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The article dwells upon some issues connected with the theory of text intonation. The semantic structure of spontaneous narrative texts is analyzed from the meaning of the whole text to the meaning of its constituent dictemes and intonation groups. The analysis of the semantic structure is conducted from the standpoint of the theory of thematic-rhematic division. The units of analysis are intonation groups and dictemes. The structural elements of the text of various communicative weights are described: nuclear rhematic intonation groups and dictemes, non-nuclear intonation groups and dictemes, thematic intonation groups. The accentual-rhythmic and melodic features of various text segments are investigated. It is concluded that intonation in its organizing function divides spontaneous text according to the degree of semantic importance, optimizing the process of conveying the meaning of an oral message and ensuring its adequate perception.

The article deals with the issue of the politeness strategies used by the artificial bilinguals when uttering a speech act of refusal. Linguistic politeness is regarded as an essential part of artificial bilinguals’ pragmatic competence. For the purpose of studying linguistic politeness strategies in the discourse of artificial bilinguals, research on the basis of a written discourse test was carried out. The written discourse test described in the article allows to analyze the politeness strategies used by the artificial bilinguals when uttering a refusal speech act. These strategies are found in the supportive speech acts of refusal. The research revealed that the artificial bilinguals used various politeness strategies when speaking a foreign language.

The article describes some rules of tempo organization of a spontaneous monologue. The phonetic and semantic analyses of the experimental material reveal that the semantic structure of a spontaneous monological text is non-homogenous. From the point of the dynamics of the semantic development of the text, the segments of different communicative weight having the same tempo characteristics are distinguished. The aim of the research is to describe the changes of tempo characteristics of the whole text and the interconnections of these changes with the communicative dynamics in the text. The results of the experiment reveal the cyclical character of the connection between the tempo variations and changing over of different communicative segments in the structure of a spontaneous text.

Polycrystalline samples GdxMn1-xS and YbxMn1-xS with a concentration x = 0.2, near the ions percolation concentration through the face-centered cubic lattice, are studied in order to determine fluctuations in the valence of the ytterbium ion on dielectric properties. Dielectric constant and dielectric losses were determined from measurements of capacitance and loss tangent in the frequency range 102–106 Hz at temperatures of 80–500 K without a magnetic field and in a magnetic field. The magnetic capacity and dielectric losses in the magnetic field of the sample were determined from the relative change in the real and imaginary parts of the dielectric constant of the sample in a magnetic field H = 12 kOe applied parallel to the capacitor plates. Dielectric losses decrease in a magnetic field. The magnetic capacity decreases by an order of magnitude in Gd0.2Mn0.8S compared to Yb0.2Mn0.8S. The dielectric constant in both compounds is described in the Debye model with the activation dependence of the relaxation time on temperature, where the activation energies differ for ytterbium and gadolinium ions.

Modeling a lumpy geological media using the theory of block structures and studying the conditions for the occurrence of resonance phenomena in the areas where blocks meet will make it possible to determine the locations of potential rearrangements associated with the development of natural disasters. In this paper we present a description of experimental data on the study of the Earth’s crust block structure used to construct a model for the propagation of slow deformation waves in the lithospheric structures of the region. Since the appearance of anomalies in the velocities of longitudinal waves indicates the emergence of geological rearrangements in the zone of a developing seismic event, a comprehensive method of active vibroseismic monitoring using a signal with linear frequency modulation and a harmonic signal is proposed to identify dilatant-type structures.

The article presents the results of the effect of the feed additive Protein containing bacteria strains Bacillus subtilis, Saccharomyces the dynamics of growth and cerevisiae, Trichoderma development of foals. As a result of the conducted studies, it was found that the feed additive has a positive effect on the body of foals whose mothers received ProVetin during foaling. The weight of foals of the experimental group at birth was 6.7% higher compared to the control group. Further introduction of a feed additive into the diet of foals in the postnatal period also had a beneficial effect, which contributed to higher growth rates – at the age of 3 months, the live weight of the experimental group of foals receiving daily feed additive was 6.3% greater than in the control group; at 6 months – 6.5% more.

