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Since the introduction of the implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) by Michel Mirowski in the 1980's, these devices have become an important tenet in management of ventricular arrhythmias1. Numerous observational and randomized trials have demonstrated the superiority of this device over antiarrhythmic drugs in treating ventricular arrhythmias. The clinical implications of these trials are tremendous as sudden cardiac death (SCD) maybe the presenting symptom in these arrhythmias. It is estimated that in the United States alone around 350,000 deaths occur each year due to SCD alone2 . As resuscitation is seldom successful in the community, methods to identify and appropriately treat such patients alone can prevent these events. However, the public health impact of this approach is tremendous, as the ICD is extremely expensive and is out of reach for many individuals. Moreover, not all patients with structural heart disease and ventricular arrhythmias have a malignant outcome. Thus efforts to appropriately stratify patients according to their risk profile and accordingly advocate ICD implant has important fiscal implications for the state with meager health resources, especially in those patients in whom survival benefit with the ICD is modest.

Galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) are prebiotic compounds that can be produced from lactose-rich dairy waste, such as whey. Whey is a byproduct of cheese, casein, or paneer processing and contains significant amounts of lactose. There are several methods for producing GOS from whey, including enzymatic hydrolysis, fermentation, and the use of cell biomass. Enzymatic hydrolysis is the most commonly used method because it is considered to be a more natural and sustainable process. Various factors affect GOS production from whey, such as the type of enzyme used, reaction conditions, and the degree of lactose hydrolysis. Whey-based GOS has the potential for use as a value-added product in the dairy industry. Several studies have shown the potential of whey-based GOS as a functional ingredient in various food products to improve sensory properties, sweetness, and nutritional value. Whey hydrolysate containing GOS can also be used as a source of dietary fiber and sweetening additives in food products. The production of GOS from whey is a promising approach for the dairy industry to add value to its waste products and produce a functional ingredient with potential health benefits. Further research is needed to optimize the production process and to explore the effects of whey constituents on GOS production.

Our reliance on electronics, a cornerstone of modern life, comes at a cost. The relentless pace of technological advancement generates mountains of discarded devices, creating the growing problem of electronic waste. This E-waste, if improperly disposed of, can contaminate landfills and release harmful materials into the environment. This study investigates a potential solution: using a portion of e-waste in place of fine aggregate. To improve overall performance, we also incorporate mineral admixtures. Our research aims to understand how both the amount of e-waste and the specific mineral admixtures used influence the final properties of the concrete. We systematically replaced the fine aggregate with e-waste at varying percentages (0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%) and meticulously analyzed the resulting effects. The study identifies 10% e-waste replacement as the optimal level for achieving desirable properties in M20 grade concrete, a commonly used strength classification. This approach offers a two-fold benefit. It tackles the e- waste crisis by providing a sustainable disposal option, and it potentially reduces the construction industry's reliance on virgin resources like natural sand, contributing to a more sustainable future.

This research article discloses a solar photovoltaic (SPV) fed 3-φ induction motor (IM) drive aimed at water pumping applications using a three-phase four-switch voltage source inverter (FSVSI). The inverter used has a lower number of switches, reduced gate driver circuits, less switching losses, and is less costly than the orthodox six-switch voltage source inverters (SVSI). Here, the overall system consists of two power conditioning units for duty ratio control of the DC-DC boost converter and a 3-φ FSVSI for controlling and power conversion of DC/AC at a desired level. Moreover, using a boost converter and the P&O maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm, the maximum power is extracted from the SPV system. The indirect vector control (IDVC) is utilized for the IM to provide effective speed control. The SPV system output power depends upon solar irradiation. Hence, the DC voltage and currents vary according to the irradiation. Here, the constant DC-link voltage is achieved using voltage control of the inverter. The anticipated SPV-fed FSVSI IM operation is executed at different insolation stages in the MATLAB as well as validated experimentally using DSPACE DS-1104.

