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Sludge based catalysts (SBCs) has been considered as a promising and viable approach to sludge reclamation. Herein, we fabricated bimetallic Fe-Ti doped SBCs via a facile synthesis with sludge containing polyacrylamide (PAM) as N-precursor. The adsorption capacity and degradation efficiency of as-synthesized SBCs were assessed using tetracycline (TC) as a target pollutant, in which PAM in sludge played a dual role by promoting porosity, active sites, and structural defects beneficial for persulfate (PS) activation. Fe-Ti doping induced the activation of PS by a fast redox cycle of Fe3+/Fe2+ associated with the coexistence of Ti4+/Ti3+, which enabled an efficient electron transfer between the catalyst and PS. The synergistic effect of PAM-derived N doping and Fe-Ti bimetals resulted in prevention of iron leaching and enhanced catalyst stability over a wide pH range. The surface SO4•− was the primary oxidant in the TC degradation process based on free-radical quenching experiments, and degradation pathways of TC were proposed given the intermediate evidence from UPLC-HRMS analysis. This study promotes the reclamation of PAM-containing sludge providing an eco-friendly and efficient process to activate PS for wastewater treatments.

The electrochemical Fenton (electro-Fenton) pretreatment was explored as an attractive dewatering method for excess sludge produced in municipal wastewater treatment plants (MWTPs). The effects of initial pH, applied current density, zero valent iron (ZVI) dosage, and H2O2 concentration on sludge dewaterability and filterability were demonstrated by measuring water content (WC) and capillary suction time (CST) of conditioned sludge, respectively. Using radical scavenging tests, the significantly reduced WC and CST values in the electro-Fenton pretreatment compared to unconditioned sludge were attributed to both surface-bound OH and aqueous OH responsible for attacking and degrading extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). The component of tightly bound EPS (TB–EPS) was degraded to a greater extent as compared to soluble EPS (S–EPS) and loosely bound EPS (LB–EPS), resulting in the release of bound water to the aqueous phase. Protein and polysaccharide measurements in EPS fractions, together with FT–IR spectra, confirmed the preference of protein oxidation by OH. On the other hand, in the electro-Fenton process, ZVI was first electro-oxidized to Fe2+ for use in the Fenton reaction, then to Fe3+ that was subsequently reduced to Fe2+ under the applied electrical field, thereby leading to the cycle of iron (Fe2+ → Fe3+ → Fe2+). Moreover, ZVI/Fe3+ acted as scaffolds for agglomeration of flocs into large and compact particles for improved filterability. Results of this study could provide a basis to optimize the sludge dewatering process using the electro-Fenton pretreatment in MWTPs.

The novel quaternary ammonium modified magnetic carboxyl-carbon nanotubes (QA-Mag-CCNTs) have been synthesised and characterized. QA-Mag-CCNTs were applied in magnetic dispersive solid phase extraction (Mag-dSPE) for preconcentration of perchlorate from tea leaves prior to liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. The Mag-dSPE procedure for preconcentration of perchlorate succeed in overcoming the flaw (containing target analyte randomly) of commercially available SPE cartridge. Under optimal conditions, the results showed higher extraction efficiency of QA-Mag-CCNTs, with recoveries between 85.2% and 107%. And the satisfactory precision with inter-day and intra-day RSD values were lower than 8.0%. Furthermore, QA-Mag-CCNTs were evaluated for reuse up to 20 times. The limit of quantification (LOQ) for perchlorate was 8.21 ng kg−1. The developed method was successfully applied in tea leaves for food-safety risk monitoring in Zhejiang province, China. The results showed the concentrations of perchlorate in 229 out of 240 collected samples were in the range of 0.082–988 μg kg−1. It was confirmed that QA-Mag-CCNTs were highly effective materials used for preconcentration of perchlorate.

A novel double layer pipette tip magnetic dispersive solid phase extraction (DPT-MSPE) based on polyamidoamine-functionalized magnetic carbon nanotubes (PAMAM@Mag-CNTs) was developed for the purification of fifteen toxic alkaloids in meat dishes and vegetable dishes. PAMAM@Mag-CNTs were synthesized through direct reaction between the carboxy group on the surface of the Mag-CNTs and the peripheral amino group of the polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers. The magnetism of PAMAM@Mag-CNTs simplified the post-processing during preparation of the sorbent, and reinforced the interaction between the sorbents and the analytes during the cleanup procedure. An ultra-fast liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry (UFLC-MS/MS) coupled with DPT-MSPE method has been developed to determine fifteen alkaloids in meat dishes and vegetable dishes. Under the optimal conditions, satisfactory recoveries, i.e., 83.4–125% for meat dishes and 84.2–122% for vegetable dishes, were obtained due to the high cleanup efficiency of the DPT-MSPE. Furthermore, the method, which displays good linearity (r ≥ 0.9991), acceptable precision (RSD < 8%), and low limits of quantification (0.054–1.058 ng g−1), has been successfully applied to several food samples, and it was confirmed that PAMAM@Mag-CNTs DPT-MSPE was a highly effective extraction method for alkaloids in cooked food samples.

Bimetallic oxide CuFeO2 as a new heterogeneous catalyst has shown much higher catalytic ability for activating peroxide than single-metal oxides. The present work demonstrated a synergistic microwave (MW) enhanced Fenton-like process with CuFeO2 for rapid decolorization of azo dye Orange G (OG). The MW irradiation dramatically enhanced the OG degradation efficiency, achieving 99.9% decolorization within 15 min at pH 5. The XRD analysis of reused CuFeO2, together with metal leaching tests, indicated merits of recycling for CuFeO2. The subsequent surface element analysis by XPS for fresh and used CuFeO2 showed a complex network for reactions between copper-iron redox pairs and surface hydroxyl groups, leading to a synergistic Fenton-like system accelerated by MW irradiation. In the CuFeO2 initiated Fenton-like reactions, several oxidant species (i.e., OH, O2 −, electron hole, and FeIV O) responsible to the OG oxidation were identified by quenching experiments, showing the MW generated high temperature and “hot spots” enhanced the yield of OH by generation of electron-hole pairs. Further, the 26 detected degradation products confirmed the OH dominant oxidation of OG. This study shows that the MW-enhanced Fenton-like reaction using CuFeO2 has potential applications for rapid decolorization of dye effluent.

