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En el presente trabajo se realiza una revisión taxonómica de los géneros de Theraphosinae presentes en Chile, además de una clave que facilite su reconocimiento. Adicionalmente, se ofrece para cada uno de ellos una descripción general y una diagnosis actualizada, además de tratar algunos aspectos sobre el estado de conservación, historia natural y distribución geográfica de algunas de sus especies.

Tree roots are associated with a high diversity of microorganisms that play key roles in soil fertility and plant nutrition and health. Here we examine the composition and diversity of bacterial community in ectomycorrhizal root (ECR) and their ectomycorrhizosphere (EMR) of the Neotropical tree Pinus montezumae inoculated with Laccaria laccata and Hebeloma mesophaeum, applied alone or co-inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense. For this, we used a 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding-sequencing approach in samples of ECR and EMR that were collected nine-months after inoculation in greenhouse. A total of 943 Operational Taxonomic Units (OTU) were differentiated and grouped in 32 bacterial phyla. The most abundant phyla were Proteobacteria (67%) and Actinobacteria (20.7%). Bacterial communities were structured in ECR and EMR (Anosim, R=0.77, P≤0.005), and were more diverse in EMR than ECR (Shannon-Weaver of 4.2 and 3.6, and Simpson inverse of 33.7 and 16.7, respectively). The abundance of Pseudomonas, Actinoplanes and Salinibacterium were promoted with L. laccata, while with H. mesophaeum an OTU from Burkholderiaceae was prominent. Our results showed that the ectomycorrhizal fungi strongly shaped the composition of the bacterial communities associated with roots of P. montezumae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most common environmental impacts that has caused irreversible effects on ecosystems is the introduction of exotic species. In addition to the ecological disasters that can be caused, such as the decline and extinction of native species, this phenomenon can generate significant economic losses and the possibility of the spread of parasites that are transmitted by these exotic species. These processes can be accentuated by climate change, which over time alters the global distribution pattern of the affected species, generating cases of niche overlap with species that share similar niches. In this sense, the knowledge about the areas with possible occurrence these species can direct the monitoring and control measures. In this study, we developed current and future prediction models to identify areas of suitability in the Neotropics for Melanoides tuberculata (Müller, 1774) and nine species of mollusks native to the American continent using the ecological niche modeling tool. In addition, we evaluated the ecological niche overlap between the invasive species and the native species of freshwater mollusks to verify whether the effects of climate change would alter the distribution of these organisms. The following methodological procedures were adopted to prepare the forecasting models: records of occurrence of the mollusks in different databases and search of environmental data for climate conditions in current and future scenarios in WorldClim 2.0 (SSP2-4.5 and SSP2-8.5). Besides, modeling procedures using seven packages of R software, evaluation of the models using the true skill statistic (TSS) metric, construction of maps and quantification and overlapping of ecological niche of the species included in the analysis. The results indicated that several areas of the Neotropics are suitable for the occurrence of M. tuberculata in the current scenarios. Moreover, the suitable areas for its occurrence will probably be expanded in both future scenarios. For native species, there were significant differences in relation to the areas of suitability, with a reduction for some species. Niche similarity tests indicated significant overlap only between M. tuberculata and the planorbid Biomphalaria straminea (Dunker, 1848). We discuss that the expansion of M. tuberculata can have negative consequences, including the reduction of native gastropod species and the spread of trematodes of medical and veterinary importance that this mollusk can transmit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mesembrinellidae (Diptera: Oestroidea) is a family of medium size (7-17 mm) neotropical flies. The taxonomic status of the group has been debated but at present it is treated as a family with 53 extant species. Currently, 19 species are recorded in Central America and Mexico with, until now, only two species known from Honduras: Mesembrinella bicolor (Fabricius, 1805) and Souzalopesiella facialis (Aldrich, 1922). For this study, material from the Insect Collection at the Pan-American Agricultural School, Zamorano (EAPZ), was examined. Six species distributed in three genera were found to occur in Honduras. The genus Laneella and the species: Laneella fuscosquamata Whitworth, 2019, Laneella perisi (Mariluis, 1987), Mesembrinella nigrocoerulea Whitworth, 2019, and Mesembrinella socors (Walker, 1861), are recorded for the country for the first time. All species are illustrated, and a map with the known distribution in Honduras is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales is the property of Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales is the property of Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Zoologica Lilloana is the property of Fundacion Miguel Lillo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The species formerly included in the Pertyella camposseabrai species-group are reviewed. The following two species are transferred from the genus Mutilla to Pertyella: P. angulosa (Burmeister, 1854) new combination, and P. carinigena (Cresson, 1902) new combination. The following new synonymies are proposed: P. mayri (Kohl, 1882); P. paulista Casal, 1964; P. viuva Casal, 1964; P. itinga Casal, 1964; P. camposseabrai Casal, 1964; P. uzai Fritz, 1990 and P. diasi Fritz, 1990 are jr. synonyms of P. angulosa; P. lenti Casal, 1964 is a jr. synonym of P. carinigena; P. aguaz Fritz, 1990 is a jr. synonym of P. cordoi Fritz, 1990. A new species in this group, Pertyella quirosae sp. nov., is described. Most characters that were formerly used to define this species-group are not consistent or exclusive to the group. Because the diagnostic features and component species in this species-group were changed, and because an older name is now available, this group of species is now called the P. angulosa species-group. Females of this group can be recognized by having the mesosoma with lateral stripes of dense silvery or whitish setae. A key to the species of the P. angulosa species-group and new distribution records are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We describe and illustrate Freziera antioquensis (Pentaphylacaceae), a new species, known from two specimens collected in the Cordillera Occidental of Colombia, Antioquia department, in the Chocó Biogeographic region. Among the morphological attributes that distinguish this new species from its congeners is the dense pubescence, with long trichomes, covering the young branches, petioles and underside of the leaf blades, as well as the absence of trichomes on the bracteoles and sepals. With the description of this species, Colombia has about 27 species of Freziera, 12 of which are endemic and known from only one or two herbarium specimens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study documents the prevalence, mean intensity, mean abundance, aggregation, and seasonal variation of Amblyomma dissimile Koch in free-living snakes in the tropical humid climate of the Centro municipality of Tabasco, Mexico. A total of 19 snakes of seven species were captured manually during trail walks by trained personnel and carefully inspected for ticks. A morphological characterization identified the ticks as A. dissimile. Estimates indicated that 52.6% of the snakes had been parasitized by this tick. A total of 213 ticks were collected. The mean abundance was 11.2 (95% CI= 4-36), and the mean intensity was 21.3 (95% CI=8-57.1). Adult ticks were the most abundant, followed by nymphs and larvae. The most common parasitized body area was the first third of the snake's body, followed by the second, third, and finally, the head. Half of the inspected snakes were parasitized, and the ticks were found most frequently in the atlantooccipital joint area at the entrance to the stomach. There were high parasitic indices, abundances, and intensities, and Boa imperator Daudin was the most parasitized snake. More parasitized snakes were observed during the dry season. The study compiles relevant information about the presence of A. dissimile and their host snakes in Tabasco, Mexico. Resumen Este estudio documenta la prevalencia, intensidad media, abundancia media, agregación y variación estacional de Amblyomma dissimile Koch en serpientes de vida libre en el clima tropical húmedo del municipio Centro de Tabasco, México. Un total de 19 serpientes de siete especies fueron capturadas manualmente por personal capacitado durante recorridos en senderos. Cada serpiente fué cuidadosamente inspeccionada en busca de garrapatas. La caracterización morfológica permitió identificar a las garrapatas como A. dissimile. Las estimaciones indicaron que el 52.6% de las serpientes estaban parasitadas por esta garrapata. Se colectaron 213 garrapatas. La abundancia media fue 11.2 (IC 95%= 4-36), y la intensidad media fue 21.3 (IC 95%=8-57.1). Las garrapatas adultas fueron las más abundantes, seguidas de ninfas y larvas. El área corporal parasitada más común fue el primer tercio del cuerpo de la serpiente, seguido del segundo, tercero y finalmente la cabeza. La mitad de las serpientes inspeccionadas estaban parasitadas y las garrapatas se encontraron con mayor frecuencia de la zona de la articulación atlantooccipital a la entrada del estómago. Se detectaron índices altos para la abundancia e intensidad parasitaria, las serpientes de la especie Boa imperator Daudin fue la más parasitada. Se observó mayor cantidad de serpientes parasitadas durante la estación seca. El estudio recopila información relevante sobre la presencia de A. dissimile y sus serpientes hospedadoras en Tabasco, México. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