Abstract.Cloud computing is quickly expanding, with applications in practically every industry, including education. E-learning systems often necessitate a large number of hardware and software resources. Many educational institutions cannot afford such investments, thus cloud computing is the best solution. Here, the Matrix Factorisation-based maximum rate recommendation system (MatFac-Maxirate RS) is utilised to recommend the courses for students to choose their career. According to user access, the e-learning application server is acquired from the E-Khool dataset which is subjected to learner or course agglomerative matrix calculation. The E-learning application server is executed based on Minkowski and Kumar Hasebrook's distance to retrieve learner preference items. The recommended course having the maximum rating is considered which is forecasted with matrix factorisation considering the course ID and learner ID. The MatFac-Maxirate RS generated the finest efficacy with the best precision of 88.9%, recall of 88.2% and F-measure of 87.5%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The properties of unidirectional (UD) composites has been investigated by analyzing their elastic and strength characteristics under shear loading. The UD fiber‐reinforced polymer (FRP) composites usually consist of fibers randomly dispersed throughout the cross‐section in the transverse direction which is generally not accounted for. A micromechanical model based on finite element analysis (FEA) approach is utilized here to examine these properties. The study begins by identifying micro scale unit cells or repetitive unit cells (RUCs) at the micro scale, as well as representative volume elements (RVEs). The distribution of fiber volume fraction (Vf) varies among various micro scale unit cells positioned in the transverse cross‐section. The elastic properties and strength are estimated by considering the properties of the matrix and fibers, and the configuration of micro scale unit cells, which feature a fiber arrangement which is categorized as hexagonal and varying Vf at different locations (from 0.35 to 0.75). However, the overall Vf for the UD composite remains constant at 0.65. Studies are also carried out with the random distribution of fibers at micro scale unit cells. The findings reveal that the random distribution of fibers significantly impacts the shear behavior of the composite. This investigation provides valuable insights into how the mechanical properties of the UD composite are subjective by the distribution of fiber, thereby contributing to the design and development of this light weight high‐performance material. Highlights: Elastic and strength analysis of UD composites is presented.Emphasis is on fiber dispersion in transverse plane.Microscale unit cells, RUCs and RVE are identified.Studies are carried out based on micromechanical model.Influence of fiber distribution on shear behavior is investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The disorder known as hyperdontia is characterized by an excess of teeth or teeth that appear to be added to the normal amount of teeth. With a frequency ranging from 0.1% to 3.9% in permanent dentition and from 0.3% to 1.8% in deciduous dentition, it affects males more often than women. Since children’s cognitive abilities are still developing in comparison to adults’, children freely communicate their worry and anxiety and frequently exhibit uncooperative behavior patterns while undergoing treatment. A7‑year‑old child who was emotionally immature reported with a principal complaint of missing tooth in his left upper front tooth area for 2 years. Cone‑beam computed tomography was advised to verify location and structural interaction with neighboring structures. Due to his lack of emotional sensitivity and cooperation with others, we planned the surgical extraction under general anesthesia. In the present case, it was deemed preferable to wait for a spontaneous eruption, and the patient was observed for a month on a regular basis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article proposed an off-board bidirectional battery charger for electric vehicles (EVs) that have been designed to perform various modes of operation of EVs like grid-to-vehicle (G2V) and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) while improving the grid power quality (PQ). During the charging process, the charger operates in the G2V mode. In this mode, power flows from the utility grid to the EV, ensuring a smooth and efficient transfer, which has the ability to maintain a sinusoidal grid current waveform and a unity power factor throughout the operation. This not only ensures efficient power transfer but also minimizes disruptions and distortions in the grid. On the other side of the operational spectrum lies the discharging phase, governed by the V2G mode. This mode allows the charger to deliver power from the EV's batteries back to the utility grid. This capability is a significant step toward establishing a two-way relationship between EVs and the grid, enabling EVs to act as energy reservoirs and support grid stability during peak demand or emergencies. This paper presents the proposed adaptive direct power control (ADPC) theory for the proposed electric vehicle charger (EVC), which consists of a grid-side converter and an EV side converter. The proposed control algorithm on both sides of the converters plays a significant role in various operating modes. The ADPC employs a control strategy referred to as the second-order generalized integrator to estimate the actual synchronizing voltage templates specifically designed for single-phase grid-side converters. Consequently, the appropriate current reference used by the charger is to ensure that the power factor remains unity throughout various operating modes. Similarly, for the EV side converter, the integration of the power delivery error further enhances steady-state responses with the proposed ADPC by generating actual phase shifted pulses for the DAB. The overall performance under similar conditions is studied with virtual direct power control to further check the robustness of the proposed ADPC. The adopted topology and control technique further implemented in the prototype of an off-board EVC to verify the