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This is the first record of the biggest Metriorhynchidae, aff. Plesiosuchus sp. in France. The remains consist of a partial vertebral column consisting of 11 vertebrae and an ischium fragment. A new method is proposed to evaluate the individual's size, which is estimated at 6.5 m. This method, unlike previous approaches, is based only on vertebrae and yields results that are congruent with those based on cranial remains. The state of preservation has allowed us to test the animal's 'profile of locomotion' to better interpret how it moved. Concerning other metriorhynchids, the record of Dakosaurus in France based only on teeth must be reassessed, and the genus Torvoneustes, if valid, has to be distinguished from Plesiosuchus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An articulated group of skeletal elements comprising a sacrum, both ilia and a first caudal vertebra, plus an isolated tooth found in immediate proximity to the bones, from the lower Cenomanian Chalk at Saint-Jouin-Bruneval (Seine-Maritime, Normandy, France) is described and attributed to a new genus and species of abelisaurid theropod, Caletodraco cottardi, on the basis of several characters of the sacrum and pelvis. The peculiar shape of the transverse process of the first caudal vertebra shows that Caletodraco cottardi differs from majungasaurine abelisaurids previously described from Europe, such as Arcovenator escotae, and belongs to the Furileusauria, a group of derived abelisaurids hitherto recognized only from South America. The presence of a furileusaurian abelisaurid in the Cenomanian of Normandy suggests that the biogeographical history of the Abelisauridae in Europe was more complex than hitherto admitted. Several previously described European abelisaurids, such as the Albian Genusaurus sisteronis, may in fact belong to the Furileusauria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

İngiltere Kralı I. Henry 1120 yılında yaşanan trajik Beyaz Gemi kazasıyla tek meşru erkek çocuğunu ve tahtın yasal varisini kaybetmişti. Kazadan iki sene önce kraliçesini de kaybetmiş olan Henry’nin, kendisinden sonra tahta çıkarak Anglo-Norman devletinin kıta ve adadaki birliğini koruyacak yasal bir varise ihtiyacı vardı; fakat kalan tek meşru çocuğu kızı Matilda’ydı. Verasetin belirsizliği, Henry’nin gayrimeşru çocuklarından bazılarının ve yeğenlerinin taht adaylığını gündeme getiriyordu. Üstelik yirmi senedir esaret altında tuttuğu abisi Robert’ın meşru çocuğu William Clito etrafında şekillenen kıta ittifakı hem Normandiya topraklarını hem de İngiliz tahtını tehdit ediyordu. Henry sıra dışı bir hamle yaparak damadı V. Heinrich’in ölümünden sonra dul kalan kızı Matilda’yı yasal varisi ilan etmişti. Anglo-Norman soyluları Matilda’nın varis olmasını kabul etmişlerse de Henry’nin ölümünün ardından İngiltere tahtına Matilda değil, Henry’nin yeğeni Stephen oturmuştu. Stephen’ın kral olmasıyla birlikte Matilda ve ona bağlı soyluların ayaklanması İngiltere’yi iç savaşa sürükledi. Bu çalışma Matilda’nın İngiltere tahtına çıkamamasının ardında yatan nedenleri incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Anglosakson ve Norman veraset geleneğinde bulunmamasına rağmen bir kadın olarak Matilda’nın varis yapılması, Henry’nin ölümünün ardından Stephen’ın tahta çıkması ve iç savaş sırasında Matilda’nın tutumu çağdaş kaynaklar yardımıyla incelenmiş; Matilda’nın neden kraliçe olamadığı sorusuna cevap aranmıştır.

Copyright of Journal of Selcuk University Social Sciences Institute / Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi is the property of Journal of Selcuk University Social Sciences Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article explores William of Poitiers’ Gesta Guillelmi for its failed manuscript transmission. In spite of possessing various advantages, literary and social, the work found very few readers and was soon forgotten. It is proposed that the transmission relied on, or consisted of, an untidy autograph, lost in the eighteenth century. According to Orderic Vitalis, William did not complete the work due to “unfavourable circumstances”, probably related to the latter’s connection to the Conqueror. The essay contributes to two burgeoning scholarly discussions, on authorial publishing and on why some works failed to find readers.

A small corpus of unusual contracts found in various 14th-century notarial registers from western Normandy raises questions about the ability of Norman communities to circumvent customary rules, whether in order to be married, to establish common property, or to anticipate succession. Together, this prompts us to consider both the legal capacity of married women and the role played by 14th-century crises in these arrangements.