En las últimas décadas, las plantaciones monoespecíficas con árboles no nativos crecieron en diferentes regiones del mundo. En la Argentina se está fomentando este tipo de producción, causando un reemplazo del paisaje nativo y pudiendo afectar a distintos grupos de animales. Por tal motivo, en este trabajo realizamos una revisión bibliográfica acerca de lo que se sabe y los vacíos de información sobre los efectos de las plantaciones no nativas de pinos y eucaliptos en los vertebrados terrestres en diferentes ecorregiones del país. Encontramos un total de 34 artículos publicados, de los cuales 48% se enfocó en el impacto de las plantaciones de pinos y eucaliptos sobre vertebrados. Los grupos taxonómicos más estudiados fueron las aves y los mamíferos terrestres medianos y grandes, sobre todo en las ecorregiones Selva Atlántica y Bosques Patagónicos. Los efectos más reportados fueron la disminución de la riqueza, los cambios en la composición de especies y el menor uso de las plantaciones no nativas por parte de los distintos grupos de vertebrados. El tipo de manejo de las plantaciones, sobre todo en cuanto a la conservación del sotobosque y la conectividad con el bosque nativo, sería clave para disminuir el impacto negativo sobre las especies de vertebrados. Además, encontramos que todavía existen vacíos de información en ciertas ecorregiones y grupos de vertebrados (e.g., herpetofauna y mamíferos pequeños). Por lo tanto, sugerimos que se incentive esta clase de estudios en diferentes regiones del país para dar a conocer los efectos de este tipo de actividad antrópica, y también para garantizar la buena gestión y conservación de los ambientes nativos aledaños y el flujo genético de las poblaciones de la biodiversidad asociada.

