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Abstract Purpose This study aims to assess the effectiveness of Percutaneous Endoscopic Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion (PE-PLIF) combined with a novel Unilateral Laminotomy for Bilateral Decompression (ULBD) approach using a large-channel endoscope in treating Lumbar Degenerative Diseases (LDD). Methods This retrospective analysis evaluates 41 LDD patients treated with PE-PLIF and ULBD from January 2021 to June 2023. A novel ULBD approach, called ‘Non-touch Over-Top’ technique, was utilized in this study. We compared preoperative and postoperative metrics such as demographic data, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score, surgical details, and radiographic changes. Results The average follow-up duration was 14.41 ± 2.86 months. Notable improvements were observed postoperatively in VAS scores for back and leg pain (from 5.56 ± 0.20 and 6.95 ± 0.24 to 0.20 ± 0.06 and 0.12 ± 0.05), ODI (from 58.68 ± 0.80% to 8.10 ± 0.49%), and JOA scores (from 9.37 ± 0.37 to 25.07 ± 0.38). Radiographic measurements showed significant improvements in lumbar and segmental lordosis angles, disc height, and spinal canal area. A high fusion rate (97.56% at 6 months, 100% at 12 months) and a low cage subsidence rate (2.44%) were noted. Conclusions PE-PLIF combined with the novel ULBD technique via a large-channel endoscope offers significant short-term benefits for LDD management. The procedure effectively expands spinal canal volume, decompresses nerve structures, improves lumbar alignment, and stabilizes the spine. Notably, it improves patients' quality of life and minimizes complications, highlighting its potential as a promising LDD treatment option.

Abstract In this study, we present a novel surgical method that utilizes the ultrasonic bone scalpel (UBS) for the removal of large retrovertebral osteophytes in anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) and evaluate its safety and efficacy in comparison to the traditional approach of using high-speed drill (HSD). A total of 56 patients who underwent ACDF for retrovertebral osteophytes were selected. We recorded patients' baseline information, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, complications, JOA and VAS scores, and other relevant data. The mean operation time and the mean intraoperative blood loss in the UBS group were less than those in the HSD group (P 0.05). Additionally, no significant disparities were found in bone graft fusion between the two groups at 6- and 12-months postsurgery. Notably, neither group exhibited complications such as dura tear or spinal cord injury. Our study found that the use of UBS reduced operative time, minimized surgical bleeding, and led to clinical outcomes comparable to HSD in ACDF. This technique offers an effective and safe method of removing large retrovertebral osteophytes.

Mutations or abnormal expression of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes are known to cause cancer. Recent studies have shown that epigenetic modifications are key drivers of cancer development and progression. Nevertheless, the mechanistic role of epigenetic dysregulation in the tumor microenvironment is not fully understood. Here, we reviewed the role of epigenetic modifications of cancer cells and non-cancer cells in the tumor microenvironment and recent research advances in cancer epigenetic drugs. In addition, we discussed the great potential of epigenetic combination therapies in the clinical treatment of cancer. However, there are still some challenges in the field of cancer epigenetics, such as epigenetic tumor heterogeneity, epigenetic drug heterogeneity, and crosstalk between epigenetics, proteomics, metabolomics, and other omics, which may be the focus and difficulty of cancer treatment in the future. In conclusion, epigenetic modifications in the tumor microenvironment are essential for future epigenetic drug development and the comprehensive treatment of cancer. Epigenetic combination therapy may be a novel strategy for the future clinical treatment of cancer.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) has the third highest incidence and the second highest mortality in the world, which seriously affects human health, while current treatments methods for CRC, including systemic therapy, preoperative radiotherapy, and surgical local excision, still have poor survival rates for patients with metastatic disease, making it critical to develop new strategies for treating CRC. In this article, we found that the gut microbiota can modulate the signaling pathways of cancer cells through direct contact with tumor cells, generate inflammatory responses and oxidative stress through interactions between the innate and adaptive immune systems, and produce diverse metabolic combinations to trigger specific immune responses and promote the initiation of systemic type I interferon (IFN-I) and anti-viral immunity. In addition, oncolytic virus-mediated immunotherapy for regulating oncolytic virus can directly lyse tumor cells, induce the immune activity of the body, interact with interferon, inhibit the anti-viral effect of IFN-I, and enhance the anti-tumor effect of IFN-II. Interferon plays an important role in the anti-tumor process. We put forward that exploring the effects of intestinal flora and oncolytic virus on interferon to treat CRC is a promising therapeutic option.