This study developed a method to perform the simultaneous determination of 58 (ultra) trace human and veterinary drugs in river water. The analytes included 24 steroid hormones, 22 sulfonamides and 12 quinolones. The easy-to-handle magnetic dispersive solid-phase extraction (Mag-dSPE) procedure was performed using three-dimensional interconnected magnetic chemically modified graphene oxide (3D-Mag-CMGO) as the adsorbent, and an enrichment factor of 100 times was obtained. Under the optimal conditions, the results showed higher extraction capacity of 3D-Mag-CMGO with recoveries between 78.0 and 109%. The limits of quantification (LOQs) for 58 (ultra) trace analytes are in the range of 0.10–2.09 ng L−1. Validation results on linearity, specificity, accuracy, and precision, as well as the application to the analysis of 58 (ultra) trace analytes in ten real samples demonstrated the applicability to environment monitoring analysis.

In this paper, a monodisperse, well-defined core–shell magnetic molecularly-imprinted polymer (MD-CS-MMIP) was controllably synthesized via modified precipitation polymerization and used as a magnetic solid-phase extraction adsorbent for the simultaneous determination of six trace mycotoxins in rice samples. The as-prepared MD-CS-MMIP was fully characterized by SEM, TEM, XRD, and TG-DTG. This study is particularly concerned with the influence of the amount of oleic acid used for MD-CS-MMIP synthesis on the material morphology, components, and adsorption efficiency. The results reveal that the modification of oleic acid on the Fe3O4 surface could improve the monodispersion of core–shell MD-CS-MMIP. Moreover, MD-CS-MMIP was used as a magnetic solid-phase extraction adsorbent for the determination of six mycotoxin residues in rice samples, and the adsorption and desorption conditions of MD-CS-MMIP toward mycotoxins were optimized to obtain the highest adsorption capacity, selectivity, and desorption efficiency. Under optimal conditions, the limits of quantitation (LOQs) of the developed method toward the six mycotoxins range from 0.003 μg kg−1 to 0.01 μg kg−1. The developed method was successfully used for the determination of mycotoxins in rice samples, with recoveries in the range of 86.3 to 103.1%.

In China, air pollution is getting worse, and the adverse effect of formaldehyde on human health has been attracting more and more attention. The present work proposes a novel, fast and sensitive analytical method for the determination of formaldehyde in the air of public places. This method was based on the determination of the 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinone hydrazone (MBTH)–formaldehyde condensation product of the derivatization between formaldehyde and MBTH. The actual formaldehyde concentration in air was determined by leading the test atmosphere through a bubble absorption tube containing the MBTH absorption solution and subsequent liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. Recoveries of spiked formaldehyde samples were in the range of 92.2–106% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) less than 5.0%. The limit of detection (LOD) of formaldehyde in air samples was 0.05 μg m−3, which was much lower than that of the state standard method of China for the determination of formaldehyde in the air of public places (5.6 μg m−3). The satisfactory validation results and the application to the analysis of formaldehyde in the air of a hotel and subway station demonstrated the applicability to air quality monitoring analysis.

A new facile, rapid, inexpensive, and sensitive method for the analysis of six trace trichlorophenols in seawater samples was developed by magnetic micro-solid-phase extraction coupled to liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Core-shell covalently functionalized ferroferric oxide coated with aminated silicon dioxide and decorated with multiwalled carbon nanotubes was applied as an adsorbent to perform the extraction process. The effect of factors including solution pH, contact time, adsorbent amount, and ionic strength were investigated in detail. The obtained results revealed that the proposed adsorbent was a highly effective and low-cost magnetic micro-solid-phase extraction material for the enrichment of 2,3,4-trichlorophenol, 2,3,5-trichlorophenol, 2,3,6-trichlorophenol, 2,4,5-trichlorophenol, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, and 3,4,5-trichlorophenol from seawater. Under the optimized conditions, the recoveries ranged from 88.0 to 99.5% at the three spiking levels, the limits of detection and the limits of quantification were 0.002 and 0.007 μg/L for the six trichlorophenols, respectively. The intra- and interday relative standard deviations were 2.0-6.7 and 4.5-8.9%, respectively. The calibration curves showed a good linearity in the range of 0.02-5.0 μg/L. The routine run analyses showed that the developed method was fast, simple, accurate, solvent-saving and high resolution, and it was suitable for the determination of trace trichlorophenols in seawater.

The objectives of this study were to determine the suitability of total serum lipid (TSL) concentrations, which were calculated by three different formulae, for pregnant women and to optimize the improved matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) method. The results showed that the TSL predicted by the three formulae were significantly correlated to our measured values (sums of the total cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids contents). In particular, one of formulae was the most statistically suitable for pregnant women. Meanwhile, an improved MSPD method was developed to extract 22 POPs. The developed MSPD method was compared with SPE and EPA (8081 & 8082) to evaluate the performance of each extract method. The method validation showed that the results obtained using the improved MSPD method were closest to the actual concentration (adjusted by lipids), and the dispersion of the data was minimal.

