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27. Towards net zero in agriculture: Future challenges and opportunities for arable, livestock and protected cropping systems in the UK

Author

Sakrabani, Ruben, primary, Garnett, Kenisha, additional, Knox, Jerry W, additional, Rickson, Jane, additional, Pawlett, Mark, additional, Falagan, Natalia, additional, Girkin, Nicholas T, additional, Cain, Michelle, additional, Alamar, M Carmen, additional, Burgess, Paul J, additional, Harris, Jim, additional, Patchigolla, Kumar, additional, Sandars, Daniel, additional, Graves, Anil, additional, Hannam, Jack, additional, and W Simmons, Robert, additional

Published
2023
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29. Towards net zero in agriculture: future challenges and opportunities for arable, livestock and protected cropping systems in the UK

Author

Sakrabani, Sakrabani, Garnett, Kenisha, Knox, Jerry, Rickson, Jane, Pawlett, Mark, Falagan Sama, Natalia, Girkin, Nick, Cain, Michelle, Alamar, M. Carmen, Burgess, Paul, Harris, Jim, Patchigolla, Kumar, Sandars, Daniel, Graves, Anil, Hannam, Jacqueline, and Simmons, Robert

Subjects
livestock, Net zero, arable, circular economy, protected cropping, diet, resilience, target setting
Abstract

© The Authors The agricultural sector faces multiple challenges linked to increased climate uncertainty, causing severe shocks including increased frequency of extreme weather events, new pest and disease risks, soil degradation, and pre and postharvest food losses. This situation is further exacerbated by geopolitical instability and volatility in energy prices impacting on fertiliser supplies and production costs. Net zero strategies are vital to achieve both food security and address negative environmental impacts. This perspective paper reviews and assesses the most viable options (actions) to achieve net zero with a focus on the arable/livestock and protected cropping sectors in the UK. The methodology was based on a synthesis of relevant literature, coupled with expert opinions using the holistic PESTLE (Political, Environmental, Social, Technological, Legal and Environmental) approach to categorise actions, leading to formulation of a roadmap to achieve net zero. The PESTLE analysis indicated that there are technically and economically viable actions available which need to be prioritised depending on the ease of their implementation within the two crop sectors investigated. These actions include (i) policy changes that are better aligned to net zero; (ii) circular economy approaches; (iii) connectivity and accessibility of information; (iv) increased resilience to shocks; (v) changing diets, nutrition and lifestyles; (vi) target setting and attainment; and (vii) farm economics and livelihoods. The outputs can be used by stakeholders and decision makers to inform policy and drive meaningful changes in global food and environmental security.

Published
2023

30. Particle process measurements : shape and size with crystal growth and nucleation kinetics

Author

Patchigolla, Kumar

Subjects
620.106
Abstract

To deduce particle size information, the majority of particle sizing techniques assume that the particles are spheres. For industrial materials, particles are rarely spherical. Non-sphericity causes discrepancies in different measurement technologies so results vary from the real characteristics of the sample. Applications like crystallisation require .shape information in addition to the size of the particles. The majority of this thesis describes results that have demonstrated that particle shape has a strong influence on particle size distribution measured by different techniques. The effect of shape on measured particle size distribution was investigated by ultrasonic attenuation spectroscopy (VAS) compared with other widely used techniques such as laser diffraction spectroscopy (LDS), microscopic image analysis (MIA) and focused beam reflectance measurement (FBRM). A strategy was applied using different chemical systems to monitor the importance of shape to measured size distribution using different techniques; fragile and non-fragile, .sp-pericaC'crystalline and irregular materials were tested. The measurements were successfully applied to laboratory crystallisation processes of different organic and inorganic chemicals In-situ monitoring of particle size evolution during crystallisation using FBRM has aroused much interest. Therefore it was important to demonstrate the dependence of measured particle size on different operating conditions and more particularly on the hydrodynamic conditions, solvent, temperature and other physical and chemical , properties of the system. In-situ measurement of maximum supersaturation during batch crystallisation and dissolution processes of different chemical systems is presented, through which nucleation kinetics of the crystallisation was retrieved. This was clemonstrated for different organic and inorganic chemical systems using FBRM as a process analytical technique (PAT). Based on crystallisation behaviour and with process analytical techniques, notably FBRM to retrieve the nucleation kinetics, the growth kinetics of different chemical systems are presented based on seeded batch cooling crystallisation. Finally future developments within this area of research are presented.