Copyright of Cahiers Victoriens & Edouardiens is the property of Presses Universitaires de la Mediterranee and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The study of modern cave deposits forming under near isotopic equilibrium conditions can potentially help disentangle the processes influencing the oxygen isotope system and suitability of stalagmites as archives of past hydrological or thermal changes. We used cave monitoring to evaluate the impact of kinetic isotope fractionation and assess the conditions under which modern cave carbonates form in the Caumont cave and quarry system, located in Normandy, northwest France. Over 20 months, we collected climatological data, dripwater, and modern carbonate samples at 2–4-week intervals at three different stations inside the Caumont cave and quarry system. We find highly stable (10.4 ± 0.3°C – 11.3 ± 0.1°C) temperature in the deeper sections of the Caumont cave and quarry system. The temporal dynamics of δ18Odrip indicates that the drip water composition in Caumont reflects the original (though subdued) signal of precipitation, rather than the impact the seasonal to inter-annual cave air temperature has on isotopic fractionation. The monitoring reveals that δ13C of modern carbonate is influenced by prior carbonate precipitation that occurs during the summer season when evapotranspiration can minimize effective infiltration. Comparison of δ18O from dripwater and modern calcite, precipitated on glass plates and collected every two to four weeks, reveals that modern calcite forms near oxygen isotope equilibrium. A Hendy test on modern carbonate deposited on a stalagmite-shaped glass flask over 20 months confirms this finding because neither does δ13C increase with distance from the apex, nor are δ13C and δ18O positively correlated. We conclude that the δ13C signal in speleothems reflect summer (and longer-term) prior carbonate precipitation in response to effective infiltration dynamics, and that the δ18O signal likely reflects annual to multi-annual changes in the composition of precipitation above the cave. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Can the healthcare supply crisis be mitigated by territorial teleconsultation ? Initial lessons for Normandy. Since 2018, and at an increasingly rapid pace, private companies have been deploying medical teleconsultation booths and kiosks throughout the national territory in easily accessible public places, mainly in pharmacies. These devices are developed by private companies from the French Tech movement, with the dual argument of fighting against medical desertification and anticipating the aging of the population, on the assumption that advancing age will in fact lead to greater needs in terms of healthcare provision across the national territory. Against a backdrop of discourse against neglect of the territory, with the agreement and sometimes active participation of local public actors, private teleconsultation kiosks are rapidly being deployed. They fit into the current of "technological solutionism" and present themselves as a remedy for the crisis in the health and social sector, which continues to worsen across the entire national territory. The situation in Normandy reveals that the ongoing deployment of medical teleconsultation booths is dynamic in medically vulnerable areas, but currently does not address the hardest hit zones by the shortage of Norman doctors. The article concludes with an initial report of usage, ultimately showing that these devices are especially appreciated for their ability to respond to medical emergencies and the recurring follow-up of patients who do not live in medical desertification zones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the legal battle between Catholics and Huguenots over the articles of the Edict of Nantes from 1650 to 1685 in Normandy. Their legal disputes show us how seventeenth‐century French people perceived the issues of religious tolerance and coexistence by focusing on how the edict's articles controlling Protestant worship spaces were interpreted and implemented. Norman Catholics attempted to outlaw Protestant temples, but they had to move within the edict's authority. Norman Huguenots still could deflect unfavorable decisions through legal recourse based on the edict. Even if confessional antagonism remained alive, and the Revocation finally upended the legal cohabitation of the two confessions, the legal battle reveals that by transforming the main character of religious conflict from a deadly fight to a judicial matter, French Catholics and Protestants bit by bit adapted into a new type of confessional relationship: coexisting with "abominable heretics." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents new estimates of wages for Normandy between 1600 and 1850. We use a vast array of primary and secondary sources to assemble two new databases on wages and commodity prices to establish a new regional consumer price index (CPI) and twelve regional wage series. We find that unskilled labourers earned similar wages across the agricultural, maritime, and textile sectors. Historical evidence suggests that Norman employers grappled with a tight labour market, which placed more pressure on wage increases. We posit that this situation is best explained by the combination of the early fertility transition, resulting in slow demographic growth and the rapid development of the textile industry accelerated by the arrival of cotton. Finally, we also provide tentative evidence suggesting that labourers with stable employment could have earned a little less than their English counterparts during this period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The history of Falaise, a Normandy town, has been marked by two key historical events: the construction of William the Conqueror’s castle, and the battle of the “Falaise pocket”, the cause of major destruction at the end of the Second World War. These two events can still be seen in the urban landscape, particularly during the medieval festivals held every year around the castle, which still dominates the town, and at the memorial built to keep alive the memory of the population’s suffering.

