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4. Skin microbiome alters attractiveness to Anopheles mosquitoes

Author

Showering, Alicia, Martinez, Julien, Benavente, Ernest Diez, Gezan, Salvador A., Jones, Robert T., Oke, Catherine, Tytheridge, Scott, Pretorius, Elizabeth, Scott, Darren, Allen, Rachel L., D’Alessandro, Umberto, Lindsay, Steve W., Armour, John A. L., Pickett, John, and Logan, James G.

Published
2022
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11. A diterpene synthase from the sandfly Lutzomyia longipalpis produces the pheromone sobralene.

Author

Ducker, Charles, Baines, Cameron, Guy, Jennifer, Goulart Santana, Antônio Euzébio, Pickett, John A., and Oldham, Neil J.

Subjects
LUTZOMYIA, PHEROMONES, TERPENES, SESQUITERPENES, MONOTERPENES
Abstract

The phlebotomine sandfly, Lutzomyia longipalpis, a major vector of the Leishmania parasite, uses terpene pheromones to attract conspecifics for mating. Examination of the L. longipalpis genome revealed a putative terpene synthase (TPS), which--upon heterologous expression in, and purification from, Escherichia coli--yielded a functional enzyme. The TPS, termed LlTPS, converted geranyl diphosphate (GPP) into a mixture of monoterpenes with low efficiency, of which β-ocimene was the major product. (E,E)-farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) principally produced small amounts of (E)-β-farnesene, while (Z,E)-and (Z,Z)-FPP yielded a mixture of bisabolene isomers. None of these mono-and sesquiterpenes are known volatiles of L. longipalpis. Notably, however, when provided with (E,E,E)-geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP), LlTPS gave sobralene as its major product. This diterpene pheromone is released by certain chemotypes of L. longipalpis, in particular those found in the Ceará state of Brazil. Minor diterpene components were also seen as products of the enzyme that matched those seen in a sandfly pheromone extract. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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12. Plasmodium -associated changes in human odor attract mosquitoes

Author

Robinson, Ailie, Busula, Annette O., Voets, Mirjam A., Beshir, Khalid B., Caulfield, John C., Powers, Stephen J., Verhulst, Niels O., Winskill, Peter, Muwanguzi, Julian, Birkett, Michael A., Smallegange, Renate C., Masiga, Daniel K., Mukabana, W. Richard, Sauerwein, Robert W., Sutherland, Colin J., Bousema, Teun, Pickett, John A., Takken, Willem, Logan, James G., and de Boer, Jetske G.

Published
2018

17. Unprecedented oviposition tactics avoid plant defences and reduce attack by parasitic wasps.

Author

Shi, Jin‐Hua, Sun, Ze, Pickett, John A., Hu, Xin‐Jun, Wang, Chao, Liu, Le, Jin, Huanan, Abdelnabby, Hazem, Foba, Caroline Ngichop, Yang, Xue‐Qing, Chang, Xiang‐Qian, and Wang, Man‐Qun

Subjects
PLANT defenses, PARASITIC wasps, OVIPARITY, JASMONIC acid, TRICHOGRAMMA, HERBIVORES, ACETOPHENONE, LARVAE, PLANT nematodes
Abstract

Female insects oviposit in sites suitable for the development of their offspring. The Oriental armyworm, Mythimna separata is a serious pest of various crops including wheat and prefers to oviposit on withered leaves rather than on fresh plant material, which is surprisingly different from other insects. Studies here showed that this oviposition tactic enables avoidance of wheat defence against eggs and emerged larvae. Intact plants responded to M. separata egg deposition by releasing oviposition‐induced plant volatiles including acetophenone, tetradecene and pentadecane after 24 h. Acetophenone was identified as quantitatively accounting for the attraction of the egg parasitoid wasp (Trichogramma chilonis). Leaf jasmonic acid levels significantly increased after M. separata laid eggs, and primed the plant against emerging larvae. In addition, newly emerged M. separata larvae adopted a fast crawling behaviour and starvation tolerance compared with other noctuid larvae, which enhanced the survival of larvae on the withered leaves. The elucidation of this complex and surprising plant‐insect interaction provides the first explanation for a herbivore laying eggs on withered leaves to avoid natural enemies and live‐plant defence against emerging larvae. Summary statement: Mythimna separata prefers to lay eggs on withered leaves. The result showed that this behaviour avoids plant defence against eggs and the emerged larvae. Ovipositioninduced plant volatiles, especially acetophenone, strongly attracted the egg parasitic wasps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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18. New Roles for cis-Jasmone as an Insect Semiochemical and in Plant Defense

