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The presence of multiple donor‐specific antibodies (DSAs) targeting HLA antigens poses a challenge to transplantation. Various techniques, including the use of recombinant cell lines and crossmatch cells have been developed to isolate DSAs. To simplify the extraction of HLA‐specific DSAs from complex sera, we introduced magnetic beads with single HLA specificity (MagSort). Sera were treated with MagSort, allowing HLA‐specific antibodies to bind to the beads, and these specific antibodies were subsequently eluted. MagSort beads, coated with 59 different HLA variants, underwent testing through 1329 adsorption/elution processes, demonstrating their effectiveness and specificity in adsorbing and eluting HLA‐specific antibodies. The MagSort method proves comparable to the cell method, showing similar isolated antibody binding patterns. The isolated antibody binding patterns from MagSort reveal both known eplets and unknown patterns, suggesting its utility for eplet discovery. Additionally, MagSort proved effective in extracting signals for flow cytometry cross‐matching, offering a means to assess the binding capability of isolated antibodies against specific donor cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Over-the-counter (OTC) medications are accessible medications convenient for consumers available in community pharmacies and other retail outlets without a prescription. When it comes to the use of OTC medications in sports, the primary use is to treat pain and inflammation. Athletes may also take medicines to treat specific medical conditions or common illnesses such as cold, congestion, cough, allergies, and skin infections. METHODS: It was a prospective, observational, multi-centered study conducted among female athletes at various sites in Pune. The study was conducted for duration of 6 months. A questionnaire was developed and distributed. Chi-square and Pearson correlation coefficient tests were used for the assessment of P value. P < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. RESULTS: In this study, a total of 324 questionnaires were distributed, of which 300 participants returned with completed questionnaires, i.e., with a response rate of 92.59%. Majority, i.e., 49.34% of participants, belonged to the age group of 21–25 years. The average KAPC score was found to be 11.93 (for knowledge), 8.42 (for attitude), 10 (for practice), and 2.41 (for cost) out of 20, 17, 23, and 3, respectively. The overall assessment of the KAPC score was found to be good, i.e., "58.24%." The P values calculated were only significant for weight versus attitude (0.000984) and weight versus practice (0.000431). CONCLUSION: The athletes had good knowledge and good cost management approach however; they showed poor attitude and poor practice regarding OTC medications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The problem of drug resistance and bacterial persistence in tuberculosis is a cause of global alarm. Although, the UN's Sustainable Development Goals for 2030 has targeted a Tb free world, the treatment gap exists and only a few new drug candidates are in the pipeline. In spite of large information from medicinal chemistry to 'omics' data, there has been a little effort from pharmaceutical companies to generate pipelines for the development of novel drug candidates against the multi drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis.Methods: In the present study, we describe an integrated methodology; utilizing systems level information to optimize ligand selection to lower the failure rates at the pre-clinical and clinical levels. In the present study, metabolic targets (Rv2763c, Rv3247c, Rv1094, Rv3607c, Rv3048c, Rv2965c, Rv2361c, Rv0865, Rv0321, Rv0098, Rv0390, Rv3588c, Rv2244, Rv2465c and Rv2607) in M. tuberculosis, identified using our previous Systems Biology and data-intensive genome level analysis, have been used to design potential lead molecules, which are likely to be non-toxic. Various in silico drug discovery tools have been utilized to generate small molecular leads for each of the 15 targets with available crystal structures.Results: The present study resulted in identification of 20 novel lead molecules including 4 FDA approved drugs (droxidropa, tetroxoprim, domperidone and nemonapride) which can be further taken for drug repurposing. This comprehensive integrated methodology, with both experimental and in silico approaches, has the potential to not only tackle the MDR form of Mtb but also the most important persister population of the bacterium, with a potential to reduce the failures in the Tb drug discovery.Conclusion: We propose an integrated approach of systems and structural biology for identifying targets that address the high attrition rate issue in lead identification and drug development We expect that this system level analysis will be applicable for identification of drug candidates to other pathogenic organisms as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]