Body fossils have been discovered in the Fortunian deposits of the Rozel Cape, in Normandy (NW France). The material consists of about 80 specimens preserved on a shale surface, recently observed at the base of a cliff at the Cap Rozel, in the Cotentin region. The fossils, centimetric in size, have an elliptical outline, with a peripheral bulge, generally without other conspicuous ornamentation, but showing sometimes concentric or radial lines possibly of taphonomic origins. In addition, these body fossils are preserved parallel to the bedding plane, locally rich in horizontal trace fossils (e.g. Archaeonassa Fenton & Fenton, 1937, Helminthoidichnites Fitch, 1850, Helminthopsis Heer, 1877) and also complex treptichinids burrows (e.g. Treptichnus pedum (Seilacher, 1955)) sometimes associated with microbial mats. The sedimentological characteristics of these deposits (ripple marks, syneresis cracks) correspond to a shallow marine shelf environment, with a variable hydrodynamism in the intertidal zone, low for surfaces showing elliptic fossils and syneresis cracks, higher for surfaces with ripple marks. These new discoveries unravel the potential of the Fortunian strata from Normandy and provide new information about the early Cambrian biocenoses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Review of The Normans: Power, Conquest and Culture in 11th-Century Europe. By Judith A. Green. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2022. ISBN978-0-300-18033-6. ix + 351 pp. £25.

The Covid-19 crisis had the consequence of modifying the relationship of people to living in it with a major place taken by digital technology in many sectors (work, administration, commerce, etc.). It also changed the relationship of the French to teleconsultation, going from anecdotal experiences to an almost compulsory recourse during this period : 18.4 million acts were reimbursed by Health Insurance, at the heart of the crisis in 2020. Now, and yet outside confinement, teleconsultation is envisaged by the public authorities, by certain doctors and by a certain number of patients, as a solution to medical desertification, the aging of the population and the emergency crisis. At the crossroads of health geography and digital geography, this thesis aims to answer the following question: is “autonomous” or “accompanied” teleconsultation able to reverse socio-territorial difficulties. The thesis is based on the Normandy field and finally considers the impact of these new care solutions from an analysis of feedback from use.

Created as part of a Normandy Interest Network (RIN) project, entitled EDeTeN (Enjeux du Développement de la Télémédecine en Normandie), the serious game Communaut'Health is a role-playing game. It is the culmination of a prospective work in geography and planning, allowing the actors of the Havre Urban Community to project themselves into their future territorial strategy in the field of e-health. Between cooperation and competition, players, taking on the role of mayor of one of the municipalities in the intermunicipal cooperation, must produce a community policy in the digital age to combat medical desertification and anticipate the effects of population aging. This text provides an opportunity to review the course of the game and the feedback observed during the various sessions

