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There is cycling leisure in various landscapes where different management challenges emerge needing unique, context-specific strategies. Managers must be critical of these landscape nuances to produce suitable planning directives corresponding to the case of these certain environments. In this study, the Recreation Opportunity Spectrum (ROS) was adapted to the bike activity to create a Bicycle Opportunity Spectrum (BOS) framework. These cycling landscapes were processed into a regional-scale tool based on the compatibilities between landscape types and cyclist needs to produce satisfactory experiences. The development of the tool was based on diverse cycling experiences elaborated during focus group discussions (FGDs). This resulted in a framework of four landscape classifications (Urban, Rural, Natural with Road, and Natural with Trail) and criteria of seven (Bike Route, Path Remoteness, Infrastructure Development, Viewshed, Path Interactivity, Support Facilities and Services, and Pathway Management). The framework was tested by evaluating the cycling landscapes of Taichung City, Taiwan. The results, validated by the FGD participants verified the fitness of the BOS towards evaluating bikeways, creating a tool for bikeway management applicable to various landscape classes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We studied the impact of well-designed dementia care environments for people with dementia and how such environments reduce anxiety, alleviate fear, and slow the progression of the disease. The "group home" model has been particularly successful, as it emphasizes "home-like", family-oriented, and personalized care. A case study of the Yunlin County Elderly Long-Term Care Association showed that this model fostered a sense of belonging and serenity in residents, with high levels of satisfaction and effective design outcomes. The environments researched were found to enhance the well-being and quality of life of people with dementia in Taiwan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Theme parks have been constantly updated and modified to maintain their attractiveness while managing seasonality and fluctuating visitors. Flexibility must be considered in spatial planning, design, and operations to meet the evolving daily and seasonal requirements and ensure long-term adjustability. Nonetheless, the flexibility remains unclear due to variations in its interpretation among different authors, thus hindering its adoption. Its application in spatial planning and design is still limited, primarily seen in the housing sector. This research aims to establish a framework for integrating and evaluating flexibility in the planning and design of a theme park based on the diverse interpretations of flexibility in residential and urban sectors. These interpretations were distilled into three primary dimensions: function, access, and transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For inclusive design, we conducted the Taichung Melody Project to enhance the urban park's children's playground in terms of inclusivity and user-friendliness. The post-occupancy evaluation was used for Sanxin Park to analyze the improvement effect and the satisfaction degree with the park facilities, park sensory, and park management. The purpose of park use directly impacted sensory satisfaction and management satisfaction. The research results can be used as a reference for future key projects of park playground improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In our living environment, we frequently encounter natural disasters such as typhoons, floods, earthquakes, drought, petrochemical plant safety accident, stripping accident and so on. Due to global climate change, natural disasters have become even more devastating. Thus, it is important to look for ways to mitigate disasters. This study employs the concept of resilience to examine the ability of parks to recover from natural disasters. According to previous disaster history, the damage caused by natural disasters in the parks is mainly water and wind. Therefore, this study first conducted a literature review to find out relevant resilience criteria that are advantageous for combating water and wind disasters, and to recognize the degree of resilience achieved by each criterion. Then, based on the elements of the resilience criteria, the study establishes a preliminary resilience grading system. Furthermore, three different types of parks are evaluated under the grading system. This study provides a theoretical basis for resilience grading and suggestions for improving parks in the future.

This study aims to identify and compare the objectives and elements of three emerging concepts, Health, Sustainability, and Resilience (HSR), which are proposed in this paper working together to provide a better response to the post-pandemic challenges that cities face today. This paper argues that it is possible to create sustainable, healthy, and resilient environments by reconnecting with nature through biophilic design (BD) by answering the following questions (1) What would be the common variables and elements when seeking to create a sustainable, healthy, and resilient environment and (2) How can those resultant elements be linked to biophilic design patterns to achieve solutions focused on improving people's health and well-being by reconnecting with nature? Consequently, this paper tries to integrate biophilic design with the healthy, sustainable, and resilient environments while comparing the variables and indicators of each concept to demonstrate that there is a common connection between them. As a result, 19 overlapping concepts are identified through the content analysis method, namely: safety, crime, risk, adaptability, environment, green, land, water, pollution, food, affordability, housing, education, transportation, planning economics, policy, community, and management. Finally, it is shown that 16 of the 19 concepts are closely related to biophilic design. In conclusion, through biophilic design, it is possible to solve the problems represented in the HSR model. For those that are not contemplated by any of the patterns, it provides an opportunity for further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, various climate disasters, global warming and other problems feed off of one another. Natural disasters such as earthquakes, typhoons, flooding, and drought as well as human-made disasters such as petrochemical plant safety accidents and steam explosion accidents pose a threat to and affect the development of cities. Therefore, scholars, scientists, and urban planners must study and discuss disasters, so as to work toward important concepts such as resilient cities, resilient landscapes, and disaster prevention parks. This study discusses the resilience park from the perspective of the resilient city. Since the harm caused by natural disasters to parks is mainly due to flooding and high winds, this study focuses on the prevention and control of flood and wind damage. This study is an attempt to explore the indicators of resilience of parks in the context of flood and wind damage, calculate the indicator weight of resilience parks, and establish an indicator evaluation system for resilience parks. The research methods of this study are the Fuzzy Delphi method and the network analysis program method. The results show that the indicators of a resilience park under flood disaster are different types of soil drainage capacity grade (0.199), the lawn to permeable ratio (0.248), the permeable pavement grade (0.125), and the degradation basin grade (0.177). The indicators of a resilience park under high winds are the wind resistance grade of tree species (0.064), the multilayer planting configuration grade (0.053), the tree height and wind resistance grade (0.066), and the bearing capacity grade of trunk and root system (0.067). The weight of each index is calculated. Finally, the park toughness index evaluation