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Jaime A Quintero,1– 3 Camilo A Medina,1,4,5 Federico Penagos,3,4 Jaime Andres Montesdeoca,3,4 Gildardo Antonio Orozco,1,4 Juan Saavedra-Castrillón,3,4 Julio Diez-Sepulveda1,3,4 1Departamento de Medicina de Emergencias y Cuidado Crítico, Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia; 2Centro de Investigaciones Clínicas (CIC), Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia; 3Semillero de Investigación en Medicina de Emergencias y Reanimación (SIMER), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Cali, Colombia; 4Universidad Icesi, Facultad de Ciencia de la Salud, Cali, Colombia; 5Departamento de Medicina Interna, Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali, ColombiaCorrespondence: Jaime A Quintero, Email jaime.quintero.ra@fvl.org.coIntroduction: Hyperkalemia is a prevalent electrolyte disorder related to elevated serum potassium levels, resulting in diverse abnormal electrocardiographic findings and associated clinical signs and symptoms, often necessitating specific treatment. However, in some patients, these abnormal findings may not be present on the electrocardiogram even in elevated serum potassium levels. This study aims to identify electrocardiographic abnormalities related to the severity of hyperkalemia and the clinical outcomes in an emergency department in southwestern Colombia.Methodology: This is a retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study. We described the electrocardiographic findings, clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcomes related to the degrees of hyperkalemia. The potential association between the severity of hyperkalemia and electrocardiographic findings was evaluated.Results: A total of 494 patients were included. The median of the potassium level was 6.6 mEq/L. Abnormal electrocardiographic findings were reported in 61.5% of the cases. Mild and severe hyperkalemia groups reported abnormalities in 59.9% and 61.2%, respectively. The most common electrocardiography abnormalities were the peaked T wave 36.2%, followed by wide QRS 83 (16.8%). Only 1.4% of patients had adverse outcomes. The abnormal findings were registered in 61.5%. Mortality was 11.9%. The peaked T wave was the most common finding across different levels of hyperkalemia severity.Conclusion: High serum potassium levels are related with abnormal ECG. However, patients with different degrees of hyperkalemia could not describe abnormal ECG findings. In a high proportion of patients with renal chronic disease and hyperkalemia, the abnormalities in the ECG could be minimal or absent.Keywords: hyperkalemia, degree, outcomes, electrocardiographic, ECG, abnormalities

Allister Gibbons,1 Ella H Leung,1 Luis J Haddock,1 Carlos A Medina,1 Viviana Fernandez,2 Jean-Marie A Parel,1,2 Heather A Durkee,2 Guillermo Amescua,1 Eduardo C Alfonso,1 Victor L Perez1,3 1Bascom Palmer Eye Institute/University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 2Ophthalmic Biophysics Center, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 3Ocular Surface Center, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA Purpose: To determine the indications, long-term clinical and visual outcomes, and complications of the aphakic snap-on type I Boston keratoprosthesis (KPro). Design: Retrospective, non-comparative case series. Methods: Forty-five eyes of 43 patients with type I aphakic snap-on KPros with at least 1 year of follow-up were included. The past medical histories, preoperative indications, best-corrected visual acuities (BCVAs), postoperative complications, and retention rates were analyzed. Results: The most common indication for KPro implantation was a failed corneal graft (89%). The mean preoperative BCVA was count fingers–hand motion (2.14±0.45 logarithm of minimum angle of resolution [logMAR]), which initially improved to 20/200 (1.04±0.85 logMAR; P

We categorized the dormancy and germination ofblackberry (Rubus glaucus Benth) seeds from the GermplasmBank System for Food and Agriculture of the Colombian Nation. A tetrazolium test showed normal seedling production viability, but seed coat impermeability prevented imbibition, which is considered an expression of exogenous dormancy; however, this was released by immersing the seeds in 5.25% sodium hypochlorite for 16 to 21 hours. The treatment was applied to 10 accessions of Castilla blackberry, harvested during the dry and rainy seasons. The seeds were germinated under light and dark conditions. The highest germination counts were obtained with the dry-season-collected seeds incubated in darkness and with the rainy-season seeds incubated under light conditions. Differential germination responses were also independently determined by genotype, incubation conditions (light or darkness) and collecting season. / Se categorizaron la latencia y la germinación ensemillas de mora de Castilla (Rubus glaucus Benth), provenientes del Sistema de Bancos de Germoplasma para la Alimentación y la Agricultura de la Nación Colombiana. La prueba del tetrazolio demostró que las semillas tenían la capacidad para dar origen a una plántula normal; sin embargo, al contacto con el agua la imbibición fue restringida por la impermeabilidad de la testa, lo que se considera como una expresión de latencia exógena. Ésta pudo ser removida con la inmersión de las semillas durante 16 a 21 horas en hipoclorito de sodio al 5,25%. El tratamiento fue aplicado a 10 accesiones de mora de Castila cosechadas en épocas seca y lluviosa; las semillas se germinaron bajo condiciones deluz y oscuridad, con una mayor germinación al incubar lasprovenientes de tiempo seco en condiciones de oscuridad y en aquellas de época lluviosa al ser germinadas con luz. También al aplicar el procedimiento de remoción de latencia exógena se observaron respuestas germinativas diferenciales determinadas por el genotipo, las condiciones de incubación (luz y oscuridad) y la época de recolección.

Resumen: En la actualidad tenemos el privilegio de vivir una época de importantes transformaciones para nuestra profesión. Reflexionar sobre las implicaciones que estos cambios suponen es un ejercicio racional y prudente, en el sentido más aristotélico del término, que nos permitirá afrontar el futuro asumiendo los compromisos y responsabilidades éticas y profesionales que nos correspondan.El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar algunas de las transformaciones que se han producido en los contextos académico, profesional y social en los que se desempeñan los profesionales de Enfermería y los retos éticos que suponen estos cambios para los enfermeros y enfermeras en cuanto condicionan su desarrollo futuro.Abstract: Ethical challenges for the nursing care in changing scenarios. On these days, we have the privilege of living in a time of important changes for our profession. Reflecting about the implications of these changes is a rational and prudent behaviour, in the most Aristotelian sense of the terms, and will make us able to face the future assuming our ethical and professional commitments and responsibilities. The aim of this paper is to analyse some of the transformations that have taken place in the academic, professional and social contexts where nurses perform their profession and the ethical challenges that these changes mean for their future development.

This study reports the effects of sheep and pig liquid manure, and chemical fertilizer on the phytoplankton, primary productivity and aquaculture production in the cultivation of carp in semi-rustic ponds. The total yield was 4.632 kg in two hectares. Treatment with chemical fertilizers was found to present the highest yield with 10.06 ± 0.67 (kg/Ha/day), followed by treatment with pig manure (8.27 ± 1.24 kg/Ha/day) and sheep manure (6.33 ± 1.95 kg/Ha/day). It was also found that concentrations of phytoplankton were significantly (p