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This article constructs a comprehensive new model of the contemporary class structure of Germany. More specifically, inspired by Pierre Bourdieu's geometric conception of class relations and drawing on original survey data, it adopts multiple correspondence analysis paired with cluster analysis to chart the German 'social space', that is, the relational configuration of key forms of capital. It then explores correspondences with occupational groups, ethnic groups, other demographic features, lifestyle practices and tastes. The results disclose specific structuring effects of German peculiarities on the distribution of social power, including East–West reunification and the long-running guestworker programme. More fundamentally, though, in its basic structure, the space resembles that mapped by Bourdieu in France and those documented by others elsewhere, suggesting common principles of social and symbolic differentiation among Western capitalist societies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dans cet article, nous cherchons à mettre en évidence la diversité des pratiques de sobriété et des représentations qui leur sont associées. Menée dans cinq pays européens (Allemagne, Danemark, Italie, France, Lettonie), notre enquête se base sur 90 entretiens menés avec des participants à des initiatives de sobriété et sur 50 entretiens menés avec des individus tirés au sort dans un échantillon représentatif de la population, scindés en deux classes en fonction de leur niveau de revenus. Nous montrons que les participants aux initiatives ont un rapport à la sobriété fondé sur la recherche d’alternatives (conversion), tandis qu’elle représente pour les ménages modestes un régime d’économie domestique (conservation), et pour les ménages à revenus élevés un souci d’amélioration de la performance énergétique (rationalisation). En conclusion, nous discutons l’impact socialement différencié des politiques d’injonction à la sobriété.

Commentaries on lived experiences of COVID-19-induced 'lockdown' have simultaneously directed public imaginations backwards to draw inspiration and fortitude from historical periods of national and global challenge, and forwards into futures characterised by greater environmental sensitivity and community resilience. In this article, we argue that individuals' and households' practical coping strategies from different phases of lockdown within the UK offer clues as to how adaptive embodiments of close connection – to nature and community – both inform contemporary practices of everyday resilience and signpost towards enablers of a more socially compassionate and environmentally sustainable future. Our novel approach to conceptualising post-COVID recovery draws on 'back-casting' – an approach which envisages pathways towards alternative, 'better' futures – to work back from the notion of sustainable lifestyles, through participants' narratives of coping in/with lockdown, to the forms of adaptation that provided solace and encouragement. We highlight how these embodied and emotional adaptations constitute a form of nascent 'neo-nostalgia' capable of reaching beyond the enabling of coping mechanisms in the present to inform long-lasting capacity for individual and community resilience in the face of future socio-environmental crises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of African Journal of Reproductive Health is the property of Women's Health & Action Research Centre and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of VertigO is the property of La Revue Electronique en Sciences de l'Environnement VertigO and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Social Science Information is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Omniprésente dans les politiques publiques et les discours relatifs à l’énergie, la notion de transition énergétique a encore été assez peu problématisée par les sciences sociales. Dans la lignée des travaux récents consacrés en majorité à des cas européens, cet article propose une analyse originale portant sur la question du changement des comportements et des modes de vie dans la transition énergétique au Japon. L’archipel constitue un terrain d’étude fécond parce que la notion de transition y a suscité des traductions variées et des interprétations concurrentes depuis l’accident de Fukushima de mars 2011, mais aussi parce que la trajectoire japonaise partage de nombreux points communs avec celles de l’Allemagne et de la France notamment. En outre, comme dans bien d’autres pays, si la nécessité de changer les comportements et les modes de vie fait consensus, les conceptions de ce changement sont largement différentes selon les acteurs. Après avoir examiné les divergences en la matière, cet article montre que la transition énergétique conduite par l’État japonais se caractérise par un fort tropisme technologique, et par une vision peu ambitieuse du changement des comportements et des modes de vie. Par contraste avec les solutions de remplacement proposées par d’autres acteurs, le projet étatique se limite en effet à la réalisation d’économies d’énergie, à l’achat d’appareils efficients et d’autres dispositifs techniques, et à la participation des usagers à la gestion de l’énergie dans le cadre des réseaux électriques intelligents. En faisant l’impasse sur des changements plus ambitieux, ce choix repousse l’adoption de modes de vie plus sobres, perpétue de nombreuses pratiques énergivores et rend l’avenir du climat extrêmement dépendant des progrès technologiques.