system is established. Through this study, we hope to put forward reconstruction suggestions for different parks and provide the evaluation criteria of park toughness so as to improve the disaster resistance of parks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The traditional teaching model of landscape architecture education is teacher-centered classroom lectures, which cannot effectively satisfy students' curiosity and stimulate their creative thinking and computational thinking skills, resulting in students' low willingness to learn, inattentiveness, and lack of participation in discussions and interactions. This study attempts to combine the BOPPPS teaching structure and Design-Based Learning model to innovate the teaching design, construct the knowledge chain of landscape architecture design modeling and inspire the logic of thinking, with visual programming language, virtual reality parametric modeling and 3D printing hands-on activities while integrating sustainable development goals and related thematic issues to develop practical skills and problem-solving abilities. Through collecting students' learning performance, examining the quality and effectiveness of teaching and learning, reflecting on the revised teaching content and methods and establishing a practical teaching plan for sustainable landscape architecture education. The results of the study show that the combination of innovative teaching and learning models with SDG-related thematic issues and collaborative group discussions with teaching activities helps to enhance students' learning effectiveness and bring the learning performances of different learners closer together. In addition, the analysis of learning satisfaction shows that it enhances students' interest and motivation in learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although previous research has confirmed that climate change impacts tourism systems, few studies have explored the differences in tourists' adaptation intentions in response to diverse climate change perceptions. Therefore, this study compared two tourist groups with high and low climate change perception levels to understand their adaptation intentions based on protection motivation theory. A valid sample totaling 696 domestic tourists visiting Kenting National Park in Taiwan was surveyed. The results revealed that the low-perception tourist group had externally-oriented adaptation, with the perceived external environment or information dissemination impacting adaptation intention. However, the high-perception tourist group's adaptation intention was internally-oriented, relating to their self-control and personal core values. This study's findings contribute to the literature on different psychological viewpoints for understanding tourists' adaptation intentions based on the protection motivation theory in the context of climate change. Destination management organizations should consider the responding adaptation intention of different tourists and formulate corresponding environmental destination management strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The number of people with dementia is increasing rapidly worldwide. Developing strategies to improve quality of life for those with dementia is crucial and is receiving more attention. Natural environments are known for their healing effects on most people. This pilot study aimed to understand the benefits that natural environments, such as gardens, can provide for people with dementia. In total, 42 staff members in nine dementia care facilities were recruited as participants in this study and answered a semistructured questionnaire. One-way analysis of variance with repeated measures and the Mann–Whitney U test were used to compare the effects of garden visits on evaluated characteristics and the differences in evaluated characteristics between free garden use and unfree garden use groups. Data from open-ended questions underwent text analysis to obtain the principal beliefs of the participants. The staff members reported that garden visits had positive effects on mood, social interaction, depression, and agitation in people with dementia because of the multisensory, gentle stimuli of the natural environment. Of the evaluated cognitive characteristics, attention and orientation to time were improved the most after residents with dementia had spent time in a garden. Additionally, staff members in the free garden use group scored the effects of garden visits on the mood, long-term memory, language abilities, spatial ability, aggression, and agitation of patients with dementia as significantly higher than staff members in the unfree garden use group. Recommendations for future studies are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study adopted mixed-methods research to explore the effects of reminiscing about nostalgic smells on the physiological and psychological responses of older people in long-term care facilities. A total of 60 participants were randomly divided into two groups and each participant was either interviewed regarding their reminiscence about nostalgic smells (experimental group) or were engaged in daily conversation (control group). The results indicated that anxiety and depression symptoms were more effectively relieved in the experimental group than in the control group. Moreover, most of the nostalgic smells recalled by the experimental group were associated with naturally occurring smells. Regarding heart rate variability, the normalised low-frequency of the experimental group decreased significantly. The results verified the utility of using reminiscence about olfactory memories in reminiscence therapy as this can calm anxiety and lessen depression, which can be very important for older adults living in long-term care facilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid development of automobile industry in China did improve people's quality of life. However, it has also damaged the ecological environment. The emission of a large amount of automobiles is one of the serious air pollution sources. In recent years, the shortage of petrochemical energy, the rapid rise of harmful particles in the air (e.g., PM2.5 and PM10), and the increasing worse atmospheric environment are becoming obstacles to China's sustainable development. Battery electric vehicles (BEVs) are recognized as an ideal alternative to conventional cars. This study aims to explore the factors that can promote consumers' adoption of BEVs and to construct domains of these factors. Firstly, an open web questionnaire and semi-structured interviews were conducted to widely collect factors that promote consumers' purchase of BEVs. Then, questionnaire survey and exploratory factor analysis were used to construct domains of promoting consumers' purchasing willingness. A total of six factors that promote consumers' adoption of BEVs were obtained. Finally, the research results can provide references for the Chinese government and the BEV manufacturers in the development and promotion of EVs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Free-floating bicycle-sharing systems are an important component of sustainable transport. China's bicycle-sharing schemes have experienced ups and downs in the past three years, and there are a lot of related studies, but there are relatively few studies on the causes of disorderly parking of shared bikes. In this study, an open questionnaire is used to widely collect the causes of the disorderly parking of shared bicycles from users. Through factor analysis, six factors and 32 criteria for the causes of disorderly parking are constructed. Factor 1 'supervision and management of enterprises'; factor 2 'supervision and management of users'; factor 3 'parking space'; factor 4 'guidance of parking shared bikes'; factor 5 'user self-discipline'; factor 6 'operation and maintenance'. It requires the cooperation of multiple parties to solve the problem of disorderly parking of shared bicycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]