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GATA4 and GATA6 are transcription factors involved in the differentiation and development of PDAC. GATA6 expression is related to the classic molecular subtype, while its absence is related to the basal-like molecular subtype. The aim was to determine the clinical utility of IHC determination of GATA4 and GATA6 in a series of patients with resected PDAC. GATA4 and GATA6 expression was studied by IHC in TMA samples of normal tissue, PanIN, tumor tissue and lymph node metastases from a series of 89 patients with resected PDAC. Its relationship with clinicopathologic variables and the outcome was investigated. Seventy-two (81%) tumors were GATA6+ and 37 (42%) were GATA4+. While GATA4 expression was reduced during tumor progression, GATA6 expression remained highly conserved, except in lymph node metastases. All patients with early stages and well-differentiated tumors were GATA6+. The absence of GATA4 expression was related to smoking. Patients with GATA4+ or GATA6+ tumors had significantly lower Ca 19.9 levels. The expression of GATA4 and GATA6 was related to DFS, being more favorable in the GATA4+/GATA6+ group. The determination of the expression of GATA4 and GATA6 by IHC is feasible and provides complementary clinical and prognostic information that can help improve the stratification of patients with PDAC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aim: Only 10% of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients survive longer than five years. Factors underlining long-term survivorship in PDAC are not well understood. Therefore, we aimed to identify the key players in the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) associated with long-term survivorship in PDAC patients. Methods: The immune-related gene expression profiles of resected PDAC tumors of patients who survived and remained recurrence-free of disease for ≥36 months (long-term survivors, n=10) were compared to patients who had survived ≤6 months (short-term survivors, n=10) due to tumor recurrence. Validation was performed by the spatial protein expression profile of immune cells using the GeoMx™ Digital Spatial Profiler. An independent cohort of samples consisting of 12 long-term survivors and 10 short-term survivors, was used for additional validation. The independent validation was performed by combining qualitative immunohistochemistry and quantitative protein expression profiling. Results: B cells were found to be significantly increased in the TIME of longterm survivors by gene expression profiling (p=0.018). The high tumor infiltration of B cells was confirmed by spatial protein profiling in the discovery and the validation cohorts (p=0.002 and p=0.01, respectively). The higher number of infiltrated B cells was found mainly in the stromal compartments of PDAC samples and was exclusively found within tumor cells in long-term survivors. Conclusion: This is the first comprehensive study that connects the immune landscape of gene expression profiles and protein spatial infiltration with the survivorship of PDAC patients. We found a higher number and a specific location of B cells in TIME of long-term survivors which emphasizes the importance of B cells and B cell-based therapy for future personalized immunotherapy in PDAC patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Pancreatic cancer is an aggressive disease with a high mortality rate. The study of the biological processes involved in carcinogenesis (tumor formation) and tumor progression (development of metastases) is still necessary. In this work, we established three subtypes of pancreatic tumors according to their protein profiles: one adhesion subtype, a metabolic subtype, and a nucleoplasm subtype. In addition, the identified mechanisms involved in carcinogenesis and in tumor progression differ between subtypes. These differences may need to be considered when designing new treatments. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive disease with an overall 5-year survival rate of just 5%. A better understanding of the carcinogenesis processes and the mechanisms of the progression of PDAC is mandatory. Fifty-two PDAC patients treated with surgery and adjuvant therapy, with available primary tumors, normal tissue, preneoplastic lesions (PanIN), and/or lymph node metastases, were selected for the study. Proteins were extracted from small punches and analyzed by LC-MS/MS using data-independent acquisition. Proteomics data were analyzed using probabilistic graphical models, allowing functional characterization. Comparisons between groups were made using linear mixed models. Three proteomic tumor subtypes were defined. T1 (32% of patients) was related to adhesion, T2 (34%) had metabolic features, and T3 (34%) presented high splicing and nucleoplasm activity. These proteomics subtypes were validated in the PDAC TCGA cohort. Relevant biological processes related to carcinogenesis and tumor progression were studied in each subtype. Carcinogenesis in the T1 subtype seems to be related to an increase of adhesion and complement activation node activity, whereas tumor progression seems to be related to nucleoplasm and translation nodes. Regarding the T2 subtype, it seems that metabolism and, especially, mitochondria act as the motor of cancer development. T3 analyses point out that nucleoplasm, mitochondria and metabolism, and extracellular matrix nodes could be involved in T3 tumor carcinogenesis. The identified processes were different among proteomics subtypes, suggesting that the molecular motor of the disease is different in each subtype. These differences can have implications for the development of future tailored therapeutic approaches for each PDAC proteomics subtype. