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While educational settings may be envisioned as safe spaces that facilitate learning, foster creativity, and promote healthy development for youth, research has found that this is not always true for Black girls. Their negative experiences within educational settings are both gendered and racialized, often communicating broader societal perceptions of Black girls that ultimately shape their identity development. Utilizing semi-structured interviews with adolescent Black girls (n = 12), the current investigation explored Black girls' educational experiences, their meaning making of Black girlhood, and the role of parents in their positive development. By centering Black girls' voices, this study illuminated how Black girls negotiate their multiple marginalized identities and how their identities are shaped by their home and school environments. Findings revealed that Black girls are aware of the difficulties in navigating educational settings for Black girls, but this awareness was coupled with parental support that promoted positive gendered racial identities for Black girls in middle school and high school. This investigation advanced current knowledge of Black girls' identity development and highlighted the protective role of parental socialization. Future research directions and implications are also discussed.

At the beginning of the coronavirus pandemic in the Spring of 2020, North Carolina (NC) public schools moved to distance education in which all students attended classes on video conferencing programs. During this time, NC State University faculty offered virtual guest talks to NC K-12 students. Eighty-eight faculty from three NC State colleges volunteered and 161 teachers requested talks, with approximately 5,400 students. Overall, significantly more teachers from the NC Piedmont region requested speakers (p<0.0001); significantly more urban teachers requested talks (p<0.0001); and, significantly more elementary school teachers requested speakers than middle (p<0.0001) or high school (p<0.0001) teachers. The program was beneficial to teachers and students, exposing them to real-world research. In the future, the program should be expanded to include more teachers, students, and disciplines, and continue beyond the pandemic.

The current study examines how race-related stress, physiological and psychological anticipation of racism, relates to low-risk and high-risk activism orientations for Black adolescent boys and emerging adult men (N = 286). We investigate whether patterns of racial identity and age moderate those relationships. We found that physiological and psychological anticipation of racism were related to low-risk Black community activism orientation, and those relationships varied by age and racial identity. The relationship between physiological anticipation of racism and high-risk activism orientation was moderated by racial identity profiles. For Black adolescent boys and emerging adult men with racial identity profiles that support individual and communal value of Blackness, more physiological anticipation was related to a greater likelihood of engaging in risky activism in the future. Findings highlight the importance of understanding how stress responses to racism influence youth commitments to future activism. These findings also underscore heterogeneity of racial identity among Black adolescent boys and emerging adult men, and how patterns of racial identity and age differentially influence orientations toward activism against racial oppression.

Detrital zircon U–Pb geochronology (DZG) is widely used in the provenance analysis and calculating maximum depositional ages (MDAs) of strata. To assess the geologic limitations of this approach, we conducted DZG coupled with bulk‐petrology and heavy‐mineral analyses of Miocene volcaniclastic and non‐volcanic siliciclastic sandstones from the SW Tarim Basin. Although these two sandstone types display greatly different bulk‐petrography and heavy‐mineral signatures, they exhibit similar detrital‐zircon‐age spectra, and thus represent a less common case in which interpretations based on DZG alone may misalign with bulk‐sediment provenance. Most zircon‐based MDAs of volcaniclastic sandstones range from 12.3 to 14.8 Ma, deviating from their ca. 11 Ma true depositional age constrained previously. The similarity of zircon‐age spectra in volcaniclastic and siliciclastic sandstones and the 1–4 M.y. error of the zircon‐based MDAs is ascribed to the low zircon fertility of coeval alkaline magmatic sources. This study emphasizes the importance of an integrated approach to provenance analysis and chronostratigraphy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In June 2021 we used ultrasonic recorders to inventory zoophagic bats at mangrove patches in three bioregions on the Northern Territory coast: Darwin Coastal, Arnhem Coast and Gulf Coastal. All species could be separated in terms of their search-mode echolocation sequences using tropical Western Australian and Northern Territory reference libraries based on pulse peak frequency (F peak), fineness-of-tuning (Q − 6dB), repetition-rate and shape. Twenty-five of the 27 species that comprise the 'Top End' zoophagic bat fauna are now known to occur in its mangroves, an average of 21.3 ± 0.3 (s.e.) species per bioregion. Northern Territory and Western Australian populations of all but three species show few discernable differences in the four echolocation metrics assessed. Unlike the tropical bioregions in Western Australia, no bat species is confined to mangroves in the Northern Territory. Even so, analysis of data from these and adjacent bioregions shows that bat community structures throughout tropical north-western Australia are adapted to their environmental setting. In this paper we discuss how to recognise 'Top End' bats from their echolocation sequences, data needed for rapid inexpensive survey and monitoring programmes that inform conservation planning. We present the results of the first systematic survey of the bats occupying Northern Territory mangrove forests. More