El ratón de montaña (Thomasomys niveipes) es un roedor neotropical endémico de Colombia y exclusivo de la Cordillera Oriental, el cual presenta una dieta generalista que incluye insectos, hojas y hongos. Basados en observaciones directas presentamos el primer registro documentado del consumo de la seta calamar (Clathrus archeri) por parte del ratón de montaña (Thomasomys niveipes) en la cordillera Oriental de Colombia. Esta nota contribuye significativamente al conocimiento de la dieta de T. niveipes, así como genera nuevos interrogantes sobre la dispersión de esporas de la seta exótica C. archeri.

La conversión del hábitat natural para el desarrollo urbano está restringiendo los rangos de especies de primates que dependen de los ambientes forestales, aumentando su riesgo de extinción. Si bien Panamá respalda la mayor diversidad de primates en Mesoamérica, muchas de sus nueve especies y 13 subespecies son motivo de preocupación para la conservación, incluidas cuatro especies endémicas en Peligro Crítico. Sin embargo, su distribución y estado actual son poco conocidos. Se utilizó más de 15 años de datos de observación de presencia (transectos y conteos de ruta, fototrampeo, y registros de ciudadanos científicos) que representan 2,000 puntos de presencia, 1,415 fueron seleccionados como ubicaciones útiles para desarrollar modelos de distribución para las subespecies de primates en Panamá. Utilizando el software Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt), se creó un conjunto de modelos que utilizan variables climáticas, y también integramos una medida derivada de satélite de la productividad primaria, el Índice de Vegetación de Diferencia Normalizada (NDVI), así como medidas de densidad de población humana, para ver si estos modelos mejorados eran más efectivos. Los modelos funcionaron bien, aunque diferentes variables climáticas predijeron mejor la distribución de diferentes subespecies. La superposición de los mejores modelos de hábitat para cada subespecie nos permitió identificar áreas cruciales para dirigir esfuerzos de conservación en la diversidad de primates en Panamá.