Objective. To analyze frequency and identify genetic determinants of resistance of non-typhoid Salmonella (NTS) producing extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) isolated in the Russian Federation over the period 2016 to 2020. Materials and Methods. Salmonella isolates, suspected to ESBL production, were collected by the All-Russia Reference Center of Salmonellosis during the national Salmonellosis surveillance program. Phenotypic resistance was determined by the broth microdilution method using G-I and G-II Mikrolatest®SensiLaTest MIC plates and by the double-disk synergy test. Whole genome sequencing was performed on the NextSeq platform (Illumina, USA), with subsequent de novo genome assembly (SPAdes 3.15.4), identification of plasmid types (MOB-suite v3.0.0), and identification of resistance genes (AMRFinderPlus v3.10.40). Results. Out of 1792 NTS isolates, 22 strains contained bla-genes of molecular classes A and D (blaTEM, blaCTX-M, blaSHV, blaOXA), one strain – AmpC (blaCMY-2) and three strains – combination ESBL of class A and AmpC (blaTEM, blaCMY-2, blaDHA). The frequency of occurrence of ESBL-producing Salmonella is 1.3%, AmpC – 0.2%. Additionally, strains were resistant to other non-β-lactam antibiotics. Six different types of plasmids were identified (IncI, IncFIB, IncC, IncHI2A, IncL/M and IncX1) in studied isolates. It was possible for 17 strains to identify location of resistance genes in plasmids of a certain type. Conclusions. The frequency of occurrence of Salmonella strains producing ESBL and AmpC was 1.45%, which were found in sporadic cases of human diseases, as well as food and environmental objects were sources of isolation. The fact of detection of such strains among various NTC serotypes and a wide range of sources of isolation confirms the relevance of monitoring antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella strains in the future.

This article is an overview of the results of the associative experiment in revealing some specific linguocultural peculiarities of a notion “request” in the consciousness of the representatives of the Russian and the English linguocultures.For this purpose, a free associative experiment among Russian and American students was carried out. The results of the experiment demonstrated that the Russian respondents have a different image of “request” in comparison with the one of the American respondents. The methodology described in the article allows to unveil the inner contents of the notion “request” and the peculiarities of individual assessment of a request in the consciousness of native speakers.

This article presents a case study and ideas to flip classical dialogic learning method. Some possibilities of using ChatGPT to stimulate the active role of the student in the dialogic teaching method are shown. Data from observations of students training to be teachers of mathematics and informatics in their work with artificial intelligence (AI) are presented. A model for the application of the flipped dialogue in the education of students is proposed. An example of dialogue is given. The study concludes that that the main advantages of using flipped dialog learning with AI are easy access to the platforms, the lack of stress and stimulating the research qualities of students when searching for specific information or stimulating the system to make mistakes. The ability to ask the right leading questions and to detect the gaps of the "interlocutor" are important competencies applicable in dealing with life's problems.

In this work, we study problems of harmonic vibrations of extended elastic structures with a coating. The studied boundary value problems can have different physical interpretations; in this case, they are considered as models of geological structures. We used two different coating models. The equation of a bending plate was chosen to describe one of them. The second type of coating is not a traditionally studied stringer or overlay, since it is characterized by several parameters of a two-dimensional deformable object. Further we have conducted a study of the properties for the substrate/coating system. Where numerical analysis showed us that the difference between the zero and pole curves for an elastic medium with a coating from the dispersion curves for an elastic medium without a coating is stronger the greater the thickness of the coating plate and the denser its material. The conclusions are valid for both plate models used. The models of lithospheric structures considered in this work make it possible to study the features of wave propagation in a three-dimensional deformable foundation with a two-dimensional coating, not only for continuous coatings, but also in the presence of vertical defects in them, as well as heterogeneous composite coatings. The presented approach can be extended to problems for heterogeneous substrates.

