Objective: In this study, we aimed to determine the most cited first 50 publications on end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2 ) and capnography from past to present using various bibliometric citation analysis methods, and to reveal the intellectual structure of the subject through co-citation analysis. Additionally, we aimed to identify the most active authors, institutions, journals, and countries in this field, and to demonstrate global productivity quantitatively. Methods: A total of 2508 publications on ETCO2 published between 1980 and 2022 were downloaded from the Web of Science database and analyzed using citation and co-citation analyses. VOSviewer (Version 1.6.19) software was utilized to perform citation and co-citation analyses, and bibliometric network visualization maps were created. Results: The top 3 countries with the highest publication productivity in ETCO2 research were the USA (1008), England (220), and Canada (118). The top 3 journals were Anesthesia and Analgesia(148), Anaesthesia (127), and Anesthesiology (89). The most active institutions were Research Libraries UK (98), Harvard University (80), and The University of California System (71). The top 3 authors were Petak F. (22), Tusman G. (22), and Weil MH. (19). The citation density of the top 50 articles in terms of total citations ranged from 83 to 448, while the average citation density per year ranged from 5.39 to 16.23. Among the top 50 most cited articles, the first two journals with the most publications were Annals of Emergency Medicine (8 articles) and Anesthesia and Analgesia (4 articles). Conclusion: Globally, an increasing trend in publications on ETCO2 can be observed from the past to the present. Research leadership in the development of ETCO2 literature is predominantly held by economically strong developed or developing countries. Evaluation of citation and co-citation analyses reveals that the most influential studies on ETCO2 /capnography focus on sedation, endotracheal intubation, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)/cardiac arrest, and dead space topics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]