Several long-accepted terms are widely misused in ornithology and have led to a misperception of important concepts in the ecology of Nearctic--Neotropical migratory birds. The term "North America" (and its ancillary terms "North American species," "North American habitats," etc.) is widely used to refer to the United States and Canada, when in fact it should include all of the continent from the Arctic through Panama. In a similar vein, the terms "wintering" and "over-wintering" (whether used to describe the status of individual birds or species, or as a modifier for terms like habitats, ecology, or behavior), "spring migration" and "fall migration" are inappropriate for Nearctic--Neotropical migrants because they explicitly reference conditions in the temperate zone of the continent, even as most such species spend the majority of their annual cycle elsewhere, where these terms are inaccurate and unhelpful. We discuss the pitfalls of using these terms and suggest several alternatives and replacements. In particular, we urge more precision in the use of the term "North America"; for Nearctic--Neotropical migratory species (especially long-distance migrants), we suggest retiring the terms "wintering" and "over-wintering" in favor of "nonbreeding"; and for the same group of species we suggest retiring the terms "spring migration" and "fall migration" in favor of "pre-breeding," "post-breeding," or "post-natal" migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pimelodella is one of the most diverse genera of the family Heptapteridae with approximately 83 valid species. However, the taxonomy of this genus is problematic since it lacks a phylogenetic diagnosis and its species present conserved morphologies. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the morphological variation of seven species of Pimelodella from the Orinoco River basin in Colombia. For this, 93 specimens grouped into seven species were used, which were oriented and scaled through a Generalized Procrustes Analysis (GPA). Size explains part of the variation in shape in the Pimelodella species analyzed. The Canonical Variable Analysis (CVA) performed on the residuals indicates that the first two components account for 92.4 % of the total variation, where there is an overlap between P. figueroai, P. megalops, P. metae, and Pimelodella sp.. However, most of the specimens remained relatively cohesive in their respective species. The typicality probability revealed an overall classification accuracy of 86.0 % for the cross-validated data. Geometric morphometrics allowed us to detect shape differences in Pimelodella species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales is the property of Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Boletín Científico Centro de Museos de Historia Natural is the property of Universidad de Caldas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Boletín Científico Centro de Museos de Historia Natural is the property of Universidad de Caldas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Caldasia is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Deforestation and land degradation resulting from intense land use activities pose a significant threat to neotropical forests. Ecological restoration (ER) as an alternative to mitigate the loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services remains a global challenge and priority. Nucleation is a technique aimed at creating microhabitats that facilitate natural regeneration and expand interactions among organisms, promoting ecological succession. Although the formation of tree islands (applied nucleation) is frequently used due to its cost-effectiveness compared to other ER alternatives, the implementation of nucleation in neotropical forests faces challenges that range from defining precise objectives to scaling up in large areas. Our work provides a comprehensive overview of nucleation alternatives for restoring tropical forest areas, evaluating 1) their rationale, conditions and benefits; 2) theoretical and experimental studies, and 3) challenges for their application in different restoration scenarios. We have found that nucleation is an adaptable restoration model suitable for scenarios with varying recovery potential and capable of achieving multiple objectives through different techniques. While current studies have primarily focused on short-term comparisons between applied nucleation and other strategies, issues such as species composition and selection, alternative configurations for combining techniques, and large-scale implementation have received little attention. We recommend that the implementation and monitoring of nucleation be guided by experimentation within projects and that future research should focus on incorporating alternative treatments for adaptive management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban areas offer favorable environments for the occupation by colonies of numerous insectivorous bats, indicating a good supply of resources for their support. Studies have shown that reproductive patterns of Neotropical bats can be seasonal in response to the availability of food resources. For an urban population of insectivorous bats, we studied the annual reproductive activity and the diet of Molossus molossus in Bucaramanga city (Colombia) and its relationship with the precipitation regime of the area. We captured bats monthly using mist nets (October 2016 to September 2017), including dry and wet seasons. The reproductive condition of the males was described by testicular histology and, in females, through the observation of external morphological characters and the analysis of vaginal smears. We also studied the stomach contents of 30 of the captured bats and if they change between seasons. Although not all females were in the same reproductive category each month, at the population level there were two pregnancy peaks in the dry seasons, with parturition at the beginning of the rainy seasons. Cytological analysis of vaginal smears optimized the evaluation of the reproductive stage and indicated that all sampled adult females were reproductive throughout the year. Males were reproductive year-round, showing sperm in seminiferous tubules and ducts. Coleoptera (41.3%) and Hymenoptera (37.7%) were the most important prey; the dietary composition and the amount of food consumed did not change between seasons. Females of this population showed a pattern of bimodal polyestry adjusted to the precipitation pattern of the study area, like other urban and wild populations of the species and other Neotropical insectivorous bats. Las zonas urbanas ofrecen entornos favorables para la ocupación por colonias de numerosos murciélagos insectívoros, indicando un buen suministro de recursos para su sustento. Diversos estudios han demostrado que los patrones reproductivos de los murciélagos neotropicales pueden ser estacionales en respuesta a la disponibilidad de recursos alimenticios. Para una población urbana de murciélagos insectívoros, estudiamos la actividad reproductiva anual y la dieta de Molossus molossus en la ciudad de Bucaramanga (Colombia) y su relación con el régimen de precipitaciones de la zona. Capturamos murciélagos mensualmente utilizando redes de niebla (octubre 2016 a septiembre 2017), incluyendo las estaciones seca y húmeda. La condición reproductiva de los machos se describió mediante histología testicular y, en las hembras, a través de la observación de caracteres morfológicos externos y el análisis de frotis vaginales. También se estudió el contenido estomacal de 30 de los murciélagos capturados y si cambia entre estaciones. Aunque no todas las hembras se encuentran en la misma categoría reproductiva cada mes, a nivel poblacional se observaron dos picos de preñez en las estaciones secas, con partos al inicio de las estaciones lluviosas. El análisis citológico de frotis vaginales optimizó la evaluación de la etapa reproductiva e indicó que todas las hembras adultas muestreadas eran reproductivas a lo largo del año. Los machos eran reproductivos durante todo el año, mostrando espermatozoides en los túbulos y conductos seminíferos. Los coleópteros (41,3%) y los himenópteros (37,7%) fueron las presas más importantes; la composición de la dieta y la cantidad de alimento consumido no variaron entre estaciones. Las hembras de esta población muestran un patrón de poliestría bimodal ajustado al régimen de precipitaciones de la zona de estudio, al igual que otras poblaciones urbanas y silvestres de la especie y otros murciélagos insectívoros neotropicales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Se presentan dos nuevos registros de especies de Coleoptera (Cerambycidae: Cerambycinae) para el Perú, Ironeus pulcher Bates, 1880 y Cotyclytus arriagadai Galileo, Martins & Santos-Silva, 2014. Además, se reporta el género Ironeus Bates, 1872 por primera vez para el país. Se presenta la distribución previa conocida para ambas especies, e información sobre el sitio de colecta en la localidad de Juanjui Departamento de San Martín Perú e imágenes de ambas especies.