Conflicts over dam removal have attracted substantial scholarly attention over the past years, although this research has generally focused on evaluating local-scale conflicts. Far less is known about the role of institutional frameworks in shaping conflicts at regional and national scales. We complement and extend this discussion by highlighting the politics of scale in dam removal conflicts, specifically by a comparison of cases in northwest of France and New England (United States) where the pace of dam removals has accelerated in recent years. We interpret these cases using a framework of scalar politics articulated with actor-network theory. Based on detailed qualitative data, we contrast the case of France, where local conflicts over dam removal have been debated at the national scale, with the debates about dam removal in New England, which have consistently remained almost entirely at local scales. We point out three elements to analyze this contrast: the strategic scale of deployment by opponents to further their interest, the role of dams as brokering devices to foster the horizontal network of actors and things prior to upscaling, and the support on existing scalar arrangements to upscale conflicts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A paper dedicated to the identification of a Polish soldier from the 1st Armoured Division under the command of General Stanisław Maczek, who fell in 1944 in Normandy, during World War II. The remains were found at the Urville-Langannerie Polish War Cemetery. A team from the Department of Forensic Genetics at the Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, commissioned by the Ministry of Culture Heritage and Sport, exhumed the remains in order to carry out genetic identification tests. A comprehensive anthropological analysis of the heavily degraded remains was carried out, and biological samples were secured for genetic testing. The identification of Jan Dusza is the first case of restoring the identity of an active combatant from the First Armoured Division. In the case analysis, the analysis of mitochondrial DNA in highly degraded biological material proved crucial. Genetic studies decided to reject the original historical hypothesis No. I at their preliminary stage. Regarding hypothesis No. II, a comprehensive genetic analysis of mitochondrial and autosomal DNA was carried out. Comparative material was obtained from the alleged victim's sister. Thanks to the analysis of kinship in the maternal line based on the mtDNA haplotype, it was possible to establish that the remains belong to Jan Dusza, who served in the Podhale Rifle Battalion, part of the Polish 1st Armoured Division. The research was co-financed by the Polish Ministry of Heritage and National Culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ritual, Secrecy & Civil Society is the property of Policy Studies Organization and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Polydorid species (Annelida, Spionidae), which inhabit the shells of the commercially important oyster Crassostrea gigas, were investigated along the coast of Normandy, France. Eight species, including five new records for Normandy (Polydora onagawaensis, Polydora websteri, Boccardia pseudonatrix, Boccardia proboscidea, and Boccardiella hamata) and two first records in European waters (P. onagawaensis and B. pseudonatrix), were identified based on morphological, molecular biological, and ecological characteristics. Polydora onagawaensis, which belongs to the Polydora ciliata/websteri complex, was discovered in the shells of wild and suspended cultured oysters, as well as in limestone substrates. In the phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial COI gene sequences, specimens of P. onagawaensis collected from Normandy were grouped together with specimens from the USA into a single clade and were distinguished from the other three lineages that comprised Japanese and USA specimens. Polydora websteri inhabited shells of suspended cultured oysters. Polydora hoplura, Dipolydora giardi, and Dipolydora sp. were observed in shells from the sandy oyster culture grounds. Boccardiella hamata has been found in wild oyster shells from muddy oyster culture grounds. Boccardia pseudonatrix was observed in the shells of both the wild and cultured oysters. Adult and juvenile Boccardia proboscidea were observed in coralline algae, as well as in suspended cultured oysters. Mud tubes were observed to protrude from the outer surface of the shells, and abnormal black and calcareous deposits were secreted on the inner surface of the shells against polydorid penetration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adopting a class-based approach to the agricultural world, this article proposes a holistic analysis of agri-food justice, one that takes into account production as well as consumption. Empirical material is drawn from field work for a PhD thesis on the vegetable and market gardening supply chains in Normandy, France, including surveys and semi-directive interviews. The goal is to move beyond a binary, dominating-dominated perspective and to focus instead on how social inequalities create situations of food injustice. To this end, the first section describes the organisation of the vegetable and market gardening worlds into five social class fractions. Next, an analysis is provided of one fraction of vegetable growers, those experiencing 'incomplete bourgeoisification' (embourgeoisement), and how they are dominated by the agri-food senior executive. Agricultural alternatives have been developed to counter these forms of injustice but have at the same time structured new food inequalities in their turn. Finally, through the observation of fractions at the bottom of the agricultural social hierarchy, the paper considers how these same alternatives can also constitute resources against the employment insecurity suffered by the working classes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The D-Day beaches in Normandy are a changing tourist area. Remembrance tourism linked to the D-Day is an essential element for the local economy. For Normandy, it represents a real “trademark” and a sector that energises the whole region. The sports events, which are the focus of our study, have been part of this tourism and remembrance enterprise locally and resolutely for several decades. In an original way, this tries to make the Normandy region more and more attractive. Initiated by “Les Courants de la Liberté” from 1988, then taken up or diversified by various associations or private organisers, “Les Marathons de la Liberté”, the “Ultra D-Day Trail” and other D-Day races have multiplied in recent years and punctuate the annual commemorations of the D-Day Landings. How do these sporting events contribute to the development of territorial resources and participate in the heritage of this coastal area? This article aims to understand the tourism issues and the resonance of these sporting events on the D-Day landing beaches. The various sporting events studied, focusing in particular on running and its variations, are conceived as hybrid events, in the sense that they combine commemoration and sporting challenge. To do this, the organisers work on and insist on the spectacularisation of the events and take part in an ongoing tourist transition.