broadly, we identify environmental controls influencing the species composition and structure of tropical bat communities across north-western Australia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Continental shelves are the most morphologically variable element within the source-to-sink system owing to the numerous processes that influence their formation. A recent multivariate analysis of a global compilation of modern continental shelf data showed that much of the variability is related to tectonic setting, the degree to which the shelf has been glaciated, and carbonate production. While these factors play firstorder roles in determining the morphology of shelves, other controlling mechanisms such as siliciclastic sediment supply, wave and tidal energy, bedrock lithology, and sealevel fluctuations are not as well understood. Here, we report findings from a detailed investigation of the southeast Australian shelf that explored how sediment distribution, wave energy, and bedrock lithology influence shelf morphology. The high-resolution analysis suggests that the southeast Australian shelf has 11 distinct shelf types. No strong relationships exist between the shelf attributes or shelf type with their onshore catchments. However, a substantial section boundary correlates with a bedrock contact between the Sydney Basin in the south and the New England Orogen to the north. South of this boundary, we propose that the shelf morphology reflects transgression with low sediment supply, whereas to the north, the morphology reflects transgression with higher sediment input. Although several factors contributed to this difference in shelf morphology, we suggest that sediment distribution and retention due to the active wave climate during the most recent transgression likely played a vital role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given noted racial disparities in mental health and wellbeing, Black and Latine families are often the focus of prevention and intervention efforts. These efforts are traditionally embedded in deficit perspectives about these communities, ignoring their cultural wealth and collective agency. Yet increasing recognition of the interconnected systems and social determinants that lead to racial disparities and negative outcomes among Black and Latine populations requires counselors and other practitioners to broaden their conceptions of prevention and engage in collaboration to develop more effective and comprehensive prevention efforts. In the current paper, we provide an ecologically informed transdisciplinary model of family empowerment, prevention, and wellbeing with Black and Latine families. We apply this model to counseling practice as a potential roadmap for future counseling prevention work with Black and Latine families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A growing body of theory and research suggests that racial identity invalidation (RII)—the active denial of a person's racial identity and/or belonging to the racial group(s) they identify with—may play an important role in the mental health problems that Biracial Black–White youth face. However, research has yet to explore this empirically. The purpose of this study was to address this gap by examining whether RII was associated with depressive symptoms among Biracial Black–White adolescents and emerging adults (N = 713; 61% male; M = 18.40, SD = 3.71). From an intersectional and strengths-based lens, we also explore if (a) Biracial and Black pride individually or collectively moderate the relationship between RII and depressive symptoms and (b) if any of these associations differ by gender. The analyses included two hierarchical linear regressions (one for girls and one for boys) that were conducted using Model 3 of the PROCESS Macro in SPSS. The results indicated that RII was associated with depression symptoms for all participants. We also found several significant interaction effects illustrating that Biracial and Black pride both played a meaningful role in the relationship between RII and the mental health of the participants, but different patterns emerged for girls and boys. Collectively, the results position RII as a salient risk factor for Biracial Black–White adolescents and emerging adults while also illuminating the promotive and protective power of racial pride. The implications for research and practice are discussed. Public Policy Relevance Statement: As the bi/multiracial population continues to increase within the United States, society and researchers alike strive to better understand the unique experiences of those individuals whose racial identity has historically been invalidated. The present study demonstrates the deleterious nature of racial identity invalidation among Biracial Black–White adolescents and emerging adults and offers strategies that protect against the mental health consequences among both girls and boys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scholarship on girlhood—especially for girls of Color—is often relegated to studying risk and emphasizing individual deficits over humanizing girls and centering their voices. This approach to generating scholarship renders oppressive systems and processes invisible from inquiry and unaddressed by practice, with particularly insidious consequences for youth in the legal system. Critical youth participatory action research (YPAR) is acknowledged as an antidote to these conceptualizations because it resists deficit‐oriented narratives circling systems‐impacted youth by inviting them to the knowledge‐generating table. In this paper, we present an empirical analysis of the promises and perils that emerged as we conducted a year‐long critical YPAR project alongside five system‐impacted girls of Color. Our thematic analysis of process notes (30 meetings, 120 h) documents the stories posited by girls, in a democratized space, about the injustices of interconnected institutions, and unearths a complicated tension for both youth and adult coresearchers around the promises and perils of engaging in YPAR within the academy. These findings