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Copyright of International Arab Journal of Dentistry is the property of Saint Joseph University, Faculty of Dental Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

: This study aims to measure and establish a correlation between the initial bone height (IBH) at the dentate posterior maxillary sextants to the middle facial height (MFH) and the maxillary sinus volume (SV). Thirty CBCTs split evenly between males and females were retrospectively selected and processed to measure the SV and the IBH from the first premolar to the second molar. A clinical measurement was performed on each patient to evaluate the MFH. A significant positive correlation was found between MFH and SV. No significant correlation was found between the IBH of the first premolar and the SV or MFH on both sides. The results showed a significant negative correlation between the IBH of the other teeth examined and the SV on both sides. A significant negative correlation was found between the MFH and the IBH of the second premolar, first molar, and second molar of each side. It can be concluded that the maxillary SV increases with the MFH, and the IBH decreases when the SV and the MFH increase except for the first premolar. The clinical relevance of this study lies in the capability of the general practitioner to estimate the IBH in the posterior dentate maxilla by measuring the MFH. Patients with a risk of having a low IBH can be advised, in the case of an extracted tooth, to consider ridge preservation techniques or implant therapy as soon as possible to avoid future complex surgical interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Marginal bone loss after implant placement is one of the most used criteria to assess the success of osseointegrated implants over time. The type of implant connection and implant surface type are reported to have an influence on bone remodeling around the placed implants. This study aimed to evaluate marginal bone loss around two implant systems with different connections and surfaces in horizontally augmented sites. Methods: This randomized control pilot study included 8 implants placed in 3 patients who needed implant placement in previously horizontally grafted sites. The placed implants were divided into two groups: group 1 consisting of implants with external connection and a hybrid design, and group 2 including implants with an internal connection and a fully etched surface. Clinical and radiographical measurements were taken at baseline, during the surgery, and up to one year after loading to evaluate marginal bone loss around the two different implants placed in grafted sites. Results: All implants were retained at all follow-up periods and healing was uneventful. There were similar Marginal Bone Loss (MBL) and soft tissue changes around both types of implants. Group 2 implants had higher MBL, however, the difference was not statistically significative. Conclusions: Preliminary analysis suggest that full surface etching does not seem to negatively influence marginal bone loss around implants placed in augmented bone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Periodontitis is defined as a chronic inflammatory disease and is mainly caused by a dysbiosis of the periodontal microbiome. Many systemic diseases have been linked to periodontal disease, and the alteration of the microbiome plays a major role in the pathogenesis. Diabetes has been highly associated with the increased risk of periodontal disease, as it provides a hyperglycemic microenvironment that heavily influences the periodontal microbiome by reducing its diversity and favoring disease associated bacteria. Rheumatoid arthritis has also been associated with periodontitis, with many studies indicating microbial shifts in affected individuals without reaching a consensus on the precise nature of dysbiosis. Contradictory and limited number of studies focusing on the effect of other diseases (systemic lupus erythematosus, human immunodeficiency virus, leucocyte adhesion deficiency, liver diseases) on the periodontal microbiome have been also conducted, and many of them have shown distinct microbial shifts in affected individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dental implants are now considered the treatment option for missing teeth. They hold a high survival rate with great patient satisfaction. In the last 3 decades, new infectious diseases emerged around dental implants, termed peri-implant mucositits and peri-implantitis. These infectious diseases comprise similar characteristics to periodontitis, including soft and hard tissue loss. Alteration of the peri-implant microbiome is among the numerous etiologies of peri-implant diseases. In health, implants comprise mainly of facultative anaerobic gram-positive cocci, in which the microbiome resides in a symbiotic state where all microorganisms co-exist with each other. On the other hand, diseased implants include gram-negative anaerobic rods and spirochetes, in which the microbiome resides in a dysbiotic state, where disease-associated species and the metabolic activity is increased. This microbial shift occurs due to many reasons such as the presence of periodontitis history, adjacent diseased natural teeth, and implants placed in periodontally affected subjects. Candidate individuals with a strict supportive periodontal care along with controlled local and systemic factors, that negatively affect the microbiome, is mandatory to maintain the symbiotic state around dental implants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Periodontal disease is one of the most chronic infectious diseases. It is initiated by a reversible inflammatory condition commonly called gingivitis. If untreated, it progresses to an irreversible condition called periodontitis, if not resolved, it leads to tooth loss. Periodontitis is a multifactorial disease; one of these factors is the periodontal microbiome. Moreover, the microbiome is altered based on the status of the host, the overall health, gingivitis, and periodontitis. Taxonomically, the microbiome is defined as being a variety of microorganisms called health-associated species. They consist of gram-positive cocci and rod with gram-negative species. In this state, the microbiome participates in various physiological functions. While in gingivitis, the microbiome shifts in its composition and can now initiate an inflammatory condition. While in periodontitis, the microbiome is changed to a state where new microorganisms emerge which initiate a periodontal tissue destruction phenomenon. These microorganisms are referred to disease-associated species. Environmental factors can alter the microbiome composition. Smoking and diabetes are two strong extrinsic factors that negatively shape the microbiome into a more aggressive form. Individuals with poor glycemic control or consume tobacco products are more prone to periodontal diseases because their microbiome is rich in bacterial complexes which negatively affects the periodontium. The effect of antibiotic consumption on the microbiome was more or less advantageous; it was observed that not all antibiotics affect the microbiome composition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]