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The effects of both alendronate (ALN) and Drynaria rhizome extracts (DRE) alone could promote bone healing in osteoporotic fractures but there are no reports about the combined use of ALN and DRE for promotion of bone healing of fractures in osteoporotic settings. This study investigated the effects of ALN plus DRE on fractures in osteopenic rats. Osteopenic rats underwent unilateral transverse osteotomy on the femur fixed by a sterilized Kirschner wire 2 weeks after intragastric administration of retinoic acid (80 mg/kg body weight/day). Subsequently, the animals were randomly divided into four groups: control, ALN, DRE and ALN + DRE. All rats from groups ALN, DRE and ALN + DRE received ALN (40 mg/kg, weekly), DRE (90 mg/kg/day), or both for 2, 4 and 6 weeks. The results of our study indicated that all treatment promoted fracture healing and callus formation compared to controls but ALN + DRE treatment showed significantly stronger effects than ALN or DRE alone in histological, X‑ray and biomechanical tests. These results seem to indicate that combined treatment with ALN and DRE has an additive effect on fracture healing and callus formation in osteoporotic rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Human periodontal ligament (hPDL) fibroblasts play a crucial mediating role in orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). In this study, we investigated the expression kinetics of genes associated with OTM in its early phase to obtain better insight into the timing and regulation of molecular and cellular signalling and transformation processes occurring in compressive areas of the periodontal ligament during OTM.Methods: Adherent hPDL fibroblasts were stimulated with physiological orthodontic compressive forces of 2 g/cm2 for 24, 48, 72, and 96 h under cell culture conditions. At each time point, we quantified relative gene expression of genes involved in bone remodelling (ALPL), inflammation (COX2, IL-6), extracellular matrix reorganization (COL1A2, P4HA1, FN1, MMP8) and angiogenesis (VEGF-A) by means of RT-qPCR as well as protein expression of osteoclastogenesis-regulating RANK-L and OPG relative to pressure-untreated controls incubated for corresponding time periods. In addition, coculture experiments with osteoclast precursor cells were performed to determine the extent of hPDL-fibroblast-mediated osteoclastogenesis (TRAP staining).Results: As primary response to compressive forces within 24 h, we observed an induction of genes associated with angiogenesis, inflammation, osteoblastogenesis, and the remodelling of the extracellular matrix, with RANK-L expression at first slightly inhibited and only increased after 48 h. Major hPDL-mediated osteoclastogenesis was observed after 72 h with minor, non-RANK-L-dependent osteoclastogenesis occurring as early as 24 h after compressive force application.Conclusions: hPDL fibroblasts seem to play a major mediating role in the early phase of OTM with a differentiated, time-dependent regulation and expression pattern of cytokines and other mediators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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