Copyright of Diversité Urbaine is the property of Chaire BMO en diversite et gouvernance and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Nouvelles Perspectives en Sciences Sociales is the property of Editions Prise de parole and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Anthropologica is the property of CASCA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Sociologia, Problemas e Práticas is the property of Centro de Investigacao e Estudos de Sociologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article applies the methodology of Pierre Bourdieu’s major work, Distinction, to a community in South-Western Norway. It argues that the forces of social differentiation analyzed by Bourdieu operate on the national level and are also manifest on the community level. The two space constructs – the space of social positions and the space of lifestyles – are constructed by a multiple correspondence analysis of data from a survey of lifestyle. The characteristics of these results are then discussed in relation to another analysis, an ecological cluster analysis of demographic divisions within the physical space of the city. The analyses show that the same principles of social differentiation, volume and composition of capital, sway all three universes of class structure, of lifestyles and of physical space in the city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of VLC Arquitectura is the property of VLC Arquitectura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

L’embourgeoisement des quartiers centraux a fait couler beaucoup d’encre au cours des dernières décennies. Le rôle joué par les familles dans les processus de transformations des quartiers demeure cependant méconnu. Nous étudions les transformations du quartier Ahuntsic comme quartier péricentral montréalais, un type de quartier en transformation peu exploré dans la littérature, face à l’arrivée de familles avec de jeunes enfants. Les résultats présentés sont le fruit d’une enquête conduite à Ahuntsic entre 2010 et 2012 où ont été menées : 1) une trentaine d’observations d’espaces publics (parcs, installations sportives, centres communautaires et bibliothèques) ; 2) plus d’une quarantaine d’entrevues courtes avec des résidents et usagers de ces espaces ; ainsi que 3) plus d’une vingtaine d’entrevues approfondies auprès de familles avec de jeunes enfants. L’arrivée de familles avec de jeunes enfants participe à la transformation du quartier à travers leur occupation de l’espace public, leurs habitudes de consommation et leurs relations sociales. Deux principaux changements sont observés. Premièrement, les familles ont des attentes spécifiques à l’égard des commerces, des parcs et des installations sportives dans le quartier. Deuxièmement, elles ont des rapports de voisinage et des pratiques de sociabilité quotidienne qui altèrent les dynamiques locales et participent au maintien de leur mode de vie urbain, précédant l’arrivée des enfants. Les changements qu’occasionne l’arrivée de familles avec de jeunes enfants invitent à repenser la place et le rôle des familles dans les quartiers péricentraux, de même qu’à une production renouvelée et inclusive de la ville.

Several lifestyle habits have been described as risk factors for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Given that both healthy and unhealthy habits tend to cluster, the aim of this study was to identify lifestyle patterns and explore their potential associations with clinical characteristics of individuals with NAFLD. One hundred and thirty-six consecutive patients with ultrasound-proven NAFLD were included. Diet and physical activity level were assessed through appropriate questionnaires. Habitual night sleep hours and duration of midday naps were recorded. Optimal sleep duration was defined as sleep hours ≥ 7 and ≤ 9 h/day. Lifestyle patterns were identified using principal component analysis. Eight components were derived explaining 67% of total variation of lifestyle characteristics. Lifestyle pattern 3, namely high consumption of low-fat dairy products, vegetables, fish, and optimal sleep duration was negatively associated with insulin resistance (β = −1.66, P = 0.008) and liver stiffness (β = −1.62, P = 0.05) after controlling for age, sex, body mass index, energy intake, smoking habits, adiponectin, and tumor necrosis factor-α. Lifestyle pattern 1, namely high consumption of full-fat dairy products, refined cereals, potatoes, red meat, and high television viewing time was positively associated with insulin resistance (β = 1.66, P = 0.005), although this association was weakened after adjusting for adiponectin and tumor necrosis factor-α. A 'healthy diet-optimal sleep' lifestyle pattern was beneficially associated with insulin resistance and liver stiffness in NAFLD patients independent of body weight status and energy intake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Volume! is the property of Editions Melanie Seteun and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Volume! is the property of Editions Melanie Seteun and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Résumé Pour être efficace dans une logique de santé publique, la promotion de l’activité physique requiert une bonne communication entre ses acteurs. Dans cette perspective, nous proposons d’expliciter des notions de bio-énergétique utilisées pour quantifier et qualifier l’intensité des activités physiques, les comportements d’activité physique, les comportements sédentaires et les modes de vie. Chez les adultes sains, les recommandations de santé publique en matière d’activité physique émises par les différentes autorités varient entre 675 et 1350 MET.min par semaine, soit, par exemple, la participation 5 fois par semaine à des activités conduisant à la multiplication du métabolisme de base par 4,5 pendant 30 ou 60 minutes, respectivement pour les limites basses et hautes. Les chercheurs dans les différents champs scientifiques et les divers acteurs responsables doivent travailler plus ou mieux pour parvenir à une promotion de l’activité physique réussie, qui se manifesterait par une raréfaction des modes de vie sédentaires. Une grande diversité des modes de vie est compatible avec l’atteinte d’une dépense énergétique suffisante, à l’échelle des populations, pour contribuer à la prévention et au contrôle de nombreuses maladies non communicables. For physical activity promotion to be effective from a public health view, adequate communication between the different actors is required. In this perspective, we propose to explicit the bioenergetic notions used to quantify and qualify intensity of physical activities, physical activity and sedentary behaviors, and lifestyles. Public health recommendations for physical activity in healthy adults from different authorities vary between 675 and 1350 METs/min per week, which, for example, is the equivalent of the energy spent with the participation 5 times per week in activities leading to a 4.5-times increase of the basal metabolic rate during 30 or 60 minutes for the low and high limit, respectively. For every population category, researchers in different scientific fields and all various responsible actors must work harder or better to reach successful physical activity promotion that would be evidenced by rarefaction of sedentary lifestyles. Very different lifestyles are compatible with energy expenditure large enough at a population scale to contribute to the prevention and control of many non-communicable diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of VertigO is the property of La Revue Electronique en Sciences de l'Environnement VertigO and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Recherches Sociographiques is the property of Recherches Sociographiques and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Diabetes & Metabolism is the property of Masson Editeur and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

