%CI 1.1-2.3, p=0.004) and delirium (HR 1.6, 95%CI 1.1-2.3, p=0.01). Conclusion: Risk of malnutrition and presence of delirium are risk factors for mortality at 36 months in subjects aged 90 years and over hospitalized through the emergency department. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background We aimed to identify, among persons aged 65 to 75 years, those presenting successful aging defined with health-related quality of life, and to identify factors associated with successful aging. Methods The study design was a cross-sectional study based on healthcare data from 2005, from a representative sample of the French population. Our study population was comprised of subjects aged 65 to75 who completed the Duke Health Profile (DHP). The outcome was successful ageing as defined by a score on the general health dimension of the DHP above the 75th percentile according to sex. Logistic regression was used to investigate the association between successful aging and socio-demographic, psychosocial, physical and behavioural factors. Results In total, 2160 were included in this analysis, average age was 70.1 ± 3.0 years. Overall, 645 (29.9%) presented good quality of life as assessed by the general health dimension, and thereby qualified as successful aging. By multivariable analysis, lower weight (OR = 2.75), regular physical activity (OR = 1.44), and the fact of having religious beliefs (OR = 1.36) were positively associated with successful aging. Conversely, psychological distress, comorbidities, and obesity negatively influenced aging. Social support, smoking status and marital status were not. Conclusion This study, from a representative sample of the French population, found similar variables related to successful aging as in other studies. Physical and psychological well-being, regular exercise and nutritional status are major determinants of successful aging. It is thus vitally important that healthcare policies and programmes emphasise these elements in order to promote healthy and successful aging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]