Abstract Background The main aim of this systematic review was to determine the effectiveness of postoperative rehabilitation interventions that include breathing exercises as a component to prevent atelectasis in lung cancer resection patients. Methods In this review, we systematically and comprehensively searched the Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science in English and CNKI and Wanfang in Chinese from 2012 to 2022. The review included any randomized controlled trials focusing on the effectiveness of postoperative rehabilitation interventions that include breathing exercises to prevent pulmonary atelectasis in lung cancer patients. Participants who underwent anatomic pulmonary resection and received postoperative rehabilitation interventions that included breathing exercises as a component were included in this review. The study quality and risks of bias were measured with the GRADE and Cochrane Collaboration tools, and statistical analysis was performed utilizing RevMan 5.3 software. Results The incidence of atelectasis was significantly lower in the postoperative rehabilitation intervention group (OR = 0.35; 95% CI, 0.18 to 0.67; I2 = 0%; P = 0.67) than in the control group. The patients who underwent the postoperative rehabilitation program that included breathing exercises (intervention group) had higher forced vital capacity (FVC) scores (MD = 0.24; 95% CI, 0.07 to 0.41; I2 = 73%; P = 0.02), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) scores (MD = 0.31; 95% CI, 0.03 to 0.60; I2 = 98%; P

Background: Ewing's sarcoma is an extremely aggressive bone sarcoma in teenagers and adolescents. We managed to identify the potential role of ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs) in Ewing's sarcoma and its clinical prognostic value. Results: A total of 59 common differentially expressed FRGs were screened out. GO/KEGG enrichment and PPI network were executed. Based on 16 prognostic-related FRGs identified by univariate Cox regression in GSE17674, 2 molecular clusters were screened out via NMF consensus. Survival rate and immune infiltration were totally different in two clusters. Subsequently, multivariate/step Cox regression was conducted to identify 7 risk signatures (SLC2A1, PCK2, CHAC1, ATG13, PRKAA2, ARNT, and SIRT1). K-M survival (p = 1.785e-06) and ROC curves (with AUC value 0.816, 0877, 0.919 in 1, 3, 5 years) were plotted to assess the good predictive ability of risk model. ICGC dataset with K-M survival (p = 1.558e-02) and AUC value (0.886, 0.750, 0.709 in 1, 3, 5 years) was used to validate the risk model. Risk score and clinical features (gender, age stage status) were incorporated into a nomogram model. Immune microenvironment (IME) ingredients (ESTIMATE score, immune cells, immune-related pathways, and checkpoint genes) between two risk groups were also explored. High-risk group possessed an activated immune status compared to low-risk group. Finally, prognostic signatures exhibited perfect diagnostic ability in ES occurrence, and several drugs showed IC50 sensitivity to different risk groups. Conclusions: Our study identified 7 prognostic signatures of FRGs and explored related immune infiltration which provided new aspects for future research in Ewing's sarcoma.How to cite: Jiao X, Li Q, Xu X. Prognostic implication of a ferroptosis related gene signature associates with immunity in Ewing’s sarcoma. Electron J Biotechnol 2023;64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbt.2023.01.004.

Cancer therapy resistance (CTR) is the development of cancer resistance to multiple therapeutic strategies, which severely affects clinical response and leads to cancer progression, recurrence, and metastasis. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) has been identified as the most common, abundant, and conserved internal transcriptional alterations of RNA modifications, regulating RNA splicing, translation, stabilization, degradation, and gene expression, and is involved in the development and progression of a variety of diseases, including cancer. Recent studies have shown that m6A modifications play a critical role in both cancer development and progression, especially in reversing CTR. Although m6A modifications have great potential in CTR, the specific molecular mechanisms are not fully elucidated. In this review, we summarize the potential molecular mechanisms of m6A modification in CTR. In addition, we update recent advances in natural products from Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCM) and small-molecule lead compounds targeting m6A modifications, and discuss the great potential and clinical implications of these inhibitors targeting m6A regulators and combinations with other therapies to improve clinical efficacy and overcome CTR.

