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Small cell carcinomas are very aggressive malignancies that are most often linked with lung cancer, although they may also develop in the pancreas, colon, rectum, skin, and cervix. SCC of the pancreas accounts for about 1% of these neoplasms. An 88-year-old male with several comorbidities who presented with significant weight loss was diagnosed with metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma after complaining of persistent epistaxis and back pain. This case underscores the significance of using atypical tumor markers, such as thyroid transcription factor 1, to diagnose small-cell pancreatic cancer. It also emphasizes the importance of a multidisciplinary, patient-centered approach to managing these aggressive tumors.

Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis , is a leading infectious disease with varied manifestations. We report a rare presentation of gastric TB in a 50-year-old immunocompetent woman from the Middle East with no prior medical history. The patient presented with persistent epigastric pain, weight loss, nausea, and vomiting over a 2-month duration. Imaging studies and an infectious disease panel were inconclusive. However, upper endoscopy revealed a subepithelial lesion at the pylorus, with biopsies demonstrating caseating granuloma and multinucleated giant cells. A QuantiFERON test was subsequently positive for TB. The patient was successfully treated with standard TB quadruple therapy, resulting in significant improvement in symptoms during follow-up. This case underscores the importance of considering extrapulmonary TB in immunocompetent patients with atypical gastrointestinal symptoms and highlights the efficacy of prompt antitubercular therapy.

This study validated the CO2 distribution predicted by a computational fluid dynamics model considering CO2 absorption by photosynthesis in a chamber and greenhouse. The effect of photosynthesis with CO2 emission from a perforated tube remains not fully understood, although previous studies on CO2 distribution in greenhouses have been conducted. Moreover, comparisons between CO2 concentration measurement and simulation were obtained in the chamber and greenhouse model. Cases with open and closed side vents of the greenhouse showed that closed side vents have slightly more even of CO2 concentration than those with open side vents inside the greenhouse. In contrast, the coefficient of variance (CV) of CO2 inside the plant, open (8.8%) and closed (8.7%) side vents, induced almost no significant improvement. Additionally, cases of a rainy- and sunny-day model showed that photosynthetically active radiation possibly compensated CO2 absorption through photosynthesis to be low at low light (rainy day) and higher at high light (sunny day). Nonetheless, the variability of CO2 concentration inside the plant between rainy and sunny days determined almost no significant difference. Thus, this research shows characteristics of CO2 distribution, assessing photosynthesis and the variability of CO2 concentration that leads to the efficiency of CO2 enrichment in the greenhouse.