Published
2007

37. Application of Thermal Spray Coatings in Electrolysers for Hydrogen Production: Advances, Challenges, and Opportunities

Author

Faisal, Nadimul Haque, primary, Prathuru, Anil, additional, Ahmed, Rehan, additional, Rajendran, Vinooth, additional, Hossain, Mamdud, additional, Venkatachalapathy, Viswanathan, additional, Katiyar, Nirmal Kumar, additional, Li, Jing, additional, Liu, Yuheng, additional, Cai, Qiong, additional, Horri, Bahman Amini, additional, Thanganadar, Dhinesh, additional, Sodhi, Gurpreet Singh, additional, Patchigolla, Kumar, additional, Fernandez, Carlos, additional, Joshi, Shrikant, additional, Govindarajan, Sivakumar, additional, Kurushina, Victoria, additional, Katikaneni, Sai, additional, and Goel, Saurav, additional

Published
2022
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44. Energy and economic assessment of mixed palm residue utilisation for production of activated carbon and ash as fertiliser in agriculture.

Author

Ukanwa, Kalu Samuel, Patchigolla, Kumar, and Sakrabani, Ruben

Subjects
ACTIVATED carbon, FERTILIZERS, ACID soils, COST benefit analysis, PROCESS optimization, INCEPTISOLS
Abstract

The resultant residues after thermal processes can be reused in the form of activated carbon (AC) production or used for soil amelioration. However, the economic and energy optimisation of the waste revaluation process is necessary for the prediction of technology requirements, investment boundaries and cost–benefit analysis. Mass, energy and cost estimation of the entire process were systematically executed relative to equipment sizing and type of product, as major factors in the evaluation. The economic analysis and process optimisation were quantified and evaluated with the Aspen Plus economy and an SPSS statistical tool for economic analysis. Simulation results were concomitant with economic analysis to determine the approximate annualised return on investment, profitability index and payback period, using optimised variables in the process. The four processes examined: process scenario 1–4 (pyrolysis, gasification, combustion and combined) have 16, 17, 14 and 17.2% return on investment for the 8.5, 8.2, 9.8 and 8-year payback period, respectively. The results provide a technology assessment and economic guide for investors and policymakers among others. This work is also useful for researchers in achieving the goal of efficient biomass utilisation. Palm waste ash as a potential alternative to chemical fertiliser, especially for the treatment of ultisol and acidic soils, were evaluated and it was confirmed that it is a good alternative to typical inorganic fertiliser. Finally, the results indicate that using such wastes in the AC market is a viable business option, though with high initial capital investment even though palm waste ash can be produced locally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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45. Impact of dust on electrical power output of solar PV modules in North-East, Nigeria

Author

Abdulkarim, Hauwa Talatu, Sansom, Chris, Patchigolla, Kumar, Almond, Heather, and Karim, Mounia

Subjects
Dust, Efficiency, Modules Performance, Solar, Photovoltaic
Abstract

The impact of dust on the solar PV modules deserves more attention. North-eastern Nigeria has high potential of solar irradiance but it is proned to dust accumulation. This paper therefore, investigated the impact of dust on the performance of solar Photovoltaic modules in North-Eastern Nigeria. The investigation entailed field experiment carried out in Maiduguri to assess the performance of the module based on continuous dust deposition for 14 days during dust accumulation period. The results show that more than 50% loss in power output was recorded under 14 days of continuous deposition. The efficiency of the module reduced from 17.1% on the first day to 7.2% on the fourteenth day of the experimentation. The investigation also shows that at high humidity the PV performance drops. Solar irradiance increases the performance. The deployment of solar PV energy supply system is recommended in spite of dust accumulation challenges. To maintain adequate performance of the system, a once a week cleaning is recommended during intense dust accumulation period.

Published
2022

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