Los escarabajos joya (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) es una de las familias de escarabajos más diversas, sin embargo, en Colombia su diversidad no ha sido previamente estudiada. Este trabajo representa el primer análisis de la diversidad de la familia basada en una revisión bibliográfica para el país. Se registran cuatro subfamilias, catorce tribus, 30 géneros y 147 especies. De las 147 especies registradas, 100 no cuentan con datos específicos de localidad y 67 son especies endémicas. La región Caribe y la región Andina representan el mayor número de registros, siendo el departamento de Cundinamarca, el que cuenta con el mayor número de especies. En Colombia, el conocimiento de la familia es escaso comparado con países vecinos, en los cuales la familia ha sido muy estudiada durante los últimos años. A partir de esta primera revisión, Colombia se ubica como uno de los países con mayor diversidad de Buprestidae en la región.

Orizabus australis fue descrita de Costa Rica como la especie con distribución más al sur en el género. A pesar de ser reportada para Panamá cerca de su localidad tipo, este es el primer registro del género y la especie para este país. Sobre las últimas propuestas sistemáticas en los Pentodonotini de América y junto a este nuevo registro, ocho géneros y 17 especies son actualmente conocidos para Panamá.

Este trabajo presenta el estado del conocimiento de los coleópteros acuáticos de Colombia, con énfasis en los listados de especies de 17 familias registradas en el territorio colombiano, los cuales han sido provistos por el Grupo Coleoptera de Colombia y publicados por el SiB-Colombia. Se aporta información actualizada de riqueza, diagnosis, hábitat y distribución geográfica de todas las familias de coleópteros acuáticos presentes en Colombia. Se registraron 241 especies en 112 géneros, los cuales son considerados como coleópteros acuáticos verdaderos, falsos o riparios según su asociación con los cuerpos de agua.

Se describe e ilustra una especie nueva de Salvia de la Cordillera Oriental de Colombia que tiene flores resupinadas, un raro atributo en este género. Se discute la circunscripción y composición de Salvia sección Tubiflorae a la cual se adscribe la nueva especie. Se propone la inclusión de la pequeña sección Killipiana (con dos especies de Colombia) dentro de la sección Tubiflorae. Se presenta una breve sinopsis de la sección Tubiflorae ampliada, que agrupa a 18 taxones (15 especies y tres subespecies) distribuidos desde México hasta Brasil (incluídas Las Antillas).

La descripción de señales de ecolocalización de las especies de murciélagos neotropicales, validadas con especímenes testigo, es vital para generar de llamadas de referencia. En Colombia, documentar las llamadas de ecolocalización es una tarea urgente que puede contribuir a entender la presencia de muchas especies de difícil registro. En esta nota hacemos una descripción de las señales de ecolocalización de Histiotus colombiae a partir de individuos grabados en vuelo libre fuera de un refugio en el municipio de Guachetá, departamento de Cundinamarca, Colombia. Obtuvimos siete grabaciones de H. colombiae. Las señales de ecolocalización se caracterizan por presentar un diseño de barrido de frecuencia modulada descendente con un componente de frecuencia cuasi constante, en un rango de frecuencias entre 20 KHz y 40 KHz.

