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Background Regenerative Medicine (RM) is a branch of medicine that aims to regenerate tissues and organs to overcome the problems transplants entail (poor availability, risk of rejection and intense immunosuppression). To do this, RM makes use of tissue engineering (TE). This fundamental branch deals with creating biological scaffolds capable of performing the role that physiologically belongs to the extracellular matrix (ECM). In this review, we report how specific characteristics of the scaffolds (bio-compatibility, biodegradability and mechanical and conformal properties) can be obtained using 3D printing, which facilitates the emulation of physiological tissues and organs.

Giacomo Pascarella,1 Matteo Rossi,2 Emma Montella,3 Arturo Capasso,2 Gianfranco De Feo,1 Gerardo Botti Snr,1 Antonio Nardone,3 Paolo Montuori,3 Maria Triassi,3 Stefania D’Auria,4 Alessandro Morabito5 1Scientific Directorate, Istituto Nazionale Tumori “Fondazione G. Pascale”, IRCCS, Napoli, Italy; 2Wroclaw School of Banking Wyższa Szkoła Bankowa, Wrocalw, Poland; 3Department of Public Health, Università Federico II, Napoli, Italy; 4Department of Health Management, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, “Fondazione G. Pascale”, IRCCS, Napoli, Italy; 5Thoracic Department, Istituto Nazionale Tumori “Fondazione G. Pascale” IRCCS, Napoli, ItalyCorrespondence: Giacomo PascarellaScientific Directorate, Istituto Nazionale Tumori “Fondazione G. Pascale”, IRCCS, Via Mariano Semmola, 52, Napoli, 80131, ItalyEmail g.pascarella@istitutotumori.na.itPurpose: A risk assessment matrix is a widely used tool for analyzing, assessing and setting priorities in risk management in many fields. This paper overviews critical variables, advantages, disadvantages, strengths and weaknesses of this tool, according to the ISO 31000 risk management framework.Results: Risk assessment is one of the key stages in the Risk Management Process and involves specific steps: identifying hazards, analyzing and evaluating all possible risks. Several methods are developed to assess risks in the literature. A risk matrix method, also called “decision matrix risk assessment (DMRA) technique”, is a systematic approach used to determine the risk level and to compare different risks and define which threats need to be controlled first. The actors involved in risk assessment are called on to manage different issues related to the choice of the most appropriate methodological approach, the assessment of the adequacy of the existing control measures, the articulation of risk consequence domains, the definition of the impact-consequences, the explanation of risk likelihood scales and the development of a risk matrix.Conclusion: We highlighted a number of recommendations in order to address these issues, especially useful when healthcare organizations provide insufficient guidance on how to use risk matrices as well as what to do in response to the existing criticisms on their use.Keywords: healthcare risk analysis, risk matrix, consequences-likelihood analysis

M Cascella,1 CA Forte,1 S Bimonte,1 G Esposito,1 C Romano,2 R Costanzo,2 A Morabito,2 A Cuomo1 1Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS – Fondazione G Pascale, Naples, Italy; 2Thoracic Medical Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS – Fondazione G Pascale, Naples, Italy Background: Previous studies have shown the efficacy of tapentadol (TP) for chronic cancer pain. We evaluated multiple effectiveness aspects of TP prolonged release on moderate–severe cancer-related pain, neuropathic pain (NeP), patient satisfaction, and quality of life. Methods: An observational prospective study was conducted on 80 cancer patients. Opioid-naïve patients received a starting dose of prolonged-release TP 50 mg twice daily, and opioid-experienced patients were switched to TP, not to exceed 500 mg/day. Treatment response was evaluated at 3, 6, 30–40, and 60–70 days through response rate, numeric rating-scale scoring, survival analysis (time to event for response), pain-intensity difference, TP escalation-index percentage, and effects on NeP. The drug-sparing effect on concomitant therapies was evaluated. Results: Seventy of 80 patients (88%) were responders to treatment (95% CI 78%–94%). Compared to T0, pain-intensity reductions were statistically significant for all intervals (P

Youth mental health crises in the USA increased dramatically during the COVID-19 pandemic. Schools are uniquely positioned to address the growing mental health needs of youth by connecting them with mental health services; however, they are often under-resourced to provide these services. This study used community resource mapping to identify the existence, distribution, and types of youth mental health crisis services available in the Boston area. Semi-structured interviews with school and community providers were conducted to examine the facilitators and barriers to youth mental health crisis service access. Findings show that while 23 programs were identified in Boston, there were gaps in terms of service availability by neighborhood, language accessibility, and type of crisis services provided. Thematic analysis of the qualitative interviews identified attitudinal and structural barriers to service utilization, including family stigma related to mental health diagnosis and services, resource accessibility and COVID-19 impacts, and the need for additional training and support for families and school-based staff. Findings demonstrate the need for cross-discipline school and community collaboration and culturally responsive mental health education and promotion.

This study examines patterns and trends in 911 calls from Boston public school addresses related to mental health and physical assaults/fights generated from 2014 to 2018. We analyzed 12,113 Boston Police Department (BPD) 911 call records from 102 Boston Public School addresses during the 2014-2018 school years. In addition, we separately analyzed calls coded by BPD as Emotionally Disturbed Person ("EDP"), indicating a psychiatric crisis was the primary reason for the call, as well as calls coded as "Fight," "Assault," or "Assault and battery." Call frequency ranged from 0 to 277 per school each year. Although the annual average number of calls increased each school year over the 4-year period, this was primarily due to an increase in hang-ups and abandoned calls. Overall, 7.4% calls were coded as EDP and 6.5% were coded as assault/fight. Call volume was highest in the middle of the school day, with a median time of 12 pm. EDP calls were significantly earlier in the day than non-EDP calls, and the percentage of calls labeled as EDP decreased in frequency each day over the course of the week. There were more overall 911 calls, on average, per day in late spring than in other seasons. The frequency with which schools call upon police as emergency service providers for psychiatric crises indicates a need for additional school-based resources. Such resources may be most effective if they are allocated mid-day, responsive to changing student needs over the course of the week, and increased in spring.

Listeria monocytogenes is a gram-positive, primarily foodborne pathogen responsible for severe invasive infections (1), especially in immunocompromised patients. The treatment for some immunodeficiency conditions can require the administration of blood [...]