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to analyze the photographic images used as evidence in the judicial processes carried out by both sides during the Spanish Civil War and, later, by the Francoist dictatorship. By establishing their genre, uses and iconography we argue that these images were created under the codes of the pre-war and war period, acquiring new meanings and readings over the decades, becoming part of the narrative of both the generation that brought them to life and subsequent generations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We substituted 10% of fishmeal with scallop (Argopecten ventricosus) or squid (Dosidiscus gigas) by‐product meal in a feed for shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) growth assay that lasted 60 days and then shrimps were submitted to handling stress. Shrimp fed the control diet had smaller weight gain and lower recovery after stress. Prostaglandins in gills were affected by diet and stress, with significant differences in shrimp fed the control diet before and after the stress. Hydroperoxides were increased after stress, while isoprostanoids were higher in shrimp fed the control diet. The gene expression of Glutathione peroxidase and Catalase was increased on the stressed shrimp fed the scallop diet, with no differences among diets for Superoxide dismutase or Cyclooxygenase. Arachidonic acid in the phospholipid fraction of muscle was the only fatty acid affected by stress and diet. Cholesterol oxidation products were significantly higher in shrimp fed the scallop diet compared to shrimp fed the control diet before applying the stress. A PCA analysis grouped in one‐factor growth variables, as well as Superoxide dismutase, esterified astaxanthin and isoprostane, while another factor was determined by stress, prostaglandin and hydroperoxide levels in gills. The partial substitution of fishmeal with scallop of squid by‐product meals affected growth and stress differently, indicating shrimp that grew up more were not necessarily more tolerant to handling stress, which can have a strong repercussion in aquaculture, particularly during density control, recording of growth and harvest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ulva clathrata meal (2%) was supplemented in a fresh maturation diet for Litopenaeus vannamei broodstock in a commercial larval facility and its effects on reproductive performance, histology and histochemistry of gonad, and biochemical composition of gonad, hepatopancreas, and muscle were analysed. Females that were given Ulva in the diet had reduced mortality compared to controls, with no differences in males. Females fed Ulva also had bigger oocytes but only those in late vitellogenesis (+7%, p < 0.01) and postvitellogenesis (+15%, p < 0.01); they also had a higher proportion of late vitellogenic oocytes in maturation stage II, and a bigger area occupied by cortical rods. No significant differences were found for the proportion of previtellogenic or early vitellogenic oocytes per maturation stage or as a result of Ulva. Females fed Ulva had higher levels of lipids in ovary (+35%, p < 0.05), with no significant differences in biochemical reserves in hepatopancreas or muscle. The total number of eggs (+5%, p < 0.01), nauplii per spawn (+18%, p < 0.01), and hatching rate (+13%, p < 0.01) during the productive cycle were higher for Ulva fed shrimp. Individual follow‐up of marked females during the productive cycle showed a decreased reproductive exhaustion in females fed Ulva over consecutive spawns. Apparently, U. clathrata stimulates advanced vitellogenesis by improving lipid accumulation in gonads, and this in turn increases reproductive performance: inclusion of this algae in shrimp diet could be used to decrease reproductive exhaustion during production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Enteric duplication cysts (EDCs) are rare congenital malformations formed during the embryonic development of the digestive tract. They are usually detected prenatally or in the first years of life. The size, location, type, mucosal pattern and presence of complications produce a varied clinical presentation and different imaging findings. Ultrasonography (US) is the most used imaging method for diagnosis. Magnetic resonance (MR) and computed tomography (CT) are less frequently used, but can be helpful in cases of difficult surgical approach. Conservative surgery is the treatment of choice. Pathology confirms the intestinal origin of the cyst, showing a layer of smooth muscle in the wall and an epithelial lining inside, resembling some part of the gastrointestinal tract (GT). We review the different forms of presentation of the EDCs, showing both the typical and atypical imaging findings with the different imaging techniques. We correlate the imaging findings with the surgical results and the final pathological features.Teaching Points: • EDCs are rare congenital anomalies from the digestive tract with uncertain pathogenesis.• More frequently, diagnosis is antenatal, with most EDCs occurring in the distal ileum.• Ultrasonography is the method of choice for diagnosis of EDCs.• Complicated EDCs can show atypical imaging findings.• Surgery is necessary to avoid complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The effect of supplementing dehydrated seaweed Ulva clathrata (20 g/kg) in the squid fraction of a formulated fresh diet on the reproductive performance of Litopenaeus vannamei broodstock was evaluated in two commercial hatcheries (A and B). The origin of broodstock, use of ablation on females, tank/culture conditions (for maturation, spawning, and larval rearing) were different between hatcheries. Daily mortality was higher (p < .01) for females in the control group compared to Ulva‐fed group of hatchery A, where females were ablated. No differences in mortality were found for unablated females in hatchery B, or with males from either hatchery. In hatchery A, broodstock fed Ulva produced more eggs (an increase in +5% compared to control, p < .05) and nauplii per female (+18%, p < .01). In hatchery B, broodstock fed Ulva produced significantly more eggs (+26%, p < .05) and nauplii per day (+33%, p < .05). In hatcheries A and B, eggs from broodstock fed Ulva had increased hatching rates (+13 and +7%, respectively, p < .001 in both cases). The number of spawns per day had a tendency to be higher in broodstock fed Ulva in both hatcheries, but the difference did not reach statistical significance (+14% for hatchery A and +20% for hatchery B). Dehydrated U. clathrata appears therefore as a functional additive in L. vannamei maturation diets that enhances the reproductive performance at commercial scale, regardless of the management conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]