Plumeria L. (Apocynaceae) is a Neotropical genus mostly restricted to the Caribbean, which is cultivated in tropical gardens worldwide. Almost all ~27 species are endemic to the Caribbean Islands, except for four (Plumeria inodora Jacq. Plumeria obtusa L. Plumeria pudica Jacq. and Plumeria rubra L.) that are native to Central America and northern South America. Cuba harbours the largest diversity of the genus, with 13 endemic species. We present the first molecular phylogeny of the genus based on the nucleotide sequences of the complete plastid genome. Partial plastid genomes of 11 Plumeria species and one closely related species (Himatanthus sp.) were sequenced using long-PCR and next-generation sequencing. The recovered clades mostly grouped by single islands or closely neighboring islands. The phylogenetic relationships indicate patterns of adaptive radiation, with ecological shifts within these island-based clades and a west-to-east colonization route in the region. Plumeria rubra and Himatanthus sp. were resolved as sister to the rest of the genus. One unexpected finding was that P. pudica , a species restricted to the southern Caribbean Basin mainland, was recovered within the clade containing the Caribbean Island endemics, rendering the endemic group polyphyletic. Our study provides a phylogenetic framework for future studies that will need to include nuclear molecular markers and a more extensive sampling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales is the property of Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Caldasia is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Caldasia is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Caldasia is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

La deforestación y la degradación de tierras debido al uso intensivo del suelo son amenazas predominantes para los bosques neotropicales. En este marco, la restauración ecológica (RE) se plantea como una alternativa para contrarrestar la pérdida de biodiversidad y de servicios ecosistémicos, lo cual continúa siendo un reto y una prioridad global. La nucleación es una técnica que busca formar microhábitats que faciliten la regeneración natural y amplíen las interacciones entre organismos, promoviendo la sucesión ecológica. Aunque la formación de islas de árboles (nucleación aplicada) se usa a menudo por su relación costo-efectividad en comparación con otras alternativas de RE, su implementación en bosques neotropicales enfrenta desafíos que van desde la definición de objetivos precisos hasta su escalamiento a grandes áreas. En nuestro trabajo presentamos un panorama de las alternativas de nucleación para restaurar áreas de bosques tropicales, y evaluamos 1) sus fundamentos, condiciones y beneficios; 2) los estudios teóricos y experimentales, y 3) los desafíos para aplicarla en diferentes escenarios de restauración. Observamos que la nucleación es un modelo de restauración adaptable a escenarios con variabilidad en el potencial de recuperación y que abarca múltiples objetivos mediante diversas técnicas. Pese a que los estudios se han centrado en comparar resultados a corto plazo entre la nucleación aplicada y otras estrategias, la composición y la selección de especies, las configuraciones alternativas para la combinación de técnicas y el escalamiento a grandes áreas son temas que permanecen poco abordados. Sugerimos la implementación y el monitoreo de la nucleación deben orientarse hacia la experimentación dentro de los proyectos, y que la investigación futura debería considerar tratamientos alternativos con miras a una gestión adaptativa.

Copyright of Ornitologia Colombiana is the property of Asociacion Colombiana de Ornitologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Intropica is the property of Revista Intropica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Cryptotis goodwini species group of small-eared shrews (Eulipotyphla, Soricidae) includes at least 12 species discontinuously distributed in the cloud forests from southern Mexico to Honduras. Its taxonomy is still under study, with several species described only in the last decade. Previous genetic studies have highlighted that a population from El Triunfo Biosphere Reserve in Chiapas, Mexico, previously assigned to C. goodwini , is evolutionarily divergent from the other known species. However, the available specimens from this region have not been examined rigorously. Herein, I use morphological and biogeographic analyses to evaluate the taxonomic status of this population. The results confirm that it is an independent lineage, which I describe here as a new species endemic to Mexico. Overall, this is the largest shrew within the C. goodwini group. Its morphological and genetic distinction is probably due to long-term geographic isolation in the mountains of El Triunfo. I present what is now the first and only record of C. goodwini (sensu stricto) for Mexico. Finally, I identify some priority regions to direct field surveys on the C. goodwini species group to better understand its richness and distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chrysochlamys montieliae, a new species of the Clusiaceae family, Clusioideae subfamily, Clusieae tribe, from the Cordillera Azul National Park, Department of Loreto, is described and illustrated. Following the IUCN criteria, we propose to categorize it as Data Deficient (DD), since it is only known from the type locality. In addition, their relationships with related species are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Se reportan tres especies de Anophelinae: Anopheles albimanus Wiedemann, 1820, An. marajoara Galvão y Damasceno, 1942 y An. pseudopunctipennis Theobald, 1901 en el casco urbano y periurbano de Cabudare, municipio Palavecino, estado Lara, Venezuela. De acuerdo con la definición ecogeográfica de vectores maláricos, las especies son propias de la zona estudiada, pero su captura e identificación constituye la primera evidencia de su existencia para el municipio. Con esta información se confirma la presencia de vectores en una localidad considerada de baja incidencia en malaria.