The paper describes a method for using regional seismic data based on processing the results of experiments carried out using a tiltmeter to study dangerous seismic conditions and clarify the structural boundaries of lithospheric units in the region. The use of experimental methods will make it possible to determine the true parameters of the block structure, which are necessary for the practical application of the block element method in the study of regional seismicity.

The paper presents the case study of lexical selection in Alzheimer-type dementia. Lexical substitutions in poem recitation and conversations of a Russian speaker, who suffered Alzheimer-type dementia, were analyzed on the background of the lexical retrieval and slip-of-the-tongue phenomena. The classification of the substitutions is worked out on the basis of the links between a target word and its substitutions. The current context plays an essential role as natural priming for a substitution in a poem recitation. Some words have predisposition to be lost; the units belong to the figurative language or to the category of infrequent lexemes. In conversation, the patient masked failures by referring to the circumstances and appealing to the sense of humor. Positive emotions facilitate recollecting of words, involved in the description of real-life events, due to the relatively spared nondeclarative memory. The changes in the substitutions and paraphasias categories between AD stages are statistically significant.

Background. Previous studies have shown that brain response to a written word depends on the task: whether the word is a target in a version of lexical decision task or should be read silently. Although this effect has been interpreted as an evidence for an interaction between word recognition processes and task demands, it also may be caused by greater attention allocation to the target word. Objective. We aimed to examine the task effect on brain response evoked by non- target written words. Design. Using MEG and magnetic source imaging, we compared spatial-temporal pattern of brain response elicited by a noun cue when it was read silently either without additional task (SR) or with a requirement to produce an associated verb (VG). Results.The task demands penetrated into early (200-300 ms) and late (500-800 ms) stages of a word processing by enhancing brain response under VG versus SR condition. The cortical sources of the early response were localized to bilateral inferior occipitotemporal and anterior temporal cortex suggesting that more demanding VG task required elaborated lexical-semantic analysis. The late effect was observed in the associative auditory areas in middle and superior temporal gyri and in motor representation of articulators. Our results suggest that a remote goal plays a pivotal role in enhanced recruitment of cortical structures underlying orthographic, semantic and sensorimotor dimensions of written word perception from the early processing stages. Surprisingly, we found that to fulfil a more challenging goal the brain progressively engaged resources of the right hemisphere throughout all stages of silent reading. Conclusion. Our study demonstrates that a deeper processing of linguistic input amplifies activation of brain areas involved in integration of speech perception and production. This is consistent with theories that emphasize the role of sensorimotor integration in speech understanding.

Admission of a child to an educational organization is a difficult period for him. What should be considered when creating an educational environment at school and home? What determines successful adaptation of first-graders to new academic activities, which require from child certain knowledge about the world, good visual-motor coordination, possession of mental operations, planning skills and self-regulation of behavior, verbal communication, and the manifestation of volitional efforts to fulfill educational tasks? The successful adaptation of a child largely influences his further socialization. Modernization of education, aimed at ensuring its accessibility, individualization, and differentiation, creating conditions for achieving new contemporary quality of primary level of general education, leads to heterogeneity in the composition of pupils in terms of their psychophysical development. This complicates the adaptation of both first-graders with health limitations (HL) and children with regular development. Attracting intellectual and socio-cultural resources of the city in education, socialization, and adaptation of children with HL to new social conditions are becoming an urgent issue. The purpose of the research is to study the parental assessment of adaptation of a first-grader with HL to the educational organization in the urban environment. The authors of the article compiled a questionnaire for parents to determine the features of adaptation to the school life conditions of their children. The article presents the analysis results of the conducted survey. Research methods include quantitative assessment and qualitative analysis of the survey, as well as content analysis of relevant literature sources. The present research is caused by the insufficient theoretical study and practical development of issues related to the adaptation of first-graders with HL by parents.