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Objectives: The aims of the present study were to describe the prevalence of positive urinary bacterial culture in dogs, to identify the most commonly isolated microorganisms and to analyse changes in antimicrobial susceptibility patterns over time. Material and Methods: A retrospective case series was performed using culture and susceptibility results from canine urine samples collected between January 2010 and December 2017. The presence or absence of infection, identity of the bacterium with heaviest growth, and susceptibility profile were recorded for each sample. Trends in the frequency of positive culture and antimicrobial resistance were assessed by Poisson regression modelling. Prevalence rate ratio and 95% confidence interval were reported for resistance to each antimicrobial. Results: A positive urine culture was documented in 771 (22.5%) of 3420 samples. Escherichia coli was the most commonly isolated microorganism. There was no significant increase in the frequency of positive bacterial culture over the study period (prevalence rate ratio 0.98; 95% confidence interval: 0.92 to 1.0). Overall, there was an increase in antimicrobial resistance within Enterobacteriaceae from 5.2 to 35.6%. The prevalence of multidrug‐resistant bacteria varied from year to year throughout the study period. However, the Poisson regression model identified a significant increase in the frequency of multidrug‐resistant Enterobacteriaceae over this period, averaging approximately 22% per year (prevalence rate ratio 1.22, 95% confidence interval: 1.06 to 1.42). Clinical Significance: The significant increase in antimicrobial resistance observed in this study is concerning and may have implications for veterinary and public health. Appropriate measures, such as antibiotic stewardship programmes, should be implemented to address increasing antimicrobial resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To determine the influence of several factors on respiratory system compliance in volume‐controlled mechanically ventilated healthy anaesthetised dogs. Materials and Methods: Review of 100 dogs anaesthetised for elective surgeries between 2015 and 2016. Dogs were mechanically ventilated with a respiratory rate adjusted to maintain normocapnia and a fraction of inspired oxygen of 50%. Body weight, body condition score, age, thoracic shape, time in spontaneous ventilation before volume‐controlled ventilation, time with a fraction of inspired oxygen of 100% until starting mechanical ventilation, type of surgery and patient position were recorded. Respiratory system compliance, expressed per kg of bodyweight, was recorded every 15 minutes following initiation of volume‐controlled ventilation. Results: Baseline respiratory system compliance was 1.3 ± 0.3 mL/cmH2O/kg and was reduced by high body condition score and barrel‐shaped thorax but not by age, type of surgery or patient position, time in spontaneous ventilation nor time with a fraction of inspired oxygen of 100%. Clinical Significance: Respiratory system compliance is lower in overweight and barrel‐chested dogs and should be taken into account during monitoring of lung function and ventilation management under general anaesthesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]