Se presenta una sinopsis del género Rhytidometopum Hebard, 1920, con la descripción de una nueva especie para Venezuela, que constituye la segunda para el país y la cuarta para el género. Los caracteres de mayor importancia taxonómica son debidamente descritos e ilustrados. Se provee una clave bilingüe para la identificación de las especies. Adicionalmente se incorporan dos registros de especies de cucarachas venezolanas omitidos en una contribución previa del grupo.

Se reporta un caso de hematofagia indirecta en el que participó la araña saltarina Frigga pratensis (Peckham y Peckham) al consumir un ejemplar hembra de Aedes albopictus Skuse en la ciudad de Chetumal, Quintana Roo, México. Este es el primer registro de tan inusual fenómeno en el Neotrópico; se discute si se trata de un caso aislado o existen implicancias ecológicas mayores.

Leopardus guigna (Molina, 1782) is a felid commonly called the kodkod. It is the smallest cat in the Americas—about the size of a small house cat—and is 1 of 13 species in the genus Leopardus. Leopardus guigna has the smallest distribution of any New World felid, restricted to southern Chile and Argentina where it is strongly associated with the Chilean Matorral and Valdivian Temperate Rainforest ecoregions. Leopardus guigna is listed on Appendix II of the Convention for the International Trade of Endangered Species and as "Vulnerable" (VU) by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature due to habitat loss and fragmentation, human persecution, and its declining population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A characterization of the trophic groups of the invertebrate communities in three streams and channels of the alluvial plains of the Colombian Orinoquia is presented. The sampling of the communities was carried out in three streams during July (2016), October (2016), and January (2017). Physicochemical [temperature (°C), dissolved oxygen (mg l-1 O2), pH, conductivity (μS cm-1), ammonia (μg l-1 NH4+), and phosphates (μg l-1PO4-)] and hydrological (flow m3 s-1) variables were measured. In 50 m reaches of each sampling site, five samples of macroinvertebrates were taken in rocky substrates. Organisms were identified, and diversity was determined using the Shannon index. The comparison between sampling points was made using the Morisita-Horn index and the multivariate analysis between temporality, physicochemical variables, and organisms was performed with the Redundancy Analysis (RDA). The stomach contents of the collected individuals were identified for the more representative genera, and each genus was assigned to a specific trophic group according to their intestinal contents and mouthparts. The Collectors-Gatherers were the most abundant group in the three streams, and their high number was maintained during all the samplings. However, their abundance and richness reached their maximum peak during the dry season. The RDA indicated that water flow and temperature partially explain the temporal variation in the occurrence and abundance of the different trophic groups. In general, the findings show that organisms adapt their diet to the offer available in their environment, and therefore it is important to classify them trophically in the different ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plant–animal interactions constitute some of the most important ecological processes for the maintenance of tropical forests. Bats are the only group of mammals capable of true flight and have been recognized as important dispersers of pioneer and secondary successional plant species. Although progress has been made in the study of Neotropical bats, morphological variation of the wing and its influence on niche separation between species is unknown. We evaluated relationships among habitat structures of selected Colombian tropical dry forest patches, the diet through interaction networks, and wing morphology of 11 species of bats in the Stenodermatinae subfamily (297 individuals) using geometric morphometry in a phylogenetic context. The results indicate that the phylogenetic signal for wing size is greater than for wing shape, thus providing some evidence for evolutionary convergence. Wing shape variation was associated primarily with the distal anatomical tip of the third finger and the joint between the humerus and the radius and ulna. Species with wide, short wings, as in the genus Artibeus had generalist diets and less nested positions within the interaction networks. In contrast, species with elongated and pointed wings, such as Sturnira and Platyrrhinus , had specialized diets and more nested positions within the interaction networks. We argue that wing shape variation may play an important role as a source of interspecific variation leading to food specialization within tropical bat communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increased cattle ranching in Neotropical landscapes has led to human–wildlife conflicts that complicate the relationship between agricultural production and biodiversity conservation. We review the literature related to conflicts between livestock production and the common vampire bat Desmodus rotundus, specifically, the factors that influence the incidence of problems caused by bites to cattle. We summarise the strategies proposed to reduce these problems and propose actions from the perspectives of cattle management, landscape ecology and the biology of the common vampire bat. The literature shows that free‐range extensive management systems, where cattle graze in areas with forest cover, near riparian zones, caves, secondary vegetation (generally shrublands and immature trees), and vegetation fragments and edges, increase the implications and the severity of the conflict. As a result of different selection forces, the wing morphology and echolocation characteristics of the common vampire bat facilitate its movement under these landscape conditions, thus favouring a scenario of greater interaction with cattle. We propose the establishment of a 'buffer zone' to separate the cattle as far as possible (at least 1 km) from the elements of the landscape that are key for the movement patterns of common vampire bats in cattle ranching areas. The feeding events of this species are positively associated with host availability and landscape elements that provide habitat and connectivity, which shows that the cause of this conflict originates from the process of cattle production and the invasion of the habitat of the common vampire bat. Anti‐rabies vaccination programmes in cattle and forest–cattle separation are the most important strategies to minimise conflict and prevent rabies outbreaks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The genus Epanycles Butler (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Ctenuchina) has been considered as monotypical for 145 years, including only Epanycles imperialis (Walker). Herein, we propose a new combination: E. satania new. comb. based on external morphology, genital morphology of males and females, morphological phylogeny, DNA barcoding, and geographical distribution. Epanycles satania was originally described for the genus Episcepsis Butler. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new species of the genus Acanthocyclops is described from temporal freshwater bodies in the Sian Ka'an and Calakmul Biosphere Reserves in Southeast Mexico. Acanthocyclops fiersi n. sp. represents the third species of the genus described from the Neotropics, only after A. rebecae and A. smithae. Acanthocyclops fiersi n. sp., is recognized as a member of the A. vernalis-robustus species-complex, and its clear divergence with respect to its congeners was supported using comparative morphology and molecular methods. The mtCOI marker revealed a 0.54% K2P divergence within populations of A. fiersi n. sp. and 17.6-22.41% with respect to other members of the A. vernalis-robustus species-complex. Acanthocyclops fiersi n. sp. might be restricted to the Yucatán Peninsula. Comments about the likely underestimated regional diversity of Acanthocyclops and the need of further studies in the Neotropics are provided. An identification key to the species of Acanthocyclops distributed in Mexico is included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales is the property of Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

