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Recreationist delight refers to the positive emotional response to surprising leisure experiences in specific recreational settings. Recreationist-environment fit signifies the compatibility between the recreationist and their recreational environment. This fit is realized when they satisfy each other's needs and when the recreationist and environment manager share similar values. This study proposed and tested the relationship between the recreationist-environment fit (including its six dimensions) and recreationist delight (including its three dimensions). The results indicated that the recreationist-environment fit had a significant positive impact on recreationist delight. These findings have managerial implications and provide useful reference data for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Up to date, the morbidity and mortality rates of acute lung injury (ALI) still rank high among clinical illnesses. Endotoxin, also called lipopolysaccharide (LPS), induced sepsis is the major cause for ALI. Beneficial biological effects, such as antioxidation, anti-inflammation, and neuroprotection was found to express by 5,7-dihydroxy-8-methoxyflavone (DHMF). The purpose of present study was to investigate the potential protective effects of DHMF and the possibile mechanisms involved in LPS-induced ALI. In our experimental model, ALI was induced in mice by intratracheal injection of LPS, and DHMF at various concentrations was injected intraperitoneally for 30 min prior to LPS administration. Pretreatment with DHMF inhibited not only the histolopatholgical changes occurred in lungs but also leukocytes infiltration in LPS-induced ALI. Decreased activity of antioxidative enzymes (AOE) such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) caused by LPS was reversed by DHMF. LPS-induced lipid peroxidation HIF-1α accumulation, NF-κB phosphorylation, and IκBα degradation were all inhibited by DHMF. In addition, LPS-induced expression of proinflammatory mediators such as TNF-α and IL-1β were also inhibited by 5,7-dihydroxy-8-methoxyflavone. These results suggested that the protective mechanisms of DHMF on endotoxin-induced ALI might be via up-regulation of antioxidative enzymes, inhibition of NFκB phosphorylation, and HIF-1α accumulation. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 1700-1709, 2016. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following the cultural decline of the Zhou and ruthless rule of the Qin, Han dynasty scholars’ major task was to restore the great cultural lineage of the Three Dynasties. The efforts of scholars such as Dong Zhongshu ..., Sima Qian ..., Liu Xin ..., Ban Gu ..., He Xiu ..., and Zheng Xuan ... all deal with the cultural and historical experience of those earlier times and attempt to identify the rules that were used to govern human affairs. Collectively their work can be referred to as the Three Dynasties Cultural Theory ... of the Han dynasty. This theory draws on the historical experience of the Xia, Shang, and Zhou dynasties to produce formulations that gradually evolved into a system of governing by decree and educating the populace that was essential to the successful establishment of a new dynasty. It covered resetting the calendar, regulating dress codes and transportation for rites, inventing words and symbols, changing instruments used in rites, music, and battles, and establishing new ritual and ceremonial dress codes. This paper discusses Han scholars’ Three Dynasties Cultural Theory, aiming to understand Han dynasty perspectives on history, time, government, and culture, as well as to study the similarities between the Gongyang Commentary on the Spring and Autumn Annals ... and Book of Rites .... [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The aim was to screen children from Grades 1 to 6 in an urban elementary school in Central Taiwan for visual deficits and associated parameters and, as an extension, to examine the acceptance of cycloplegic therapy as well as the lag in optimal vision correction. Methods: Of 900 students in one school, 731 participated in the study, with parental consent. Data from 694 students, who had also completed a vision correction history were analysed. In addition to body height and weight, the screening included vision, non-cycloplegic autorefraction and distance retinoscopy, axial length and functional testing. Results: There was a decrease in students with vision of 1.0 or better from 55.8 per cent in Grade 1 to 20.0 per cent in Grade 6. The decreases between Grades 2 and 3 and Grades 5 and 6 were significant. These trends were in general agreement with those based on refractive error and axial length. The students had abnormal functional findings including: stereoscopic vision, 9.2 per cent; cover tests, 14.1 per cent; pupillary responses, 13.8 per cent; and less commonly in extraocular muscular functions (3.0 per cent) and colour vision (5.2 per cent). A full 40 per cent of students received cycloplegic therapy with 25 per cent dropping out for various reasons. These cases were generally associated with lower vision and higher myopia. A lag between subnormal vision and optical correction was also observed with 55.1 per cent apparently not optimally corrected. Other parameters, including body height, weight and body mass index were not correlated with vision or refractive error. Conclusions: Age-dependent increase in the prevalence of myopia appears to continue despite the common practice of topical cycloplegic therapy in Taiwan. Timely correction of the refractive error is also lacking. While maintaining a visual acuity of 1.0 or better for all students at all times is not possible, this lag might be shortened by more frequent screening and/or direct provision of optical aids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]