A novel magnetic metal-organic framework composite was prepared by a self-assembly approach. The material properties were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry, thermogravimetry and differential thermogravimetric analysis, and X-photoelectron spectroscopy. Then, the as-prepared material was used as an adsorbent and indicated great enrichment ability toward glyphosate, glufosinate, bialaphos, and their main metabolites aminomethylphosphonic acid and 3-methylphosphinicopropionic acid. Based on this, an efficient magnetic solid-phase extraction method combined with ultra high performance liquid chromatography with high-resolution mass spectrometry for the pretreatment and determination of five target compounds in environmental waters was established. Parameters that could impact on the adsorption performance had been studied in detail. The proposed method was successfully applied for the simultaneous determination of glyphosate, glufosinate, bialaphos, and their main metabolites aminomethylphosphonic acid and 3-methylphosphinicopropionic acid in environmental water with recoveries in range of 86.2-104.6% with relative standard deviations less than 10%. Desired linearity was achieved varying from 1 to 100 μg/L for five target analytes, respectively. The limits of detection were between 0.01 and 0.03 μg/L.

A novel triethylenetetramine-functionalized magnetic graphene oxide composite was prepared and used as a magnetic solid-phase extraction adsorbent for the fast detection of ten trace-level phenolic environmental estrogens in environmental water. The synthesized material was carefully characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to confirm the structure and components. The adsorption and desorption conditions of the adsorbent toward phenolic environmental estrogens were optimized in detailed to obtain the best extraction recovery and elution efficiency. Under the optimum conditions, the limits of detection of the method for ten phenolic environmental estrogens were in range of 0.15-1.5 ng/L, which was lower than the reported methods for phenolic environmental estrogens detection in literatures. This could be contributed to the unique structure and property of the as-prepared material. The developed method was successfully applied for the determination of environmental water samples with recoveries ranging from 88.5 to 105.6%.

The present work demonstrates the application of the combination of hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) and the heterogeneous Fenton process (HF, Fe(0)/H2O2) for the decolorization of azo dye Orange G (OG). The effects of main affecting operation conditions such as the inlet fluid pressure, initial concentration of OG, H2O2 and zero valent iron (ZVI), the fixed position of ZVI, and medium pH on decolorization efficiency were discussed with guidelines for selection of optimum parameters. The results revealed that the acidic conditions are preferred for OG decolorizaiton. The decolorization rate increased with increasing H2O2 and ZVI concentration and decreased with increasing OG initial concentration. Besides, the decolorization rate was strongly dependent on the fixed position of ZVI. The analysis results of degradation products using liquid chromatography-ESI-TOF mass spectrometry revealed that the degradation mechanism of OG proceeds mainly via reductive cleavage of the azo linkage due to the attack of hydroxyl radical. The present work has conclusively established that the combination of HC and HF can be more energy efficient and gives higher decolorization rate of OG as compared with HC and HF alone.

Microcystins (MCs), a group of cyclic heptapeptide heaptoxins and tumor promoters, are generated by cyanobacteria occurring in surface waters, such as eutrophic lakes, rivers, and reservoirs. In this present study, a novel double-sided magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer modified graphene oxide (DS-MMIP@GO) based magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) method was developed for fast, effective and selective enrichment, and recognition of trace MCs in environmental water samples combined with high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The synthesized novel DS-MMIP@GO was used as the adsorbents in this work and was carefully characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Raman spectra. The adsorption and desorption conditions of DS-MMIP@GO toward MCs were optimized in detail to obtain the highest binding capacity, selectivity, and release efficiency. Under the optimum conditions, the enrichment factors of the method for eight target MCs were found to be 2000. The limits of quantitation (LOQs) of the method for eight MCs were in range of 0.1-2.0ngL(-1). The double-sided MMIP modified structure provided DS-MMIP@GO with abundant adsorption sites and permitted it to exhibit excellent enrichment and selectivity toward trace-level MCs. The proposed method was successfully applied for the analysis of environmental water samples with recoveries ranging from 84.1 to 98.2%. Compared to conventional methods for MCs detection reported in literatures, the one developed in this work based on DS-MMIP@GO and LC-MS/MS showed much faster, more sensitive, and more convenient.

Background: In order to search for effective control and prevention measures, the status of metal pollution in Ningbo, China was investigated. Methods: Nine of the most common contaminating metals including lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), and mercury (Hg) in samples of vegetables, rice, soil, irrigation water, and human hair were detected using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Three different districts including industrial, suburban and rural areas in Ningbo were studied through a stratified random sample method. Results: (1) Among all of the detected vegetable samples, Cd exceeded the standard limit rates in industrial, suburban and rural areas as high as 43.9%, 27.5% and 5.0%, respectively; indicating the severity of Cd pollution in Ningbo. (2) The pollution index (PI) of Cd and Zn in soil (1.069, 1.584, respectively) suggests that soil is slightly polluted by Cd and Zn. Among all samples, metal contamination levels in soil were all relatively high. (3) A positive correlation was found between the concentrations of Pb, Cd and Cu in vegetables and soil; Pb, Cu, Cr and Ni in vegetables and irrigation water, as well as, Cu and Ni in rice and irrigation water; and, (4) Higher Pb and Cd concentrations were found in student scalp hair in both industrial and suburban areas compared to rural areas. (5) Hg and Pb that are found in human scalp hair may be more easily absorbed from food than any of the other metals. Conclusions: In general, certain harmful metal pollutions were detected in both industrial and suburban areas of Ningbo in China.

An in situ controllable approach for fabrication of a well-designed graphene oxide-based ternary magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer hybrid (T-MMIP hybrid) was developed. The GO sheet was firstly modified with Fe3O4 microspheres via a one-pot solvothermal method to prepare GO-Fe3O4. Then, the synthesized GO-Fe3O4 was used as the desired substrate for further in situ co-polymerization in the presence of a functional monomer (acrylamide, AM), cross-linking agent (divinylbenzene, DVB), and template molecule (microcystin-LR, MC-LR), followed by elution of the template molecule. The morphologies and structures of the T-MMIP hybrid were verified by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), vibrating sample magnetometer analysis (VSM), thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis (BET), and fluorescence spectroscopy. The obtained T-MMIP hybrid showed an outstanding affinity towards eight similar structural microcystins (MC-RR, MC-YR, MC-LR, MC-LW, MC-LY, MC-LA, MC-LF, and MC-WR) in aqueous solution under the optimum conditions, and the enrichment factors of this material for the eight MCs were found to be above 2000. Compared with the literature, it showed that the synthesized T-MMIP hybrid binding with the optimal original template MC-LR had a significant improvement on the affinity and selectivity for a group of structurally related compounds.