In Normandy, near Rouen, in Tournedos-sur-Seine and Val-de-Reuil, two adult skeletons thrown into wells during the Middle Ages have been studied. The wells are located at two separate sites just 3 km apart. Both sites consist of clustered settlements inhabited from the seventh to the tenth century and arranged around a cemetery. The backfill of the well shafts contains animal remains, but also partially or completely articulated human bodies. In Val-de-Reuil, the incomplete skeleton of a man, probably representing a secondary deposition, had traces of a violent blow on the skull, certainly with a blunt weapon. In Tournedos-sur-Seine, a woman thrown in headfirst had several impact points and bone fractures on the skull that could have been caused by perimortem mistreatment or a violent death. After a detailed description of the two finds and a contextualisation in the light of similar published cases, we will discuss the possible scenarios for the death and deposition of the individuals as well as their place in their communities.

The Middle Neolithic in western Europe is characterized by monumental funerary structures, known as megaliths, along the Atlantic façade. The first manifestations of this phenomenon occurred in modern-day France with the long mounds of the Cerny culture. Here, we present genome-wide data from the fifth-millennium BCE site of Fleury-sur-Orne in Normandy (France), famous for its impressively long monuments built for selected individuals. The site encompasses 32 monuments of variable sizes, containing the burials of 19 individuals from the Neolithic period. To address who was buried at the site, we generated genome-wide data for 14 individuals, of whom 13 are males, completing previously published data [M. Rivollat et al., Sci. Adv. 6, eaaz5344 (2020)]. Population genetic and Y chromosome analyses show that the Fleury-sur-Orne group fits within western European Neolithic genetic diversity and that the arrival of a new group is detected after 4,000 calibrated BCE. The results of analyzing uniparentally inherited markers and an overall low number of long runs of homozygosity suggest a patrilineal group practicing female exogamy. We find two pairs of individuals to be father and son, buried together in the same monument/grave. No other biological relationship can link monuments together, suggesting that each monument was dedicated to a genetically independent lineage. The combined data and documented father–son line of descent suggest a male-mediated transmission of sociopolitical authority. However, a single female buried with an arrowhead, otherwise considered a symbol of power of the male elite of the Cerny culture, questions a strictly biological sex bias in the burial rites of this otherwise “masculine” monumental cemetery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Allied landing in Normandy on June 6, 1944 are at the origin of the progressive production of a tourist and memorial territory on 80 kilometers of coastline stretching from Utah Beach to Sword Beach and more or less unified under the name of D-Day Landing Beaches. While institutions and museums are preparing today to celebrate the 80th anniversary of the D-Day, a memorial tourism has developed through a multitude of museums that occupy, narrate and saturate the coastal and retro-coastal space. The objective of this article is threefold. First, it aims to understand the role of the museum offer in the tourist system by analyzing the strong heterogeneity of types of museums and their unequal territorial distribution, which shows an American overrepresentation in the collective imagination. The second objective is then to address the changes affecting these museums since the 2010s and to evaluate their capacity for reinvention, particularly in light of the experiential turn taken by a majority of private museums. Finally, the awareness of climate change impacts testifies to an ongoing shift towards a more sustainable museum that is also a key stakeholder in designing adaptation strategies for coastal territories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the results of a “citizen consultation” organised by local public officials through a questionnaire-based consultation approach to the management of urban and peri-urban forests. The study shows how forests are at the same time strong, complex, and ambivalent policy levers in a public consultation process. The article, first of all, specifies the economic context of the case study, namely that of a metropolis in the north of France with a population of 500,000 people. It then presents the methods and the occasionally divergent results of the metropolitan “dialogue” survey (dated 2020, n = 375) on the one hand, and a university survey (dated 2020, n = 774) on the other. The results obtained reveal the challenges, difficulties, and limits of a participatory approach, given the high degree of ambivalence and contrast in the way population groups relate to woodland and the representative/participatory systems. The article highlights the complexity involved in the management of woodlands and their use as part of a political process that is both participatory and sustainable.

This study of the Society of the Friends of the Constitution of Honfleur (Calvados), a club born at the beginning of 1791 and quickly affiliated with the Jacobins of Paris, allows us to bring to light the different ways in which political life spreads from the capital to each commune, but above all how politics becomes a means of exercising domination by taking advantage of the new administrative and political structures born of the upheaval of 1789. Indeed, through their ties with the municipality, the Jacobins of Honfleur often succeeded in influencing decisions and defending local and national political interests. Furthermore, due to its social composition, and, even more so, due to the small circle of those who took over its leadership, the club also became a place for the defence of the social hegemony of naval officers, merchants and master craftsmen who used it as a tool to promote their economic interests.

