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BACKGROUND This study evaluated the effect of bilateral endoscopic sphenopalatine ganglion block (SPGB) for management of postoperative pain in patients undergoing septoplasty. METHODS Sixty septoplasty patients (51.7% male, 48.3% female, aged 18 to 45 years) were randomly assigned to general anesthesia (GA) alone (control) (n = 30) or GA plus endoscopic SPGB (n = 30). Demographic data, duration of surgery, blood loss, postoperative visual analogue scale (VAS) pain scores (upon arrival at the postanesthesia care unit [PACU] and 2, 6, 12, and 24 hours after surgery), overall analgesic usage (end of 24 and 168 hours after surgery), overall satisfaction with the pain control (end of 24 and 168 hours after surgery), and complications (bleeding, nausea and vomiting, and visual disturbance) were recorded. RESULTS Pain scores upon arrival to the PACU and 2, 6, 12, and 24 hours after surgery were significantly lower in the SPGB group compared to the control group (p < 0.001). Moreover, the SPGB group had significantly lower analgesic requirements and higher satisfaction scores with their pain control at the end of 24 and 168 hours after surgery compared to the control group (p < 0.001). The 2 groups significantly differed in terms of intraoperative blood loss (p = 0.024), and surgery time was longer in the SPGB group compared to the control group (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION SPGB with bupivacaine is a safe and effective method to reduce pain after septoplasty, and it is a cost-effective alternative to high doses of analgesics.

Previous reports have indicated the association of allergy with Waldeyer's ring. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the correlation between the allergy and the number of eosinophils in the adenoid and tonsil tissue.101 children who were underwent adenoidectomy and/or tonsillectomy were prospectively enrolled in this study. 46 children who had positive skin-prick test for at least one of the allergen panel were sensitized and 55 children were nonsensitized as a result of skin-prick test. Hematoxylin-eosin stained sections were examined under 400× magnification in a blinded fashion in 10 random sections for all samples and compared the groups.The number of eosinophils in adenoid and tonsil tissue was significantly higher in sensitized patients. The number of eosinophils in the adenoid and tonsil samples also were interrelated too (p 0.001, kappa coefficient: 0.617). As a result of ROC analysis, patients with a cut-off of ≥5 eosinophils was in the sensitized group for adenoid samples [Sensitivity value: 72.09 and specifity value: 91.84]. Patients with a cut-off of ≥3 eosinophils are in the sensitized group for tonsil samples [Sensitivity value: 52.94 and specifity value: 92.11].Presence of sensitization can be distinguished by looking at the number of eosinophils in the adenoid and tonsil tissue. It can be used to determine whether the patient is allergic or not. Examination of the routine hematoxylin-eosin stained adenotonsillary specimen for eosinophilia will guide us the diagnosis and treatment of allergic rhinitis and also reduce the cost considerably.

Başarılı bir üreme döngüsü sağlıklı aydınlık/karanlık döngüye sahip fizyolojik koşullarla doğrudan ilişkilidir. Sirkadyan ritim olarak da ifade edilen, bu aydınlık karanlık döngü memeli üreme sistemleri için önemlidir. Özellikle dişi üreme döngüsü ovulasyon ve sirkadyan ritmi içeren kompleks bir süreçtir. Bu kompleks süreçte antioksidan aktivitesiyle melatonin çok önemli bir yere sahip olmakla birlikte, melatonin sentezleyen organ listesi yapılan çalışmalar ışığında gün geçtikçe artmakta ve bu organların arasında ovaryum da yer almaktadır Dolayısı ile pineal bezin yanısıraovaryumda da melatonin sentezlendiği ve sentezlenen melatoninin foliküler sıvıya salındığı ileri sürülmektedir. Benzer şekilde in vitrofertilizasyon (IVF) çalışmalarında medyuma melatoninin eklenmesi ile tedavide pozitif sonuçlar elde edilmiştir. Bu derlemede, karanlığın mucizesi olan melatoninin genel özelliklerini ve özellikle son yıllarda yapılan çalışmalar ile ortaya konulan ovulasyon-melatonin ilişkisini farklı yönleri ile ele almayı amaçladık.

Background and Aims: Pulmonary hamartomas appear as parenchymal or endobronchial lesions, the latter representing ‘1.4 to 11%’ of the total number of pulmonary hamartomas. Endobronchial hamartomas usually emerge as a single mass. As they are accepted as benign tumors, endobronchial treatments are recommended today. 45 year-old male patient admitted with cough, phlegm and fever. A lesion totally obstructing the right main bronchus was found in CT. Methods: In his brochoscopy, a mobile, smooth-surfaced lesion obstructing right main bronchus was seen. Its histopathology was reported as ‘hamartoma.’ Results: The lesion was removed by using argon plasma coagulation and electrocotery. After the removal of the lesion in right main bronchus, another lesion with similar characteristics was seen in the intermedius bronchus and this lesion which histopathology was reported as ‘hamartoma’ was excised by using electrocauter snare. There was no recurrence in the 24 month follow-up. Conclusion: Reports of multiple endobronchial hamartomas are rare in the literature, and the awareness of this form of benign disease is important in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary diseases.

Myxomas of the nose are very rare benign neoplasms. They grow slowly, infiltrate the surrounding bone cortex, and develop multiple local recurrences with no distant metastasis. Almost, even knowing seen at any age, it is very rare in newborn. The authors present a patient with sinonasal soft tissue fibromyxoma in a newborn baby nose followed by the literature.

Introduction: Several markers have been investigated to predict the prognosis of lung cancer. In the present study, the prognostic values of epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), E-cadherin, and p120 catenin expression were investigated by immunohistochemistry in patients with a surgically resected non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Patients and method: EGFR, VEGF, E-cadherin, and p120 catenin expression were prospectively determined in resected specimens from patients with NSCLC who had undergone surgery between 2003 and 2007. Patients’ and disease-related general characteristics and survival rate were recorded.

Adiaspiromycosis is a world wide airborne infection and is a pulmonary disease in humans caused by the fungus Chrysosporium parvum var crescens (Emmonsia parva). It is caused by inhalation of spores of the saprophytic soil fungus. The spherules induce a granulomatous reaction, in which a single spherule is surrounded by a fibronecrotic and suppurative or fibrous granuloma. The disease can be localized and asymptomatic, or disseminated, occasionally severe, or even fatal. Reticulonodular infiltrates are the most common radiographic manifestations, with localized infiltrates occurring occasionally. We present a case with bilateral diffuse interstitial micronodular infiltration and granulomatous inflammation in the lung. The larvae of adiaspiromycosis visualized in the center of granulomatous inflammation by histopathologic examination of the lung biospy specimens. We aimed to discuss the very rare cause of diffuse interstitial and granulomatous inflammation of lung.