In this work, a reliable, accurate, and sensitive method based on a simple extraction with trichloroacetic acid at 5% and a clean-up step by means of a Strata-X SPE cartridge prior to the analysis of 14 biogenic amines (BAs) and metabolites by ultra-fast liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry (UFLC-MS/MS) was developed. The 14 BAs and metabolites could be separated by using a LC column under conditions of gradient elution within 6.0 min and simultaneously determined without interference from contaminants in biological samples. The results showed that the Strata-X SPE cartridge used in this method is more effective than C18 SPE and HLB SPE cartridges for cleanup of BAs and metabolites in bullfrog blood. The obtained results demonstrated the higher extraction capacity of the Strata-X SPE cartridge with recoveries between 73.2 and 102%. The limits of quantification for the 14 BAs and metabolites ranged from 0.20–34.3 μg L−1. The developed Strata-X cartridge SPE UFLC-MS/MS method had been successfully applied to 15 real samples, and it was confirmed that the Strata-X SPE cartridge was highly effective for clean-up of BAs and metabolites.

A novel fluoroquinolone molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) on the surface of ethylenediamine-functionalized magnetic carbon nanotubes (EDA@Mag-CNTs–MIP) was synthesised. The properties of the EDA@Mag-CNTs–MIP were characterized by using a transmission electron microscope (TEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). With using EDA@Mag-CNTs–MIP as the adsorbent, a simple and sensitive method based on the use of a magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer matrix solid phase dispersion extraction (Mag-MIP-MSPD) procedure combined with ultra-fast liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry (UFLC-MS/MS) was developed to determine 12 fluoroquinolones in river water. Fluoroquinolones adsorbed with EDA@Mag-CNTs–MIP could be simply and rapidly isolated through a magnetic field, and the main factors, i.e., the pH value and sample volume, affecting the extraction were investigated in detail. Under optimal experimental conditions, the enhancement factor of the Mag-MIP-MSPD procedure was 100 times. The obtained results demonstrated the higher extraction capacity of EDA@Mag-CNTs–MIP with recoveries between 80.2 and 116%. The limits of quantification (LOQs) for the fluoroquinolones were between 0.26 and 1.78 ng L−1. The developed Mag-MIP-MSPD UFLC-MS/MS method had been successfully applied to sixty real samples, and it was confirmed that the EDA@Mag-CNTs–MIP was a kind of highly effective Mag-MIP-MSPD material for fluoroquinolone analyses.

In this study, novel benzenesulfonic acid groups modified magnetic microspheres (Fe3O4@SiO2@poly(4-VB)) were synthesized and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The as-prepared Fe3O4@SiO2@poly(4-VB) was employed as a magnetic-phase extraction (MSPE) adsorbent for rapid determination of paraquat (PQ) and diquat (DQ) in human urine samples coupled with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-HRMS). Moreover, this paper had expounded systematically the mass spectrum cracking mechanisms of PQ and DQ. And a zwitterionic functionalized SIELC Obelisc R column was employed for separation and retention of the above two polar herbicides using 50 mmol/L ammonium formate (pH = 3.7)-acetonitrile as the mobile phase. Besides, the adsorption and desorption conditions of Fe3O4@SiO2@poly(4-VB) toward PQ and DQ were optimized in spiking urine samples to obtain the best adsorption and desorption efficiencies. And the adsorption mechanisms of Fe3O4@SiO2@poly(4-VB) toward PQ and DQ referred to synergetic effect of electrostatic attraction and π-π interaction. Under the optimal conditions, the inter-day and intra-day spiking recoveries of the proposed method were in the range of 86.7–109.9% with RSDs less than 10%. The limits of detection (LODs) were obtained by spiking in blank urine samples at a series of low concentrations and were found to be 0.12 μg/L and 0.14 μg/L for PQ and DQ, respectively, which were lower than the comparing literatures. The developed analytical method was proven to be simple, rapid, sensitive, and accurate for clinical poisoning analysis.

A novel core–shell covalently functionalized Fe 3 O 4 coated SiO 2 decorated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 –MWCNTs) adsorbent was synthesized and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrum (FTIR), Thermogravimetry, X-ray diffraction and magnetic measurements. The pentachlorophenol (PCP) adsorption effect factors of initial concentration, contact time, solution pH and temperature were investigated in detail. It was found the absorption capacity was strongly depended on pH, and the maximum adsorption value for PCP (96.4 mg/g) was obtained at pH 2.5. The equilibrium was attained within 30 min, and the adsorption kinetics was better described by pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The data pointed out excellent fit to Freundlich isotherm model. Thermodynamic parameters such as standard enthalpy (Δ H θ ), standard entropy (Δ S θ ) and standard free energy (Δ G θ ) showed that the adsorption of PCP onto Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 –MWCNTs was spontaneous, endothermic and random within the temperature range of 288–318 K. The results indicate that the Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 –MWCNTs adsorbent is a potential low-cost effective material for PCP removal from contaminated wastewater.