underscore the importance of using intersectional, collaborative research to challenge perceptions around how we legitimize knowledge. We describe lessons learned in conducting YPAR in academic settings and highlight recommendations to grow youth–adult partnerships within oppressive systems to share power. Highlights: Critical YPAR is heralded as a liberatory epistemology for social justice committed research. We conducted critical YPAR with system‐impacted girls of Color. We synthesize the promises and perils of critical YPAR in a research‐intensive university setting. We name the limits inherent in imperial logics and structures between academia and legal systems. Recommendations focus on structural changes at the nexus of academia and other systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence and seropositivity of SARS-CoV-2 in companion and exotic animals in a veterinary healthcare system. SAMPLE A total of 341 animals were sampled by a combination of oral and nasal swabs. Serum from whole blood was collected from a subset of animals (86 canines, 25 felines, and 6 exotic animals). METHODS After informed owner consent, convenience samples from client-owned animals and the pets of students and staff members associated with Colorado State University's Veterinary Health System were collected between May 2021 and September 2022. Study samples were collected by trained veterinarians, Veterinary Health System staff, and veterinary students. RESULTS SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected by reverse transcription PCR in 1.6% (95% Cl, 0.5% to 4.6%) of domestic canines and 1.1% (95% Cl, 0.2% to 6.1%) of domestic felines. No RNA was detected in any of the exotic animal species tested (n = 66). Plague reduction neutralization tests indicated that 12.8% (95% Cl, 7.3% to 21.5%) of canines and 12.0% (95% Cl, 4.2% to 30.0%) of felines had neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study provides insight regarding SARS-CoV-2 spillover in domestic companion and exotic animals and contributes to our understanding of transmission risk in the veterinary setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We update the list of indigenous mammals known from each of Western Australia's mainland bioregions since European settlement, assess their regional status in terms of extent of occurrence, then compare these regional status lists and derived faunal attrition values with those published in 2006. Seven bioregions show substantially more faunal attrition since 2006, including the Avon Wheatbelt, Victoria Bonaparte and Northern Kimberley. The status of 27 species has worsened in at least one bioregion, an average of 1.7 species per bioregion across the 26 bioregions. We also examine potential explanatory factors associated with faunal attrition across the bioregions using beta regression and AIC-based model selection. Faunal attrition was strongly associated with low average annual rainfall, a low proportion of species that shelter in rockpile habitat, high environmental change, a high proportion of species in the 'Critical Weight Range' and, to a lesser degree, a high proportion of omnivorous species. Only conservation management outside of havens can reverse this downward trend. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scholars have spent the last four decades expanding the theoretical understanding of parental racial socialization—or parent–child communication about race. What is largely absent from existing conceptualizations, however, is a consideration for how the practice manifests in Multiracial families. The interracial structure of Multiracial families complicates racial socialization in ways that are not being captured in empirical research due to the overreliance on universal frameworks. It is imperative that we close this theoretical gap as the proportion of Multiracial families in the United States is expanding at record rates. Accordingly, we present the Multiracial‐Black Socialization Model (MRB‐SM) in this paper. The MRB‐SM is designed explicitly for Multiracial‐Black families, one of the fastest‐growing sub‐groups of Multiracial families. The model builds upon the strengths of universal socialization theories by outlining the content, process, and context components of racial socialization in Multiracial‐Black families. The implications for research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transient receptor potential, the melastatin (TRPM) subfamily, which consists of eight known members, appears to have significant importance in melanoma progression, treatment, and prognosis. As several members were originally cloned from cancerous tissue, initial studies aimed towards identifying TRPM involvement in cancer progression and tumorigenesis. For relevance in skin cancer, previous research has shown roles for several TRPM members in skin cancer progression, growth, and patient prognosis. One unique member, TRPM2, appears to have notable therapeutic potential in the treatment of melanoma. Previous and recent studies have demonstrated increased TRPM2 expression levels in melanoma, as well as important roles for TRPM2 in melanoma growth, proliferation, and survival. TRPM2 is thus an emerging target in the treatment of melanoma, where TRPM2 antagonism may offer an additional treatment option for melanoma patients in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Toward the overall goal of interrogating systems that contribute to racial inequity in child and adolescent psychology, we examine the role and function of Residential Treatment Centers (RTCs) in creating or exacerbating race and gender inequities using the language of mental health and the logic that treatment intentions justify children's confinement. In Study 1, we conduct a scoping review to investigate the legal consequences of RTC placement, attending to race and gender in 18 peer-reviewed articles, encompassing data for 27,947 youth. In Study 2, we use a multimethod design focusing on RTCs in one large mixed-geographic county to examine which youth are formally charged with a crime while in RTCs, and the circumstances