various operating conditions to demonstrate its effectiveness and justified as per the IEEE 519-2022 standard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The power quality of the grid-coupled photovoltaic system (GCPVS) is enhanced using a control scheme developed by employing a robust generalized soft-root-sign (GSRS) adaptive filter. Power quality (PQ) deterioration issues are common in the distribution grid due to the mix of irregular loads. The GSRS control scheme mitigates harmonics, compensates load unbalances, achieves unity power factor at the grid, and compensates load reactive power, thus leading to balanced sinusoidal currents at the grid side. The GSRS algorithm utilizes a soft-root-sign cost function to achieve less steady-state misalignment while estimating magnitudes of fundamental frequency load current components for PQ improvement. The designed single-stage GCPVS performs smooth power flow between local loads and the grid without necessitating an energy storage system. The control scheme initially meets load demand and then sends any surplus power to the grid. However, if the generated PV power falls below the load demand due to environmental conditions, the additional power for the load is drawn from the grid. Moreover, voltage source converter used in the GCPVS also provides the functionality of DSTATCOM, thus avoiding the usage of additional equipment. The proposed GSRS control scheme and the GCPVS are modeled in MATLAB/Simulink. A laboratory-designed experimental setup is used to carry out the experimental validation of the GSRS control scheme and found to be performing satisfactorily. The behavior of GCPVS is verified during steady-state and dynamic conditions. The GCPVS performance is verified with the standard IEEE-519-2022, and a comparison of the GSRS algorithm with other filtering algorithms is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Moringa oleifera, commonly known as the drumstick tree or horseradish tree, has long been recognized for its nutritional and therapeutic properties. This article revisits the therapeutic and safety aspects of Moringa while exploring recent trends in its utilization in the formulation of functional foods. A comprehensive analysis of the literature reveals the rich nutritional profile of Moringa, encompassing vitamins, minerals, and bioactive compounds with potential health benefits. The therapeutic properties, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, ACE inhibition, and antimicrobial activities, are discussed in the context of contemporary research findings. Additionally, safety considerations, dosage, and potential adverse effects are addressed, providing a balanced perspective on the consumption of Moringa. The second focus of this article is the emerging trend of incorporating Moringa into functional foods. The recent surge in interest is attributed to its diverse bioactive components, which can enhance the nutritional value and health-promoting qualities of food products. Examples of functional food formulations are explored to illustrate the versatility of integrating Moringa into modern dietary practices. By revisiting the therapeutic and safety aspects of Moringa and exploring its recent applications in functional foods, this article contributes to a nuanced understanding of the multifaceted role of this plant in promoting health and wellness. The synthesis of traditional knowledge with contemporary scientific insights provides a foundation for informed decision-making regarding the utilization of Moringa in functional food formulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: With the increase in the penetration level of renewables into the grid, the virtual synchronous generator (VSG) concept has emerged as an attractive solution for controlling grid‐tied inverters. The variation in reactive power also affects the real power of the system as well. To address the voltage variations and phase angle variations occurring because of the energy storage elements, the control of the reactive power loop (RPL) is important. Also, it is used to maintain voltage regulation and improve the power factor of the VSG system. This paper focuses on the damping of oscillations occurring because of load variation by proper adjustment of the rotational inertia, damping coefficient, droop coefficient, and regulatory coefficient of reactive power with a proposed adaptive control strategy. Small‐signal analysis of the active and reactive power and point of common coupling (PCC) have been derived, and the detailed dynamic performances are analyzed. The influences of parameters perturbation on PCC voltage and reactive power were investigated. Furthermore, adaptive control includes optimizing dynamic indexes such as rise time, delay time, and response settling time. Finally, the performance and improvement in the results of VSG with and without adaptive control are compared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: This article presents an improved least mean square (LMS) algorithm‐based control approach for a three‐phase grid interfaced solar photovoltaic (GISPV) system for smart building applications. The SPV is primarily utilized to supply household loads, and the absence or intermittency of SPV is curbed by utilizing power from the grid. The majority of household loads are nonlinear loads that affect the grid power quality (PQ). However, the effects of both linear and nonlinear loads on grid PQ have been analyzed in this article. This article proposes a Gaussian Kernel function‐based normalized LMS (GKNLMS) algorithm to calculate the active peak weight component of the load current, thereby utilizing it to obtain a sinusoidal reference current. Considering a higher step size and utilizing the Gaussian Kernel function for reduced mean square error (MSE) improves both the convergence rate and accuracy of estimation in the conventional LMS. The proposed control technique effectively addresses system anomalies caused by dynamic solar irradiance, load variation, and unbalanced loading conditions. Furthermore, the system response with the GKNLMS algorithm is assessed in MATLAB/Simulink and validated by developing a laboratory setup of the system for experimentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dental stains