A novel planar-structure amine-functional magnetic polymer modified graphene oxide nanocomposite (NH2-MP@GO) was synthesized. The properties were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR). The obtained adsorption results showed that the NH2-MP@GO had great adsorptive ability toward five chlorophenols (CPs), including 2-chlorophenol (2-CP), 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP), 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP), 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol (2,3,4,6-TeCP) and pentachlorophenol (PCP). Based on these, an effective magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) procedure coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for the preconcentration and determination of the five CPs in environmental water samples was developed. Various experimental parameters that could affect the extraction efficiencies had been investigated in detail. Under the optimum conditions, the enrichment factors of the method for the target CPs were found to be 1000. The proposed method was successfully applied for the analysis of environmental water samples with recoveries ranging from 86.4 to 99.8% with correlation coefficients (R) higher than 0.9994. Good linearities were obtained ranging from 10 to 500ng/L for 2-CP, 5 to 500ng/L for 2,4-DCP, 2 to 500ng/L for 2,4,6-TeCP and 2,3,4,6-TeCP, and 1 to 500ng/L for PCP, respectively. The limits of quantitation for the five CPs were 0.6-9.2ng/L. It was confirmed that the planar-structure NH2-MP@GO was a kind of highly effective MSPE materials used for the trace CPs analyses.

A novel amphiphilic polymeric ionic liquid membrane containing a hydrophilic bromide anion and a hydrophobic carbonyl group was synthesized in dimethylformamide (DMF) systems using the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-vinylimidazolium bromide (BVImBr) and the methylmethacrylate (MMA) as monomers. The prepared amphiphilic ploy-methylmethacrylate-1-butyl-3-vinylimidazolium bromide (MMA-BVImBr) was characterized by a scanning electron microscope and an infrared spectrum instrument. The results of solid-phase micro-extraction membrane (SPMM) experiments showed that the adsorption capacity of membrane was about 0.76μgμg(-1) for aniline. Based on this, a sensitive method for the determination of trace aniline, as a degradation product of azo dye Orange G under sonication, was developed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The calibration curve showed a good linearity ranging from 0.5 to 10.0μgL(-1) with a correlation coefficient value of 0.9998. The limit of quantification was 0.5μgL(-1). The recoveries ranged from 90.6% to 96.1%. The intra- and inter-day relative standard deviations were less than 8.3% and 10.9%. The developed SPMM-LC-MS/MS method was used successfully for preconcentration of trace aniline produced during the sonication of Orange G solution.

a b s t r a c t A novel, simple and sensitive method was developed for the simultaneous determination of 22 sulfona- mides (SAs) in chicken breast muscle by using the dispersive micro-solid-phase extraction (d-� -SPE) procedure combined with ultra-fast liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry (UFLC-MS/MS). The excellent core-shell nanoring amino-functionalized superparamagnetic molecularly imprinted polymer (CS-NR-Mag-MIP) was used as sorbent, and the main factors affecting the extraction efficiency were investigated in detail. All target compounds showed good linearities in the tested range with correlation coefficients (r) higher than 0.9980. The mean recoveries were in the range of 85.0-112.2% at low, medium and high concentration levels (0.1, 1.0 and 5.0 ng/g). The intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviations (RSDs) were lower than 6.0% and 8.9%, respectively. The limits of quantification for the 22 SAs were between 0.013 and 0.099 ng/g. The developed d-� -SPE-UFLC-MS/MS method had been successfully applied to the chicken breast muscle samples for food-safety risk monitoring in Zhejiang Province, China. The results showed sulfamethazine, sulfamethoxazole and sulfaquinoxaline in five out of three hundred collected samples were detected with concentrations of 0.418-2.28, 16.4 and 2.93 ng/g, respectively. It was confirmed that the CS-NR-Mag-MIP was a kind of highly effective d-� -SPE materials used for the SAs analyses.

A novel, simple and sensitive method based on the use of magnetic dispersive solid-phase extraction (M-dSPE) procedure combined with ultra-fast liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry (UFLC–MS/MS) was developed to determine seven synthetic pigments (tartrazine, amaranth, carmine, sunset yellow, allura red, brilliant blue and erythrosine) in wines and soft drinks. An amino-functionalized low degrees of cross-linking magnetic polymer (NH 2 -LDC-MP) was synthesized via suspension polymerization, and characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The NH 2 -LDC-MP was used as the M-dSPE sorbent to remove the matrix from the solution, and the main factors affecting the extraction were investigated in detail. The obtained results demonstrated the higher extraction capacity of NH 2 -LDC-MP with recoveries between 84.0 and 116.2%. The limits of quantification (LOQs) for the seven synthetic pigments were between 1.51 and 5.0 μg/L in wines and soft drinks. The developed M-dSPE UFLC–MS/MS method had been successfully applied to the real wines and soft drinks for food-safety risk monitoring in Zhejiang Province, China. The results showed that sunset yellow was in three out of thirty soft drink samples (2.95–42.6 μg/L), and erythrosine in one out of fifteen dry red wine samples (3.22 μg/L), respectively. It was confirmed that the NH 2 -LDC-MP was a kind of highly effective M-dSPE materials for the pigments analyses.

An ionic liquid-based ultrasonic-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (IL-USA-DLLME) method was proposed for highly effective extraction of trace bromadiolone and brodifacoum in environmental water samples. The ionic liquid, 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [C6mim][PF6] was quickly disrupted by ultrasonication and dispersed in water as fine droplets. At this stage, the analytes were extracted into the fine ionic liquid droplets. After centrifugation, the concentration of the enriched rodenticides in the sedimented phase was determined. Extraction conditions including extraction solvent, dispersive solvent volume, pH, ultrasonic time and centrifugation time were investigated thoroughly. Compared with the conventional solvent extraction, the proposed approach exhibited higher efficiency, which indicated the IL-USA-DLLME method was an efficient, rapid and simple sample preparation technique. Under optimized extraction conditions, the enrichment factors were up to 122–137 times, achieving the limits of quantitation, which based on the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of 10 were 0.005 μg L−1 for both. The linearities for both analytes were in the range of 0.005–1.0 μg L−1 with a correlation coefficient >0.999, and the recoveries were between 88.8–98.3% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) between 1.1% and 9.3%. The proposed method shows high reproducibility, and it is suitable for analysis of trace bromadiolone and brodifacoum in environmental water samples.