Adverse reactions to traditional Chinese medicine have hindered the healthy development and internationalization process of the traditional Chinese medicine industry. The critical issue that needs to be solved urgently is to evaluate the safety of traditional Chinese medicine systematically and effectively. Podophyllotoxin (PPT) is a highly active compound extracted from plants of the genus Podophyllum such as Dysosma versipellis (DV). However, its high toxicity and toxicity to multiple target organs affect the clinical application, such as the liver and kidney. Based on the concurrent effects of PPT's medicinal activity and toxicity, it would be a good example to conduct a systematic review of its safety. Therefore, this study revolves around the Toxicological Evidence Chain (TEC) concept. Based on PPT as the main toxic constituent in DV, observe the objective toxicity impairment phenotype of animals. Evaluate the serum biochemical indicators and pathological tissue sections for substantial toxic damage results. Using metabolomics, lipidomics, and network toxicology to evaluate the nephrotoxicity of PPT from multiple perspectives systematically. The results showed that PPT-induced nephrotoxicity manifested as renal tubular damage, mainly affecting metabolic pathways such as glycerophospholipid metabolism and sphingolipid metabolism. PPT inhibits the autophagy process of kidney cells through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and Nrf2/HO1 pathways and induces the activation of oxidative stress in the body, thereby causing nephrotoxic injury. This study fully verified the feasibility of the TEC concept for the safety and toxicity evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine. Provide a research template for systematically evaluating the safety of traditional Chinese medicine.

Abstract This research aimed to analyze the regulatory effect of chicken telomerase reverse transcriptase (chTERT) on the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and its effect on the tumorigenicity of avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) through in vivo experiments. The chTERT eukaryotic expression plasmid and its recombinant lentivirus particles were constructed for in vivo transfection of chTERT to analyze the effect of chTERT continuously overexpressed in chickens on the tumorigenicity of ALV-J. During 156 days of the artificial ALV-J tumor-inducing process, 7 solid tumors developed in 3 chickens in the chTERT-overexpression group (n = 26*2) and no tumors developed in the control group (n = 26*2). Another 18 tumors induced by ALV-J were confirmed and collected from breeding poultry farms. And we confirmed that chTERT was significantly highly expressed in ALV-J tumors. The ELISA data suggested that the protein levels of β-catenin and c-Myc in the chicken plasma of the chTERT-overexpressing group with ALV-J infected were consistently and significantly higher than those of the control group. Compared with that of the tumor-adjacent tissues, the activity of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and expression of the c-Myc was significantly increased in ALV-J tumors. And the percentage of apoptosis in ALV-J tumors significantly lower than that in tumor-adjacent tissues. Immunohistochemistry, Western blot and RT-qPCR suggested that the replication level of ALV-J in tumors was significantly higher than that in tumor-adjacent tissues. This study suggests that chTERT plays a critical role in the tumorigenicity of ALV-J by enhancing the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which will contribute to further elucidating the tumor-inducing mechanism of ALV-J.

This paper considers the proportional–integral–derivative (PID) control for continuous-time positive systems. A three-stage strategy is introduced to design the PID controller. In the first stage, the proportional and integral components of the PID control are designed. A matrix decomposition approach is used to describe the gain matrices of the proportional and integral components. The positivity and stability of the closed-loop systems without the derivative component of PID control are achieved by the properties of a Metzler and Hurwitz matrix. In the second stage, a non-negative inverse matrix is constructed to maintain the Metzler and Hurwitz properties of the closed-loop system matrix in the first stage. To deal with the inverse of the derivative component of PID control, a matrix decomposition approach is further utilized to design a non-negative inverse matrix. Then, the derivative component is obtained by virtue of the designed inverse matrix. All the presented conditions can be solved by virtue of a linear programming approach. Furthermore, the three-stage PID design is developed for a state observer-based PID controller. Finally, a simulation example is provided to verify the effectiveness and validity of the proposed design.