RESUMO A descrição da nova espécie para o Brasil, Cheilolejeunea savannae L.P. Macedo, Ilk.-Borg. & C.J. Bastos, suscitou a necessidade de rever muitos espécimes identificados previamente como Cheilolejeunea intertexta (Lindenb.) Steph., objetivando o refinamento do conceito desta espécie e a sua real distribuição no Brasil. O presente estudo também resultou no restabelecimento de Cheilolejeunea compacta (Steph.) M.E. Reiner, previamente considerada como sinônimo de C. intertexta, como táxon distinto. Foi demonstrado, também, que C. savannae tem distribuição mais ampla no Brasil e especialmente no Estado da Bahia, comparativamente à C. intertexta e C. compacta. Descrições e uma chave para a separação das três espécies aqui reconhecidas são apresentadas.

Se describe e ilustra Chrysochlamys montieliae, nueva especie de la familia Clusiaceae, subfamilia Clusioideae, tribu Clusieae, procedente del Parque Nacional Cordillera Azul, del Departamento de Loreto. Siguiendo los criterios de la UICN, proponemos categorizarla como Datos Insuficientes (DD), debido a que solo es conocida de la localidad tipo. Igualmente, se discute sus relaciones con las especies afines.

Se presenta la sinopsis del género Micropholis (Sapotaceae) en Colombia. Se incluye la descripción del género, una clave de identificación de las especies, la descripción de cada una, su distribución geográfica y su fenología. La sinopsis se hizo con base en el estudio de ejemplares de las colecciones de siete herbarios, la observación de algunas especies en su hábitat natural y el estudio de imágenes digitales de los especímenes tipo. Aunque en la última revisión taxonómica se registraron cinco especies en Colombia, el catálogo de plantas y líquenes sugiere la presencia de 18 especies en el país y colecciones posteriores han elevado este número a 19, las cuales se encuentran distribuidas especialmente en los bosques húmedos de tierras bajas, sobre todo en la Amazonía y en el occidente del país. M. guyanensis y M. venulosa son las especies más ampliamente distribuidas en el país.