Correction for ‘Controlled synthesis of pentachlorophenol-imprinted polymers on the surface of magnetic graphene oxide for highly selective adsorption’ by Sheng-Dong Pan et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2014, 2, 15345–15356.

A novel, simple and sensitive method was developed for the simultaneous determination of eight phenolic environmental estrogens in blood by using the dispersive micro-solid-phase extraction (d-µ-SPE) procedure combined with ultra-fast liquid chromatography–tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry (UFLC–MS/MS). The excellent nanomaterials tetraethylenepentamine-functionalized magnetic polymer was used as an adsorbent, and the main factors affecting the extraction efficiency were investigated in detail. All target compounds showed good linearities in the tested range with correlation coefficients (r) higher than 0.999. The mean recoveries were in the range of 85.0–105.0%. The intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviations (RSDs) were lower than 4.9% and 5.2%, respectively. The limits of quantification for the eight phenolic environmental estrogens were between 0.075 and 0.42 µg L−1. The developed method can be applied to the routine analyses for the determination of the eight phenolic environmental estrogens in blood samples.

Wilforidine is a potentially efficient medicine to cure autoimmune diseases. In this paper, a sensitive and selective liquid chromatographic method coupled with atmospheric -pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (LC–APCI–MS/MS) has been developed for quantification of wilforidine in human plasma. Samples were deproteinized with acetonitrile and cleaned by solid-phase extraction. The chromatographic separation was performed on an analytical RRHD C18 column (50 × 2.1 mm) using ammonium acetate solution (10.0 mmol L−1)/acetonitrile (30/70, v/v) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.7 mL min−1. Detection was carried out by the positive multiple reaction monitoring mode with transitions of m/z 780 → 684 for wilforidine, and 646 → 586 for aconitine (internal standard), respectively. The calibration curve was linear (r = 0.9991) in the concentration range of 0.5–100.0 μg L−1 with a lower limit of quantification of 0.5 μg L−1 in plasma. Intra- and inter-day relative standard deviations were less than 6.8 and 13.1 %, respectively, and the recoveries were between 88.0 and 96.0 %. This accurate and highly specific assay provides a useful method for evaluating the pharmacokinetics of wilforidine in human plasma.

A novel and effective dispersive solid-phase extraction (dSPE) procedure using tetraethylenepentamine-functionalized Fe 3 O 4 magnetic polymer (TEPA-MP) as an efficient adsorbent for cleaning up the matrix in wine was developed. Based on this, a simple and rapid analytical method for the simultaneous determination of nine food additives (i.e., acesulfame, saccharin, caffeine, aspartame, benzoic acid, sorbic acid, stevioside, dehydroacetic acid and neotame) in wine by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) with an ultraviolet (UV) detector was established. The results showed that the recoveries of the acidic food additives (p K a r 2 ) higher than 0.9991. The limits of quantification (LOQs) for the nine food additives were between 0.17 and 0.92 mg/L. The developed method was successfully applied to the wine samples, and it was confirmed that the TEPA-MP particles were highly effective dSPE materials.

A novel liquid chromatography-atmospheric-pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometry (LC-APCI/MS) method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of four sesquiterpene pyridine alkaloids (wilfortrine, wilfordine, wilforgine and wilforine) in human plasma. The chromatographic separation was performed on a Shim-pack XR-ODS column using an ammonium acetate buffer solution-acetonitrile in a gradient program. The detection was achieved by an ion trap mass spectrometry in the positive selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode. The method utilized acetonitrile as protein precipitation solvent and followed by solid-phase extraction (SPE). Calibration curves were linear for the four alkaloids over the range of 0.5-100.0 μg/L with the limits of quantification of 0.5 μg/L, while the method exhibited the recovery of 86.5-98.6%, intra- and inter-day RSDs of less than 8.2% and 12.8%, respectively. Methodology was validated in line with the EU requirements (Commission Decision 2002/657/EC). Results of incurred samples demonstrated excellent reproducibility. To our knowledge, this is the first analytical method for simultaneous determination of the four sesquiterpene pyridine alkaloids in plasma. The method was applicable to clinical pharmaceutical research of alkaloids in rheumatoid arthritis volunteer patients after oral administrations.

In this paper, seven new sonolytic degradation products of Orange G were found and identified using powerful analytical techniques such as liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS), tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), and liquid chromatography with diode-array detection (LC-DAD). Each technique provided complementary information for the degradation products identification. In order to resolve the MS and MS/MS spectra obtained, the separation conditions were optimized. Among them, Orange G was unambiguously identified based on its abundant [M-H](-) ion, [M+H](+) ion, ultra-violet and visible spectra, retention time, and tandem mass spectrometric analysis compared with an authentic standard. The seven new degradation products were tentatively identified based on ultra-violet and visible spectra, [M-H](-) ions, and tandem mass spectrometry. The neutral losses of SO(2), SO(3), N(2) and H(2)O for MS/MS spectra which appear to be characteristic of the negative ion mode were observed. Based on this by-product identification, a possible multi-step degradation scheme is proposed. The analysis results of degradation products reveal that the degradation mechanism proceeds via reductive cleavage of the azo linkage, as well as intermolecular dehydration and desulfonation due to the powerful oxidizing hydroxyl radicals as well as hydrogen radical.

Chlorophacinone (CPN) is an extensively used anticoagulant rodenticide in China. A simple, rapid, and sensitive method is necessary for the determination of CPN in clinical emergency rescue. In this study, a novel fluorimetric method for the determination of CPN in human serum was developed. This proposed method is based on luminescence produced by a formation of a ternary CPN–europium– dl -histidine complex system. The fluorescence intensity was enhanced by adding yttrium and polyvinylpyrrolidone colloid-type suspension at pH 9.0. All of the important methodological achievements, such as working wavelengths, pH for optimal yttrium fluorescence enhancement, and the method recovery, limit of detection, limit of quantification, and relative standard deviation together with its linearity range, are discussed in detail. The developed method was successful in the determination of CPN in actual human serum in both clinical and forensic specimens. In comparison with the liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method, this method is fast, simple, and less expensive.