Raman spectroscopy, as a kind of molecular vibration spectroscopy, provides abundant information for measuring components and molecular structure in the early detection and diagnosis of breast cancer. Currently, portable Raman spectrometers have simplified and made equipment application more affordable, albeit at the cost of sacrificing the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Consequently, this necessitates a higher recognition rate from pattern recognition algorithms. Our study employs a feature fusion strategy to reduce the dimensionality of high-dimensional Raman spectra and enhance the discriminative information between normal tissues and tumors. In the conducted random experiment, the classifier achieved a performance of over 96% for all three average metrics: accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. Additionally, we propose a multi-parameter serial encoding evolutionary algorithm (MSEA) and integrate it into the Adaptive Local Hyperplane K-nearest Neighbor classification algorithm (ALHK) for adaptive hyperparameter optimization. The implementation of serial encoding tackles the predicament of parallel optimization in multi-hyperparameter vector problems. To bolster the convergence of the optimization algorithm towards a global optimal solution, an exponential viability function is devised for nonlinear processing. Moreover, an improved elitist strategy is employed for individual selection, effectively eliminating the influence of probability factors on the robustness of the optimization algorithm. This study further optimizes the hyperparameter space through sensitivity analysis of hyperparameters and cross-validation experiments, leading to superior performance compared to the ALHK algorithm with manual hyperparameter configuration.

Abstract Background The one-stage posterior approach for treating spinal infection has recently been generally accepted. However, severe vertebral body loss caused by infection remains a major challenge in posterior surgery. This study was conducted to evaluate the clinical application and outcomes of S1 alar screws used in the one-stage posterior surgery of short-segment lumbosacral fixation and fusion after debridement for infection with severe S1 vertebral body loss. Methods The clinical features and treatment outcomes of 7 patients with spinal infections from August 2016 to August 2021 who were treated with one-stage posterior surgery using S1 alar screws were retrospectively analyzed. The clinical data, including patient data, visual analogue scale (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), fusion time and complications of the patients, were recorded. Results All 7 patients were followed up for an average duration of 14.57 months (range, 12—18 months). The VAS score decreased significantly from 7.3 preoperatively (range, 6—8) to 2.6 postoperatively (range, 2—3). The ODI score demonstrated a steady and gradual increase from 73.8 preoperatively (range, 68—75) to 33.6 postoperatively (range, 30—37). Bony fusion time was observed approximately 6.8 months after surgery. Two patients in our study experienced the postoperative local pain, which could be relieved by analgesics and disappeared 3 months after the operation. There were no complications of intraoperative fracture, posterior wound infection or neurovascular injury. Conclusions S1 alar screws are suitable for use in the operation and could be an alternative option to S1 pedicle screws for short-segment lumbosacral fixation and fusion with severe S1 vertebral body loss caused by spinal infection, which could provide satisfactory clinical outcomes.

