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Copyright of Mining: Informatics, Automation & Electrical Engineering is the property of Index Copernicus International and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Next years will be very important for the development of the Polish energy system. Substantial part of the existing capacities are obsolete and need to be replaced or at least deeply modernised to fulfil expected emissions regulations. A hybrid of TIMES-PL and TIMES-MACRO energy-economic models was used to analyse the possible changes in the power generation mix and economic impact of different scenarios that combine the climate and air pollution regulations. The results show that to maintain the CO2 emission reduction trend a combination of measures is needed including the use of renewables, nuclear, natural gas and clean coal technologies. However, such transition in the energy sector will lead to a cumulative GDP loss in the near future once the possible GDP gains could happen after 2045 in which the economic, technical and legislative conditions are very difficult to foresee.

The methodology of external cost calculations has been continuously developed. Still, due to lack of sufficient data and imperfect analytical tools, one can give only some estimates rather than precise results. The impact of primary pollutants is dominating in the local domain. The secondary pollutants are negligible in the local domain; however, they have a strong impact in the regional domain. The impacts of primary and secondary pollutants were estimated with the best URBAN algorithm and SUWM formulation, respectively. KEYWORDS: Environmental policy, environmental regulations, externalities, primal, and secondary, pollutants.

Copyright of Inzynieria Mineralna is the property of Polskie Towarzystwo Przerobki Kopalin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Ultrasound examination, as a non-invasive and safe procedure which does not require premedication, is increasingly commonly used by paediatricians. Special focus is placed on its use in early detection of cancer in children. The aim of this study was to determine how frequently and for what reason paediatricians ordered ultrasound examination as well as the outcome of the procedure. The study team conducted an anonymous survey among the parents of children attending kindergartens in the districts of Ochota and Mokotów in the capital of Poland, Warsaw. Questionnaires obtained from the parents of 336 preschool children aged 3-6 years were included in the study. By the date of the survey over 27% of children had not had any ultrasound examination and 32.44% had only one. More than half of the children (52.38%) were referred to ultrasound by a paediatrician during an office or home visit. The most common reason for the first ultrasound examination was check-up of a healthy child with no previous pathologies in a given area (41.04%). The most common location of the first ultrasound scan indicated by the respondents was the abdominal cavity (56.18%). For 254 ultrasound scans, 38 cases (14.96%) required further diagnostic investigation, specialist consultation or hospitalisation. 2.05% of scans revealed a suspected cancer lesion and 3.64% showed a congenital defect. By the date of the survey 27.16% of children had undergone other types of diagnostic imaging. 77.74% of parents would like their child to undergo annual preventative ultrasound scans. It is worth noting that it is increasingly more common for paediatricians to order ultrasound examination for healthy children as well, as a check-up. Increased parents’ awareness has also been observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Paediatrics & Family Medicine / Pediatria i Medycyna Rodzinna is the property of Medical Communications Sp. z o.o. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Our paper presents the results of the integrated assessment modelling of environmental and human health impacts of emissions in Poland. The analysis was performed based on the so-called National Scenario. The estimated emission levels of SO2, NOx, and PMs for 2020 were used as the input data to model ambient concentrations and depositions of these pollutants. Exceedances of critical loads of acidity caused by nitrogen and sulphur depositions were calculated. External costs associated with human health impacts of air pollution were estimated. Additionally, ambient concentration of gaseous and particulate Hg were modelled based on 2005 EMEP emissions data. The main part of the analysis was carried out using the Eulerian Chemistry Transport Model POLAIR3D. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]