A new analytical method is proposed for simultaneous determination of twenty organic acids in juices and beverages by eluent generator reagent free ion chromatography with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI–MS) in the negative selected ion monitoring mode (SIM). Twenty organic acids showed good linear relationship in the ranges of 0.5 ∼ 20.0 mg/L. The correlation coefficients were more than 0.998, the detection limits were between 0.05 ∼ 0.5 mg/L, and the average recoveries were between 88.0% ∼ 106.0%. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) were less than 7.6%. The method has been applied to juice and beverage samples with satisfactory results.

This paper describes a simple method for the simultaneous determination and confirmation of the indandione rodenticides in serum. After samples were extracted with 10% (v/v) methanol in acetonitrile and cleaned by solid-phase extraction, chromatographic separation was performed on an IonPac® AS11 analytical column (250 × 4.0 mm) using gradient KOH eluent with 10% (v/v) methanol as organic modifier. Confirmation was depended on the extensive fragmentation of the indandione molecule under MS/MS conditions which provides sufficient structural information. Quantification was performed by negative electrospray ionization in multiple reaction monitoring mode. All the method parameters were validated. It was confirmed that this method could be used in clinical diagnosis and forensic toxicology. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Pindone is a highly effective anticoagulant rodenticide. In this paper, an improved assay for the analysis and confirmation of pindone in human plasma has been proposed. After the samples protein precipitation with 10% (v/v) methanol in acetonitrile and cleaning with solid-phase extraction, the separation was carried out on an IonPac AS11-HC analytical column (250 mm × 2 mm) using 20 mmol L−1 KOH containing 10% (v/v) methanol as organic modifier by eluent generator reagent free ion chromatography. Quantification was performed by a negative electrospray ionization ion trap mass spectrometry using diphacinone as an internal standard. The transition for quantitative analysis was m/z 229 → 172, and for qualitative analysis were m/z 229 → 145 and m/z 229 → 214 for pindone. The transition for quantitative analysis was m/z 339 → 167 for IS. The limit of detection, the limit of quantification, recovery, linearity, precision, and stability were well validated. The cracking approach of characteristic fragments for pindone and IS were proposed. It was confirmed that this method could be used in clinical diagnosis and forensic toxicology analysis.

Valone has a chronic and toxic anticoagulant rodenticide that has widely used in China and has resulted in some accidental and intentional intoxication in recent years. The literature reported so far lacks sensitive and selective method for the confirmation of valone. The purpose of this study was to establish a novel assay for the identification and quantification of valone in serum by ion chromatography–electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (IC–MS/MS). After serum sample was extracted with methanol/acetonitrile (10:90, v/v) and cleaned by Oasis ® HLB solid-phase extraction cartridge, chromatographic separation was performed on an Ionpac ® AS11 column with an eluent of methanol/30 mmol/L KOH (10:90, v/v). The overall extraction efficiency was >81.0%, and the limit of quantification was 0.5 ng/mL for valone. Regression analysis of the calibration data revealed good correlation ( r 2 > 0.99) for valone. Intra- and inter-day precisions for quality-control samples were less than 8.0 and 13.7%, respectively. The proposed method enables the identification and quantification of valone in both clinical and forensic specimens.

An accurate and selective method for the simultaneous determination of triptolide, tripdiolide and tripterine in human urine using hydrocortisone as an internal standard (IS) by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with atmospheric-pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry in negative ion mode has been developed. After triptolide, tripdiolide and tripterine in human urine were extracted with ethyl acetate and cleaned by solid-phase extraction with C(18) cartridges, a satisfactory separation was achieved on an XDB C(18) short column (30 x 2.1 mm i.d., 3 microm) using the mobile phase of acetic acid-ammonium acetate (5 mmol/L, pH = 4.5)-acetonitrile-methanol in gradient elution. Detection was operated by APCI in selected ion monitoring mode. The target ions m/z 359, m/z 375, m/z 449 and m/z 419 were selected for the quantification of triptolide, tripdiolide, tripterine and IS, respectively. The linear range was 1.0-100.0 ng mL(-1), and the limits of quantification in human urine were found to be 0.1-0.5 ng mL(-1) for the three compounds. The precisions (CV%) and accuracies were 6.6-12.9 and 85.1-97.0%, respectively. The developed method could be applied to the determination of triptolide, tripdiolide and tripterine in human urine for diagnosis of the intoxication and for forensic purposes.

A sensitive method has been developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of triptolide, tripdiolide, and tripterine in human serum using hydrocortisone as an internal standard (IS). After triptolide, tripdiolide, and tripterine in human serum were extracted with ethyl acetate, the extracts were separated on an XDB C(18) column (30 mm x 2.1-mm i.d., 3 microm) using a mobile phase of acetic acid/ammonium acetate (5 mmol/L, pH 4.5)/acetonitrile/methanol in gradient elution. Detection was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with atmospheric-pressure chemical ionization ion trap mass spectrometry in negative multiple reaction monitoring mode. The transition ions m/z 359 --340, m/z 375 --357, m/z 449 --405, and m/z 419 --329 were selected for the quantification of triptolide, tripdiolide, tripterine, and IS, respectively. The linear range was 1.0-100.0 ng/mL, the absolute recoveries were between 78.3 and 89.2%, the relative recoveries were between 88.1 and 94.6%, and the limits of quantification in human serum were 0.5-1.0 ng/mL for the three target compounds. The intra- and interday relative standard deviations were less than 11.9% and 13.0%, respectively. This method was found to effectively and simultaneously determine trace triptolide, tripdiolide, and tripterine in human serum and can be suitable for clinical and toxicological studies.