Abstract Avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) can cause neoplastic diseases in poultry and is still widely prevalent in China. Chicken telomerase reverse transcriptase (chTERT) is the core component of telomerase, which is closely related to the occurrence and development of tumors. Our previous studies showed that chTERT is overexpressed in ALV-J tumors, but the mechanism is still not completely clear. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the possible molecular mechanism of chTERT overexpression in ALV-J tumors from the perspective of DNA methylation and promoter mutation. Methylation sequencing of the chTERT amplicon showed that ALV-J replication promoted the methylation level of the chTERT promoter. And the methylation level of the chTERT promoter in ALV-J tumors was significantly higher than that in tumor-adjacent and normal tissues. Compared with the tumor-adjacent and normal tissues, the chTERT promoter in each ALV-J tumors tested had a mutation of −183 bp C > T, and 36.0% (9/25) of the tumors also had mutations of −184 bp T > C, −73 bp::GGCCC and −56 bp A > T in the chTERT promoter, which formed the binding sites for the transcription factors NFAT5, TFAP2A and ZEB1, respectively. The results of RT–qPCR and Western blotting showed that the occurrence of these mutations significantly increased the expression level of chTERT. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the high expression of chTERT in ALV-J tumors is positively correlated with the level of hypermethylation and mutation in its promoter, which provides a new perspective for further research on the molecular mechanism of chTERT in ALV-J tumorigenesis.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of blindness worldwide and a costly complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). DR severity is associated with DM duration; thus, DR has become more devastating to individuals and healthcare systems owing to the aging population and the significantly increased human lifespan.Aging is an irreversible cellular state characterized by long-term stagnation of the cell cycle from excessive stress or damage. Furthermore, aging plays a critical role in developing age-related diseases, but its effects (direct or indirect) on DR development remain considerably understudied. Nonetheless, some studies have demonstrated that aging-related degeneration and DR development share common risk factors, which helps explain the increased prevalence of DR and visual impairment in the elderly population.This review aims to provide some conceptual insight into aging and DR development, two intertwined pathophysiological processes, and discusses potential therapeutic strategies for DR, including prevention and treatment, during this era of longevity.

Growing evidence demonstrated that cuproptosis play critical roles in human cancers. We aimed to identify the roles of cuproptosis related genes (CRGs) in prognosis and immunity of Ewing's sarcoma.The data of GSE17674 and GSE63156 were obtained from GEO. The expression of 17 CRGs and immune cells were explored, then correlation was analyzed. Based on CRGs, two molecular clusters were identified by consensus clustering algorithm. KM survival and IME features including immune cells, immune response, checkpoint genes between clusters were evaluated. NFE2L2, LIAS, and CDKN2A were screened out as prognostic signatures by univariate, LASSO and step regression. A risk model was established, and validated by KM method with p = 0.0026, and perfect AUC values. The accuracy of risk model was also well validated in external dataset. A nomogram was constructed and evaluated by calibration curves and DCA. Low level of immune cells, immune response, and enriched checkpoint genes were found in high-risk group. GSEA of signatures and GSVA of ES-related pathways revealed the potential molecular mechanism involved in ES progression. Several drugs showed sensitivity to ES samples. DEGs between risk groups were screened out, and function enrichment was conducted. Finally, scRNA analysis of GSE146221 was done. NFE2L2, and LIAS played crucial role in the evolution of ES by pesudotime and trajectory methods. Our study provided new aspects for further research in ES.

The electrochemical impedance spectrum (EIS) is a non-destructive technique for the on-line evaluation and monitoring of the performance of lithium-ion batteries. However, the measured EIS can be unstable and inaccurate without the proper resting time. Therefore, we conducted comprehensive EIS tests during the charging process and at different state of charge (SOC) levels with various resting times. The test results revealed two findings: (1) EIS tests with a constant long resting time showed a clear pattern in the impedance spectral radius—a decrease followed by a slight increase. We analyzed the impedance data using an equivalent circuit model and explained the changes through circuit parameters. (2) We examined the effect of resting time on impedance at consistent SOC levels. While low SOC levels exhibited significant sensitivity to resting time, medium SOC levels showed less sensitivity, and high SOC levels had minimal impact on resting time. The equivalent circuit parameters matched the observed trends. Kramers–Kronig transformation was conducted to assess the reliability of the experiments. This study not only summarizes the relationship between the EIS and SOC but also highlights the importance of resting time in impedance analysis. Recognizing the role of the resting time could enhance impedance-based battery studies, contribute to refined battery status evaluation, and help researchers to design proper test protocols.

More than 25% of all malignant tumors are digestive system tumors (DSTs), which mostly include esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer, liver cancer, gallbladder cancer and cholangiocarcinoma, and colorectal cancer. DSTs have emerged as one of the prominent reasons of morbidity and death in many nations and areas around the world, posing a serious threat to human life and health. General treatments such as radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgical resection can poorly cure the patients and have a bad prognosis. A type of immunotherapy known as oncolytic virus therapy, have recently shown extraordinary anti-tumor effectiveness. One of the viruses that has been the subject of the greatest research in this field, the herpes simplex virus (HSV), has shown excellent potential in DSTs. With a discussion of HSV-1 based on recent studies, we outline the therapeutic effects of HSV on a number of DSTs in this review. Additionally, the critical function of HSV in the detection of cancers is discussed, and some HSV future possibilities are shown.