Copyright of Ad Limina. Revista de investigacion del Camino de Santiag y las peregrinaciones is the property of AD LIMINA Turismo de Galicia SA de Xestion do Plan Xacobeo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Climatologie is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The manuscript Avranches, Bibliothèque patrimoniale, 159 is an extraordinary piece of evidence for the writing of universal chronicles in twelfth century Normandy. It contains the “working-copy” of the chronicle of Robert of Torigni (1106-1186), abbot of Mont Saint-Michel, an update and continuation of the universal chronicle of Sigibert of Gembloux (1030-1112). The purpose of this paper is to elucidate the visual and textual features that make Avranches 159 Robert of Torigni’s Liber Chronicorum. With his chronography, Robert of Torigni aimed to join the authoritative Eusebius-Jeromian tradition of chronicle-writing. Whilst maintaining the visual unity of the manuscript, Robert altered its chronographic structure to include the Anglo-Saxon and the Anglo-Norman past as the realization of the divine plan. As contextualized in the visual totality of Avranches 159, Robert of Torigni’s chronography appears as a sophisticated textual project that aimed to integrate Henry II’s dynastic past into universal history to enhance the legitimacy of the English king.

A large suite of specimens belonging to the Early Bajocian Stephanoceras from Évrecy (Normandy, France) displays wide variation in conch and sculpture. The quantitative analysis of the conch geometry and its ontogeny on the basis of more than 50 sectioned specimens reveals major problems in the separation of species within the assemblage; clear morphological boundaries between possible species cannot be established. The material shows wide variation in sculpture and conch parameters throughout ontogeny, and correlation between the characters is weak. With the study of conch ontogeny, it is possible to separate dimorphs, as microconchs show a sudden change in the conch parameters (umbilical egression, change in the shape of the whorl profile). The onset of these changes varies in the assemblage between 40 and 75 mm conch diameter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Annals of the University of Oradea, Romanian Language & Literature Fascicule / Analele Universităţii din Oradea. Seria Filologie, Fascicula Limba şi Literatura Română is the property of University of Oradea, Faculty of Letters and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Sea cucumber taxonomy and systematics has in the past heavily relied on gross external and internal anatomy, ossicle assemblage in different tissues, and molecular characterisation, with coloration, habitat, and geographical and bathymethric distribution also considered important parameters. In the present paper, we made these observations and techniques in detail and complemented them with the novel technique of micro-computed tomography of the calcareous ring. We investigated a single European species, the so-called gravel sea cucumber, Neopentadactyla mixta (Östergren, 1898), using recently collected material from the Chausey Islands, Normandy, France. We redescribed the species, illustrated its ossicle assemblage through scanning electron microscopy, and visualised the calcareous ring through stacking photography and through micro-CT scanning. Additionally, a DNA fragment of 955 base pairs of the 18S ribosomal RNA gene was sequenced from one specimen, which showed a high similarity with the only sequence of N. mixta publicly available. We completed this integrative study by providing a detailed distribution of the occurrence of N. mixta based on published, verifiable accounts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Far from being limited to strictly environmental stakes, energy transition gives mainly rise to political, social and economic stakes. It is accordingly important not to reduce the deployability of technology to its technoscientific benefits. The introduction of Hydrogen as an energy vector is a great opportunity to gain insight into tensions and stakes that are extrinsic to technoscientific issues. This is because Hydrogen is at the same time widely known as a chemical element and completely unknown as to the infrastructure and the practices that its deployment would really entail. It is thus possible to analyze the perceptions of an industrial technology before its deployment and to observe the limits of looking at social acceptability as a mere consequence of that technology.

Can a lay person help a specialist – the “knowing” person – to better understand his own field ? Can he effectively participate in the creation of new knowledge alongside the specialist ? This article presents an original experimental device, proposing to laypersons-neophytes to test a technological project integrated in the ecological transition path that a French region, Normandy, has chosen for itself. New technical questions, unthought of social problems and astonishments on the way the project is conducted, laypersons-neophytes will push to favor the emergence of another path of energy transition and will make the difficulties appear, or perhaps the impossibility of mingling two different projects in a single final result – i.e. a hydrogen training boat and an industrial demonstrator. We hope the good results of this experimental device will keep the reflection going on the role of laypersons-neophytes in participatory devices and raise the question of their productive technical legitimacy.