A simple and rapid method has been developed and validated for the determination of seventeen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in natural tocopherol products. Samples were dissolved in n-hexane, cleaned by an alumina column, and separated and determined by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection. The recoveries were greater than 77.9%, except for the lowest molecular weight PAHs (Na, 1-Me, 2-Me, AC, F) which were between 15.9% and 75.8%. The limits of quantification were less than 0.38ng/g for the heavy PAHs and less than 1.50ng/g for the light PAHs. Good repeatabilities were achieved with RSD less than 10.7% for all the objective compounds. This method has been applied to evaluating PAHs contents in various natural tocopherol products and controlling natural tocopherol product quality.

A high-performance liquid chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometric (HPLC-MS-MS) method was developed and validated to determine simultaneously coumafuryl and coumateralyl in animal tissues using warfarin as an internal standard (IS). Animal tissue samples were extracted with ethyl acetate and cleaned by Oasis HLB solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridges. After pretreatment, the separation was performed on a XDB C18 column with an isocratic mobile phase of acetic acid-ammonium acetate (5 mmol l(-1), pH = 4.5)/methanol (30:70, v/v). Detection was carried out on a mass spectrometer by negative electrospray ionization (ESI) in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. The calibration curves were linear (r(2) > 0.998) in the concentration range 0.75-100.0 ng g(-1) with a lower limit of quantification of 0.75 ng g(-1) for coumafuryl, and 0.5 ng g(-1) for coumateralyl in liver and kidney samples. Intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviations (RSDs) were less than 8.6% and 10.9%, respectively. Recoveries of coumafuryl and coumateralyl were in the range 81.5-89.5%. The developed assay has been applied to the determination of trace residues of coumafuryl and coumateralyl in animal tissues to investigate suspected poisoning of human and animals.

A high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) method was developed for preparative isolation and purification of alkaloids from Tripterygium Wilfordii Hook F . Preparative HSCCC with a two-phase solvent system composed of petroleum ether–ethyl acetate–ethanol–water (6:4:5:8, v/v/v/v). The organic phase was used as the stationary phase of HSCCC, and the aqueous phase as the mobile phase. Seven hundred milligrams total alkaloids yielded 210 mg of wilfortrine, 90 mg of wilfordine, 220 mg of wilforgine and 100 mg of wilforine, with the purity of 90.3%, 92%, 99.5% and 93.5% in one step separation, respectively.

A rapid and sensitive method has been developed and validated to determine 6-benzyladenine (6-BA) residues in bean sprout using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization ion trap tandem mass spectrometry. Liquid–liquid extraction, using acidified methanol, was used to isolate 6-BA from the sample matrix. The separation was carried out on a Zorbax SB C18 column (150 mm × 4.6 mm i.d., 5 μm) with 0.1% acetic acid/methanol (25:75 v/v) as mobile phase in isocratic mode. The quantitation of 6-BA was based on fragmentation of the molecular ion at m/z 226.1 to a product ion at m/z 91.1. In addition, the recoveries of three extraction solvents by ultrasound extraction and conventional extraction method were compared, and it was found that acidified methanol as the extraction solvent was the best. The calibration curve was linear (r2 > 0.997) in the concentration range of 0.04–10.0 ng mL−1 with a lower limit of quantification of 0.5 ng g−1 for 6-BA in bean sprout. Intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviations (RSDs) were less than 7.1 and 9.8%. Recoveries of 6-BA were between 85.0 and 88.5%. This assay has been successfully applied to the determination of trace 6-BA residues in bean sprout and monitoring the market in Ningbo, China.

A rapid high-performance liquid chromatographic method with electrospray mass spectrometric detection has been developed for determination of soyasaponins in hypocotyls. Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) was used to prepare the sample, because it was simpler and more effective than conventional extraction methods for extraction of soyasaponins from soybean hypocotyls using methanol, ethanol, or acetonitrile as solvents. Maximum yields of total or individual soyasaponins extracted by UAE were highly dependent on the extraction solvent and on the operating conditions. The maximum amount of total soyasaponins was extracted by use of 40% ethanol in water. The effects of extraction temperature and time were also investigated, and the stability of soyasaponins during UAE was examined. Soyasaponins could be extracted without decomposition from soybean hypocotyls by three-fold UAE with 40% ethanol at 25 °C for 20 min. The calibration plot was linear (r 2 > 0.991) in the concentration range 0.01–1.0 mg L−1 for each soyasaponin, with a lower limit of quantification less than 4.0 ng m L−1. Intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviations (RSD) were less than 9.2 and 13.1%, respectively. The method was applied to routine analysis of soyasaponins in hypocotyls.

A novel analytical method was proposed for the rapidly simultaneous determination of nine mono-chlorophenols (MCPs) and di-chlorophenols (DCPs) in water samples using eluent generator ion chromatography (IC) coupled with an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (APCI-MS) in the negative mode. The IC separation was carried out on an IonPac® AS11 analytical column (250 mm × 4.0 mm) using gradient KOH containing 15% acetonitrile as organic modifier at a constant flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The molecular ions m/z [M − H]− 127 and 161 were selected for the quantification in selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode for MCPs and DCPs, respectively. The average recoveries were between 80.6% and 92.6%. Within-day and day-to-day relative standard deviations were less than 12.1% and 13.3%, respectively. The method allowed the nine objective compounds in water samples to be determined at μg/L levels. It was confirmed that this method could be used in routine analysis.

A novel core–shell nanoring amino-functionalized magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer (CS-NR-Mag-MIP) was synthesized by ultrasound-assisted suspension polymerization. CS-NR-Mag-MIP nanoparticles showed higher adsorption capacity, more specific selectivity, and faster binding ability than core–shell nanosphere amino-functionalized magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer (CS-NS-Mag-MIP) nanoparticles prepared by conventional mechanical agitation (CMA). The results indicate that CS-NR-Mag-MIP nanoparticles have promising potential for BPA enrichment and removal during water treatment operations.