under which these charges occur, attending to race and gender (N = 318, 95% Black, Latine, Indigenous youth, mean age = 14, range = 8–16). Across studies, we find evidence for a potential treatment-to-prison pipeline through which youth in RTCs incur new arrests and are charged with crimes during and following treatment. This pattern is pronounced for Black and Latine youth and especially girls, for whom use of physical restraint and boundary violations are recurring challenges. We argue that the role and function of RTCs via the alliance between mental health and juvenile legal systems, however passive or unintentional, provides a critical exemplar of structural racism; and thus invite a different approach that implicates our field to publicly advocate to end violent policies and practices and recommend actions to address these inequities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oceanic Anoxic Events (OAEs) are conspicuous intervals in the geologic record that are associated with the deposition of organic carbon (OC)‐rich marine sediment, linked to extreme biogeochemical perturbations, and characterized by widespread ocean deoxygenation. Mechanistic links between the marine biological carbon pump (BCP), redox conditions, and organic carbon burial during OAEs, however, remain poorly constrained. In this work we reconstructed the BCP in the western Tethys Ocean across OAE1a (~120 Mya) using sediment geochemistry and OC mass accumulation rates (OCAcc). We find that OCAcc were between 0.006 and 3.3 gC m−2 yr−1, with a mean value of 0.79 ± 0.78 SD gC m−2 yr−1—these rates are low and comparable to oligotrophic regions in the modern oceans. This challenges longstanding assumptions that oceanic anoxic events are intervals of strongly elevated organic carbon burial. Numerical modelling of the BCP, furthermore, reveals that such low OC fluxes are only possible with either or both low to moderate OC export fluxes from ocean surface waters, with rates similar to oligotrophic (nutrient‐poor, <30 gC m−2 yr−1) and mesotrophic (moderate‐nutrients, ~50–100 gC m−2 yr−1) regions in the modern ocean, and stronger than modern vertical OC attenuation. The low OC fluxes thus reflect a relatively weak BCP. Low to moderate productivity is further supported by palaeoecological and geochemical evidence and was likely maintained through nutrient limitation that developed in response to the burial and sequestration of phosphorus in association with iron minerals under ferruginous (anoxic iron‐rich) ocean conditions. Without persistently high productivity, ocean deoxygenation during OAE1a was more likely driven by other physicochemical and biological factors including ocean warming, changes in marine primary producer community composition, and fundamental shifts in the efficiency of the BCP with associated effects and feedbacks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Petrographic, whole‐rock geochemical and geochronological analysis of polymictic conglomerate, associated siltstone and greywacke in the Neoarchean Gadag Greenstone Belt in the Western Dharwar Craton, India, provides new insights into sedimentary provenance and tectonic setting. The polymictic conglomerate contains granitic, gneissic, felsic and mafic volcanic, quartzite and banded ferruginous chert clasts within a quartzo‐feldspathic matrix. Framework grains in the siltstone and greywacke are quartz, feldspar with rock fragments, embedded in a chlorite‐dominant matrix. The chemical index of alteration values (~70) and A‐CN‐K plot for the rocks suggest a low‐to‐moderate degree of weathering. Rare earth element (REE) patterns show moderate fractionation (LaN/YbN ~ 12.31) with a weak negative europium anomaly (0.82). Enrichment in transition elements (Ni, Cr, Co, Sc) and depletion in high‐field‐strength elements, as well as relatively low La/Co (0.62), moderate to high Th/Yb (3.06), La/Th (5.16), La/Yb (17.5), and La/Sc (~2.37) ratios, suggest a mixed felsic‐mafic provenance. U–Pb dating of detrital zircon from the conglomerate and greywacke revealed major age peaks at ca. (3.2, 2.9, 2.8, 2.6, 2.5 Ga) and a maximum age of deposition of 2,508 ± 26 Ma, 2,493 ± 20 Ma, respectively. The above data suggest low to moderately weathered proximal sources for both conglomerate and greywacke, indicating that these two rock types were not deposited simultaneously, but rather separately. The association of these conglomerates and greywacke with continental arc‐related volcanics indicates the closing of an arc at the time of sedimentation. Complex provenance consisting of recycled and magmatic arc during basin closure confirm the notion of modern style plate tectonics operating during Neoarchaean. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While educational settingsmay be envisioned as safe spaces that facilitate learning, foster creativity, and promote healthy development for youth, research has found that this is not always true for Black girls. Their negative experiences within educational settings are both gendered and racialized, often communicating broader societal perceptions of Black girls that ultimately shape their identity development. Utilizing semi-structured interviews with adolescent Black girls (n = 12), the current investigation explored Black girls' educational experiences, their meaning making of Black girlhood, and the role of parents in their positive development. By centering Black girls' voices, this study illuminated how Black girls negotiate their multiple marginalized identities and how their identities are shaped by their home and school environments. Findings revealed that Black girls are aware of the difficulties in navigating educational settings for Black girls, but this awareness was coupled with parental support that promoted positive gendered racial identities for Black girls in middle school and high school. This investigation advanced current knowledge of Black girls' identity development and highlighted the protective role of parental socialization. Future research directions and implications are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]