Conodont elements are calcium phosphate (apatite structure) mineralized remains of the cephalic feeding apparatus of an extinct marine organism. Due to the high affinity of apatite for rare earth elements (REE) and other high field strength elements (HFSE), conodont elements were frequently assumed to be a reliable archive of sea-water composition and changes that had occurred during diagenesis. Likewise, the crystallinity index of bioapatite, i.e., the rate of crystallinity of biologically mediated apatite, should be generally linearly dependent on diagenetic alteration as the greater (and longer) the pressure and temperature to which a crystal is exposed, the greater the resulting crystallinity. In this study, we detected the uptake of HFSE in conodont elements recovered from a single stratigraphic horizon in the Upper Ordovician of Normandy (France). Assuming therefore that all the specimens have undergone an identical diagenetic history, we have assessed whether conodont taxonomy (and morphology) impacts HFSE uptake and crystallinity index. We found that all conodont elements are characterized by a clear diagenetic signature, with minor but significant differences among taxa. These distinctions are evidenced also by the crystallinity index values which show positive correlations with some elements and, accordingly, with diagenesis; however, correlations with the crystallinity index strongly depend on the method adopted for its calculation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores, in the context of the Anglo-Norman world, some of the characteristics implicit in ideas of the state: relatively fixed frontiers, a sovereign authority with the power to maintain justice, raise taxes and deploy armies, and to command the allegiance of its inhabitants. Normandy and England are considered both separately and together as an “empire”. New research areas and themes relating to power and statebuilding are considered: the role of the ruler’s wife, ritual and display, the architectural context of power, and of the importance of cities, especially London. The need for a wider approach to the history of power away from the history of kings, including lords and ecclesiastics, is stressed, and developments within a British context, in Wales and Scotland, are briefly considered. The paper concludes by emphasizing the fragility of developments: statebuilding was not consistent or inevitable. Twelfth-century Normandy itself illustrates some of the ambiguities of defining states and statebuilding in this era.

The decoration of manuscripts in the scriptorium of the Abbey of St Evroult, in Normandy, reached its zenith around the year 1100. Initials of a remarkable quality and detail, displaying very diverse and innovative iconographies, illustrated a wave of contemporary manuscripts, for the most part, with exegetical and historical contents. A monastic home to reputed chroniclers in the High Middle Ages such as OrdericVitalis or Geoffrey Malaterra, St Evroult became a true Norman hub of ecclesiastical training and manuscript culture several decades after the conquest of England. This corpus of illuminatedmanuscripts, being liturgical materials but also learning tools for the monks, represents an overlooked indication of this cultural effervescence in post-1066 Normandy.

During the Middle Ages, the Normanni remain as vikings and predators they were at the 9th and 10th centuries. Around the year 1050, several texts continue giving a dark representation of theses aliens, as barbarians and conquerors. However, the perception of the Norman people has known a significant inflection at the end of 10th century, by the work of Dudo of Saint-Quentin. His De moribus, which has been written to glorify the ducal dynasty, give us a justification of their extraneity by submission to the ducal authority and ducal law as federating links of national unity.

This paper aims to compare models from terrestrial laser scanning (TLS), terrestrial photogrammetry (TP), and unmanned aerial vehicle photogrammetry (UAVP) surveys to evaluate their potential in cliff erosion monitoring. TLS has commonly been used to monitor cliff-face erosion (monitoring since 2010 in Normandy) because it guarantees results of high precision. Due to some uncertainties and limitations of TLS, TP and UAVP can be seen as alternative methods. First, the texture quality of the photogrammetry models is better than that of TLS which could be useful for analysis and interpretation. Second, a comparison between the TLS model and UAV or TP models shows that the mean error value is mainly from 0.013 to 0.03 m, which meets the precision requirements for monitoring cliff erosion by rock falls and debris falls. However, TP is more sensitive to roughness than UAVP, which increases the data standard deviation. Thus, UAVP appears to be more reliable in our study and provides a larger spatial coverage, enabling a larger cliff-face section to be monitored with a regular resolution. Nevertheless, the method remains dependent on the weather conditions and the number of operators is not reduced. Third, even though UAVP has more advantages than TP, the methods could be interchangeable when no pilot is available, when weather conditions are bad or when high reactivity is needed.

