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In dogs, chronic enteropathies, and impaired gut integrity, as well as microbiome imbalances, are a major problem. These conditions may represent a continuous low endotoxin load, which may result in the development of diseases that are attributable to chronic inflammation. Flavonoids are polyphenolic plant compounds with numerous beneficial properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects. For our experiments, we isolated primary white blood cells (peripheral blood mononuclear cells and polymorphonuclear leukocytes) from healthy dogs and induced inflammation and oxidative stress with Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In parallel, we treated the cell cultures with various flavonoids luteolin, quercetin and grape seed extract oligomeric proanthocyanidins (GSOP) alone and also in combination with LPS treatments. Then, changes in viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a) levels were measured in response to treatment with quercetin, luteolin and GSOP at 25 and 50 µg/mL concentrations. We found that ROS levels were significantly lower in groups which were treated by flavonoid and LPS at the same time compared to LPS-treated groups, whereas TNF-a levels were significantly reduced only by luteolin and quercetin treatment. In contrast, treatment with lower concentrations of GSOP caused an increase in TNF-a levels, while higher concentrations caused a significant decrease. These results suggest that the use of quercetin, luteolin and GSOP may be helpful in the management of chronic intestinal diseases in dogs with reduced intestinal barrier integrity or altered microbiome composition, or in the mitigation of chronic inflammatory processes maintained by endotoxemia. Further in vitro and in vivo studies are needed before clinical use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The occurrence ofmembers of the Pasteurellaceae and Neisseriaceae families was studied in dogs and cats. A total of 110nasal and pharyngeal swab samples from47dogs and 8 catswere collected.Most of the strainswere identified by 16S rDNA sequencing, except Frederiksenia canicola and Pasteurella multocida where species- specific polymerase chain reactions were applied. Themost frequently isolated species was F. canicola,which occurred only in dogs, mainly in the pharyngeal cavity. The second commonest bacterium, P. multocida was found in both types of samples and in both hosts. Other species from the family Pasteurellaceae,suchas Haemophilus haemoglobinophilus, Pasteurella canis and P. dagmatis, were detected only in dogs. All isolated species belonging to the family Neisseriaceae, mainly representing Neisseria weaveri, were found only in the pharyngeal cavity.Neisseria weaveri and N. zoodegmatis could be detected in both hosts.Neisseria dumasiana andN. caniswere isolated fromdogs, whileN. shayeganii only froma cat. For phylogenetic analysis, rpoB gene sequencingwas performed,where the strainswere onmonophyletic branches and clearly separated fromeach other. In this study, recently described species such as F. canicola, N. shayeganii and N. dumasiana were detected that had never been isolated in Hungary before. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective– To evaluate a method for endoscopically guided nasojejunal tube placement allowing short-term postduodenal feeding and chyme withdrawal in dogs. Design– Pilot study. Setting– University teaching hospital. Animals– Three healthy Beagle dogs with jejunal nipple valve fistulas. Interventions– After the dogs were anesthetized, an 8 Fr, 250-cm polyvinyl chloride catheter was advanced through a gastroscope into the jejunum. Correct jejunal placement was established using endoscopic visualization and confirmed by fluoroscopy and radiography. The proximal end of the tube was pulled out through 1 nostril and sutured to the skin of the forehead. Thereafter, jejunal feeding was administered for 4 days. Follow-up examinations included daily confirmation of the tube's position using radiography, physical examination, and blood analyses. Withdrawal of jejunal chyme was performed after jejunal and oral feeding. Measurements and Main Results– Fluoroscopic examination confirmed that endoscopic visualization alone allowed correct jejunal placement. During a 4-day postduodenal feeding period, repeated radiographic examination revealed stable positioning of the tubes within the jejunum with minor cranial displacement. The tubes were functional throughout the study without causing identifiable problems. Repeated physical examinations and blood analysis showed no abnormalities. We were able to administer the daily caloric requirements as a liquid diet. Jejunal chyme was successfully withdrawn via the tube. Conclusions– Endoscopically guided nasojejunal tube placement was shown to be a minimally invasive, well-tolerated method for short-term jejunal feeding in healthy dogs. This technique is a viable option for dogs requiring jejunal feeding but not laparotomy. The feasibility of chyme sampling is another unique application of the procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]