For seven years, village-based recorders monitored fish catches and water levels in seven floodplain-associated lakes of the Lower Rufiji, Tanzania. The lakes differ in the number of days and volume of inflows from the river, and thus provide a natural experiment to explore the links between catch composition, income per hour of fishing (IPHF) and hydrological connectivity, and to analyse the response of the users. The fishers adapt their fishing mode and equipment to achieve a rather constant IPHF of between 0.2 and 0.8 US$/fisher/hour. In situations of low connectivity, during a series of drought years, the less well-connected lakes lost many species and became a virtual monoculture of Oreochromis urolepis. Only in one extreme case was average fish size significantly reduced, indicating a high fishing pressure. Catch was therefore highly resilient to shifts toward illegal, non-selective and active fishing techniques. Fish diversity and lake productivity were quickly re-established when the larger lakes reconnected. The potential impacts of changes in the flood hydrograph (through dams, increased abstraction or climate/land-use changes) are assessed, and management options discussed. Editor: D. Koutsoyiannis; Guest editor: M.C. Acreman Citation Hamerlynck, O., Duvail, S., Vandepitte, L., Kindinda, K., Nyingi, D.W., Paul, J.-L., Yanda, P.Z., Mwakalinga, A.B., Mgaya, Y.D. and Snoeks, J., 2011. To connect or not to connect? Floods, fisheries and livelihoods in the Lower Rufiji floodplain lakes, Tanzania. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 56 (8), 1436–1451. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Copyright of VertigO is the property of La Revue Electronique en Sciences de l'Environnement VertigO and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Quarante ans après l'amorce du processus de désinstitutionalisation, l'intégration sociale des personnes ayant des troubles mentaux graves constitue toujours un enjeu. De fait, leurs conditions de vie sont davantage marquées par l'exclusion, tant d'un point de vue social qu'économique. Afin de faire face à cette situation, et soutenir les personnes dans leur cheminement, a été développé le suivi intensif en équipe dans la communauté. Alors que jusqu'à présent, le regard porté sur ce programme a été surtout évaluatif, cette étude qualitative exploratoire a été menée dans l'optique d'identifier les facteurs qui facilitent ou nuisent au cheminement vers l'intégration sociale de ces personnes. Les études de dossiers et des entrevues semi-dirigées réalisées auprès des 9 participants et participantes de l'étude révèlent l'existence d'une diversité de parcours de vie communautaire. En effet, les analyses de données verticales et transversales ont permis de mettre en évidence 3 modes de vie (nomade, domestique et social), reflétant les façons d'interagir et de participer de ce groupe d'individus. Ces résultats contribuent à lever le voile sur différents enjeux associés à la pratique du suivi intensif en équipe dans la communauté. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Building Research & Information is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article discusses the engagements of the French government since the year 2000 on the issue of climate change and global warming. Although legislation on the issue has occasionally lacked clarity and true enforcement capabilities, efforts at the local level appear to be sincere and optimistic. To that end, political cooperation in decision making does exist at the local level and efforts are being made for better urbanization and a step back from individualism for collective benefit.

Copyright of European Journal of Population is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Can democratic societies organise the energy diet imposed by the prevention of climate change? What would be the difficulties to overcome? This challenge could not be met without changing the nature of public policies and without learning how to determine collectively new individual lifestyles, not separable from duties. To cite this article: D. Bourg, C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

La investigación que se presenta es una aproximación al análisis de los estilos de vida relacionados con la salud entre la población anciana española, con el objetivo de comprobar sus diferencias con las generaciones más jóvenes, resaltando el papel que juegan las variables de sexo, nivel de instrucción y nivel de renta. Los resultados demuestran correlaciones estadísticas negativas entre la edad y el seguimiento de conductas saludables, diferencias significativas en las actitudes saludables por sexo, sobre todo en las edades avanzadas, y una incidencia importante de unos niveles de educación y renta elevados en la aparición de estilos de vida propicios a una buena salud, con la excepción del consumo de tabaco y alcohol. [fr] Cette recherche c'est une approximation á l'analyse des modes de vie attachés á la santé chez les vieilles espagnoles. L'objectif est vérifier les ditférences par sexe, ni vea u d'instruction et rente par rapport aux cohortes plus jeunes. Les resultats montrent corrélations statistiques négatives entre l'age et les conduites liés á la santé, aussi ditferences significatives des comportements par sexe surtout parmi les plus vieilles, et une plus forte influence du niveau d'études et revenus élevés sur les modes de vie associés á une bonne santé, avec l'exception de la consommation du tabac et alcool.