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Natural killer (NK) cells play a crucial role in innate immunity, particularly in combating infections and tumors. However, in hematological cancers, NK cells often exhibit impaired functions. Therefore, it is very important to activate its endosomal Toll-like receptors (TLRs) as a potential strategy to restore its antitumor activity. We stimulated NK cells from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells from children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and NK cells isolated, and the NK cells were stimulated with specific TLR ligands (Poly I:C, Imiquimod, R848, and ODN2006) and we evaluated changes in IFN-γ, CD107a, NKG2D, NKp44 expression, Granzyme B secretion, cytokine/chemokine release, and cytotoxic activity. Results revealed that Poly I:C and Imiquimod enhanced the activation of both immunoregulatory and cytotoxic NK cells, increasing IFN-γ, CD107a, NKG2D, and NKp44 expression. R848 activated immunoregulatory NK cells, while ODN2006 boosted CD107a, NKp44, NKG2D, and IFN-γ secretion in cytotoxic NK cells. R848 also increased the secretion of seven cytokines/chemokines. Importantly, R848 and ODN 2006 significantly improved cytotoxicity against leukemic cells. Overall, TLR stimulation enhances NK cell activation, suggesting TLR8 (R848) and TLR9 (ODN 2006) ligands as promising candidates for antitumor immunotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study presents an experience report about the inclusion of people with disabilities in a road race event in Brazil. The participation of those athletes were structured through the development of a volunteer program, implemented in partnership between the event's organizing committee and a university. Twenty-three selected volunteers participated in a training course. The training of volunteers to work on road races represents one possible avenue to better include athletes with disabilities in these events. Keywords: People with disability, volunteering, physical education, disability, sport, Introduction Previous studies have identified many of the benefits of regular physical activity in the general population (van der Ploeg, van der Beek, van der Woude, & van Mechelen, 2004). [...]

The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of the use of video feedback on student learning in physical education, while also examining the teacher's responses to the innovation. Three classes from one Spanish high school participated in different conditions for learning hurdles in a track and field unit. These conditions compared the use of video feedback (either from the teacher or from peers) with no video. The "video and teacher feedback" condition provided the most positive overall results, with statistically significant improvements in skill execution, technique, and knowledge learning, as well as the highest level of practice. Nonetheless, while acknowledging the utility of video feedback as an instructional tool, the teacher felt overwhelmed by the demands of the technology on both his time commitments and in terms of his own technology competencies.

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Background: In spite of the proven effectiveness of parenting based programs to prevent adolescent risk behaviors, such programs are rarely implemented in Mediterranean countries. Objective: This pilot study was aimed at assessing the feasibility and the effects of a parenting based universal prevention program (Connect) in Italy. Methods: Our sample comprised 147 mothers and 147 youths, aged 11-14 (M = 12.46, SD = 0.72). We adopted a quasi-experimental design. Forty percent of the parents in the sample were in the intervention condition (receiving 10 one hour lessons a week). ANCOVAs and Cohen's d coefficients were used to compute intervention effects. Results: The results showed that, despite difficulty in recruiting parents, the program held promising effects regarding the prevention of alcohol use at a universal level (Cohen's d = 0.55); the intervention also marginally decreased the level of non-empathic answers from parents, at least in the short term (Cohen's d = 0.32). Conclusions: This study highlighted the importance of focusing on families to prevent problem behaviors in adolescence. It also points to the need for new strategies to engage parents in universal prevention.