Author

Birkett, Michael A., Chamberlain, Keith, Guerrieri, Emilio, Hick, Alastair J., Martin, Janet L., Matthes, Michaela, Napier, Johnathan A., Pettersson, Jan, Pickett, John A., Poppy, Guy M., Pow, Eleanor M., Pye, Barry J., Smart, Lesley E., Wadhams, George H., Wadhams, Lester J., and Woodcock, Christine M.

Published
2000

36. Small volatile lipophilic molecules induced belowground by aphid attack elicit a defensive response in neighbouring un-infested plants.

Author

Cascone, Pasquale, Vuts, Jozsef, Birkett, Michael A., Rasmann, Sergio, Pickett, John A., and Guerrieri, Emilio

Subjects
PLANT exudates, APHIDS, HYDROPONICS, CROPS, FAVA bean, SOLID phase extraction, BEAN growing
Abstract

In pioneering studies on plant-aphid interactions, we have observed that Vicia faba plants infested by aphids can transmit signals via the rhizosphere that induce aboveground defence in intact, neighbouring plants. The aphid parasitoid Aphidius ervi is significantly attracted towards intact broad bean plants grown in a hydroponic solution previously harbouring Acyrtosiphon pisum-infested plants. To identify the rhizosphere signal(s) possibly mediating this belowground plant-plant communication, root exudates were collected using Solid-Phase Extraction (SPE) from 10-day old A. pisum-infested and un-infested Vicia faba plants hydroponically grown. To verify the ability of these root exudates to trigger defence mechanisms against the aphids we added them to V. fabae plants grown in hydroponic solution, and tested these plants in the wind-tunnel bioassay to assess their attractiveness towards the aphids' parasitoids A. ervi. We identified three small volatile lipophilic molecules as plant defence elicitors: 1-octen-3-ol, sulcatone and sulcatol, in SPE extracts of A. pisum-infested broad bean plants. Inwind tunnel assays, we recorded a significant increase in the attractiveness towards A. ervi of V. faba plants grown in hydroponic solution treated with these compounds, compared to plants grown in hydroponic treated with ethanol (control). Both 1-octen-3-ol and sulcatol have asymmetrically substituted carbon atoms at positions 3 and 2, respectively. Hence, we tested both their enantiomers alone or in mixture. We highlighted a synergistic effect on the level of attractiveness towards the parasitoid when testing the three compounds together in respect to the response recorded against them singly tested. These behavioural responses were supported by the characterization of headspace volatiles released by tested plants. These results shed new light on the mechanisms underlying plant-plant communication belowground and prompt the use of bio-derived semiochemicals for a sustainable protection of agricultural crops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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41. L‐DOPA functions as a plant pheromone for belowground anti‐herbivory communication.

Author

Cascone, Pasquale, Vuts, Jozsef, Birkett, Michael A., Dewhirst, Sarah, Rasmann, Sergio, Pickett, John A., and Guerrieri, Emilio

Subjects
FAVA bean, DOPA, DISEASE resistance of plants, INSECT-plant relationships, VOLATILE organic compounds, AMINO acids, PHEROMONES
Abstract

While mechanisms of plant–plant communication for alerting neighbouring plants of an imminent insect herbivore attack have been described aboveground via the production of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), we are yet to decipher the specific components of plant–plant signalling belowground. Using bioassay‐guided fractionation, we isolated and identified the non‐protein amino acid l‐DOPA, released from roots of Acyrtosiphon pisum aphid‐infested Vicia faba plants, as an active compound in triggering the production of VOCs released aboveground in uninfested plants. In behavioural assays, we show that after contact with l‐DOPA, healthy plants become highly attractive to the aphid parasitoid (Aphidius ervi), as if they were infested by aphids. We conclude that l‐DOPA, originally described as a brain neurotransmitter precursor, can also enhance immunity in plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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