In the fall of 1906 crucifixes in primary school classrooms emerged as a point of conflict between national and local authorities. Arguments over these crucifixes demonstrate the narrowing interpretations of laïcité in primary education between the 1880s and 1906. Using the Norman department of Seine-Inférieure as a case study, this article analyzes the place of religious emblems in the classroom, the role of local preferences in primary education, and evolving notions of religious neutrality. Classroom crucifixes offer a new lens to examine the relationship between Catholics and Republicans in the period of educational secularization and highlight the movement from compromise to conflict in educational practice during the early Third Republic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over 1,600 extant WW2 impact craters in the Forêt Domaniale de la Londe-Rouvray, Lower Seine valley, Normandy, France, have been mapped and analyzed using LiDAR, historic aerial photographs, archive documents, and field survey. Crater densities average 0.26/ha2 with values up to 31/ha2 in clusters around road and railway infrastructure. Some 576 craters can be dated using aerial photographs to intervals between May–August 1944 and are interpreted as bomb craters associated with Allied tactical air strikes on the Seine bridge at Orival (attacked during May in preparation for the D-Day landings) and German troop and vehicle concentrations towards the later stages of the Normandy Campaign. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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France numbered second only to England in its veneration of the martyred archbishop of Canterbury. Nowhere in France was that veneration more widespread than Normandy, where churches and chapels devoted to Saint Thomas, many embellished with sculptures, paintings, and stained-glass windows, appeared throughout the Middle Ages. A nineteenth-century resurgence of interest in the martyred archbishop of Canterbury gave rise to a new wave of artistic production dedicated to him. A number of these modern commissions appear in the same sites and thus in direct visual dialogue with their medieval counterparts. This essay examines the long legacy of artistic dedications to Saint-Thomas in the town of Saint-Lô. It considers the medieval and modern contexts underpinning the creation of these works and what they reveal about Thomas Becket’s enduring import across nine centuries of Saint-Lô’s history.

Copyright of Ab Initio: Revista Digital para Estudiantes de Historia is the property of Ab Initio: Revista Digital para Estudiantes de Historia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article offers an analysis, edition, and translation of the Brevis cronica compendiosa ducum Normannie, a historiographical account of the dukes of Normandy and their deeds, written at the turn of the fifteenth century by the Norman jurist and man of letters, Simon de Plumetot (1371-1443). Having all but escaped the attention of modern scholars, this study is the first to examine and publish the Brevis cronica. It not only demonstrates that the work is of greater importance than its rather scrappy form might at first suggest, but it also looks to place the text within the broader context of Simon's literary and bibliophilic practices and to determine its raison d'être. In doing so, it argues that the Brevis cronica was perhaps created as part of a much larger historiographical project, namely an extended chronicle of Normandy, written in the vernacular, the text of which is now lost. By exploring these important issues, the article sheds new light on a wide range of topics, from early humanist book collecting to the writing of history in France in the later Middle Ages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This paper examines the spatial and temporal variations of cliff retreat rates over multi-temporal data of the Normandy cliffs. Data are derived from historical maps and aerial photographs and from recent lasergrammetry and photogrammetry monitoring. The diachronic analysis of all these data gives retreat rates of -0.1 to -0.5 m/yr. in line with the international literature. The spatial variations of the cliff retreat rates, at the Normandy scale, can be explained by geological structure, especially at the cliff foot, but also by the influence of cliff collapses or anthropogenic obstacles that disrupt the longshore drift. Multi-temporal data shows that the evolution of the cliffs occurs on scales from 10 to 70 years according to the lithology. The high resolution and frequency monitoring also provide information about the factors responsible for triggering gravitational landslides (rockfalls, slides, debris falls). The study proposes a regional warning threshold for the cliff characterized by landslides, under the dominating influence of rainfall and groundwater level evolution. In this respect the monitoring is inconclusive for chalk and limestone cliffs, because the origin of evolutions is more multifactorial (combination of more continental and marine processes). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two associated incomplete thyreophoran dorsal vertebrae from the Callovian Marnes de Dives Formation of the Vaches Noires cliffs, on the Normandy coast, are referred to an indeterminate stegosaur that appears to be different from Lexovisaurus , previously reported from the Callovian of western France. These vertebrae are the first evidence of thyreophorans from the Vaches Noires and complement the dinosaur assemblage from this locality, which hitherto consisted of several theropod taxa and an indeterminate sauropod. The dinosaur record from the Vaches Noires is heavily dominated by theropods and this imbalance is difficult to explain. A possible explanation may be that the dinosaur sample from the Vaches Noires is too small to be statistically significant and representative of the original faunal assemblage from which it is derived. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]