are pigmented deposits that can be intrinsic or extrinsic in origin and are seen on the surface of the teeth. Discoloration of teeth can be due to developmental defects, traumatic injuries, or the intake of several medications. Extrinsic stains create discoloration outside the tooth surface and lay on the surface or in the acquired pellicle, whereas stains within dentin or intrinsic discoloration sometimes come from pulpal or systemic origin. To plan a specific treatment approach and its associated result, it is important to identify the etiologic cause that is creating the stain, in an attempt to provide esthetic treatment for the same. This case report describes the successful management of intrinsic staining of anterior teeth in a 10-year-old girl. The treatment plan included esthetic rehabilitation using composite veneer. The fluoride-releasing composite used provided an acceptable color match and exceptional handling properties and was relatively easy to maintain with its antiplaque effect. This case also represents a unique histopathological finding from ground sections of a retained extracted deciduous tooth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: To determine the pattern of antibiotic prescription and to assess the knowledge of antibiotic resistance among dentists. Material and Methods: An electronic version of the questionnaire regarding antibiotic use and knowledge on antibiotic resistance was created using google forms and a link was mailed to dental surgeons and their response was recorded. Data obtained was recorded and analysed using descriptive statistics. Results: Out of 130 responses recorded 45.4% of dentists prefer prescribing antibiotics daily. Amoxicillin was the most often recommended antibiotic by majority (49.6%) of the practitioners, While 54.6% of dentists considered a duration of 3 days course of antibiotics for odontogenic infections. 43.7% of the respondent's considered clindamycin as an alternative in penicillin-allergic patients. Abscess was the most common (67.2%) condition considered for antibiotic prescription, 49.6% of the participants stated that availability of a particular brand as a primary factor for prescription of antibiotics. 40.3% of dental surgeons felt that failure to prescribe antibiotics was the main reason for the spread of infection. Almost 91.8% of dental surgeons were aware that antibiotic resistance was becoming a global concern. Conclusion: Antibiotics revolutionized the way infections are being treated, Although incorrect and inappropriate use of antibiotics could be a contributing factor for the development of Antibiotic Resistance. Anti-microbial stewardship should be deeply integrated into dental practice and oral health care, to reduce the number of unnecessary prescriptions and educational intervention is utmost essential to limit non-medical prescriptions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: This paper develops a variable step size robust normalized least mean absolute third (VSSRNLMAT)‐based control scheme for a three‐phase grid‐tied multifunctional photovoltaic system (GTMPVS). The GTMPVS delivers PV power to grid‐connected loads and feeds excess power to the grid through a voltage source converter (VSC) when PV power is available. It enhances power quality (PQ) by mitigating current harmonics and compensating for an unbalanced load and reactive power simultaneously. The proposed control scheme accurately extracts the fundamental active and reactive weight components of nonlinear load current. The power exchange at the grid side occurs with balanced and sinusoidal grid currents. During the absence of PV power, the VSC continues its operation as a distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM), thus increasing the effective utilization of the power electronic switches employed in the VSC. The GTMPVS model is created in MATLAB/Simulink. The response of GTMPVS is observed under steady‐state and dynamic operating conditions while feeding power to a nonlinear load. The dynamic operating conditions are created by a change in solar irradiation and an unbalanced nonlinear load. Further, the proposed VSSRNLMAT control scheme is compared with some of the other adaptive filtering‐based control schemes, including least mean square (LMS), least mean fourth (LMF), least mean absolute third (LMAT), and normalized LMAT (NLMAT) in terms of convergence, oscillations, mean square deviation (MSD), computational complexity, and grid current total harmonic distortion (THD). It is found that the VSSRNLMAT control scheme offers THD of grid current as per IEEE‐519 standard. The proposed control scheme is implemented to operate the laboratory‐developed GTMPVS to verify the simulation results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To evaluate morphologic, radiographic, and stereomicroscopic changes of teeth when subjected to specific high temperatures in both direct heat and gradual heat and to compare the changes among two heat groups and also among different types of teeth. Materials and Methods: An in vitro study was conducted on 90 healthy extracted human teeth, in which the teeth were divided into two groups. Group 1 (45) was subjected to direct heat and Group 2 (45) was subjected to gradual heat. Group 1 and Group 2 were further subdivided into three subgroups (A) anteriors, (B) premolars, and (C) molars each consisting of 15 teeth. Teeth were subjected to temperatures of 200°C, 400°C, 600°C, 800°C, and 1000°C in a muffle electric furnace. The color changes were noted using the Revised Munsell soil color chart and the radiographic and stereomicroscopic changes were evaluated. The results obtained were subjected to statistical analysis. Results: Teeth in direct heat showed more destructive changes at lower temperatures, i.e., 400°C and 600°C when compared to gradual heat where changes are observed at 600°C and 800°C. Among different types of teeth, anteriors and premolars showed more changes when compared to molars. Interpretation and Conclusion: It can be concluded that dental evidence may provide clues to solve the mystery in fire investigations as dental structures are the last to be destroyed under extreme conditions, whether temperature, acid, or putrefaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]