Identifying the permeability structure of the dam foundation rock mass is important for the formulation of seepage control schemes. For the horizontally-stratified red-bed rock mass of the Yellow River Guxian Dam foundation, this paper adopted a "continuous, high-resolution" water pressure test data processing method to analyze the relationships between rock mass permeability and elevation, lithology and shear zones, clarifiy the permeability structure of the dam foundation rock mass, and propose seepage control advice. The results indicate that the Guxian Dam foundation rock mass is characterized by a structural and random permeability behavior. The structure shows that the permeability decreases with elevation. The randomness shows that the permeability randomly fluctuates due to lithology and shear zones. For the river-bed dam foundation rock mass, the bottom elevation of the weathering and unloading zone is 450 m or so, and the 1Lu bottom boundary is at the elevation of approximately 340 m. For the rock mass of the dam abutment, the 3Lu bottom boundary is located at the elevation of 560～580 m. The section of 350～360 m elevation has a certain thickness of soft rock, a poor development of shear structure, and a low permeability. It can be regarded as a confining layer and a potential target for the optimization of seepage control schemes. In view of the universal applicability, the method proposed in this paper can be used for reference in similar projects.

Direct femtosecond laser writing or inscription is a useful technique, and it has been employed to engineer various materials in many applications including nonlinear photonic crystals, which are of periodically patterned second-order nonlinearity to get and control the coherent light at new frequencies. By manipulation of second-order nonlinearity, either erased or poled, quasi-phase matching has been achieved in several crystals, especially three-dimensional nonlinear photonic crystals have been originally proposed and proved to be truly three-dimensional. Here we shortly review on the recent advances in the research field of nonlinear photonic crystals inscribed by femtosecond laser, as well as look into the future in this field.

Metabolic reprogramming is one of the most prominent features underlying cancer cells progression and metastasis.Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been widely used in the clinical treatment of cancer, with the advantages of multi-pathway, multi-target, multi-component anti-tumor pharmacological effects and low risk of adverse effects. However, the mechanisms underlying the anti-tumor effects of TCM are not fully understood, especially on cellular metabolic reprogramming. In this review, we summarize the role of glucose, lipid and amino acid metabolism in cancer metastasis, which is key in cancer cells and tumor micro-environment (TME) cell metabolism. Furthermore, we reviewed the potential mechanisms by which, most bioactive TCM compounds suppress cancer metastasis by regulating metabolic reprogramming and the possibility of sensitizing other anti-tumor drugs. TCM and its bioactive compounds have huge prospects for clinical application in the treatment of cancer metastasis. Unfortunately, little is currently known about the regulatory effects of Chinese herbal medicines and their bioactive compounds on the metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells and the combination therapy for cancers. This review provides novel insights into the regulation of metabolic reprogramming by TCM in combination with other anti-tumor drugs against cancer metastasis and the possibility of becoming sensitizers for other anti-tumor drugs.

Abstract This study aimed to explore the mutual regulation between chicken telomerase reverse transcriptase (chTERT) and the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway and its effects on cell growth and avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) replication in LMH cells. First, LMH cells stably overexpressing the chTERT gene (LMH-chTERT cells) and corresponding control cells (LMH-NC cells) were successfully constructed with a lentiviral vector expression system. The results showed that chTERT upregulated the expression of β-catenin, Cyclin D1, TCF4 and c-Myc. chTERT expression level and telomerase activity were increased when cells were treated with LiCl. When the cells were treated with ICG001 or IWP-2, the activity of the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway was significantly inhibited, and chTERT expression and telomerase activity were also inhibited. However, when the β-catenin gene was knocked down by small interfering RNA (siRNA), the changes in chTERT expression and telomerase activity were consistent with those in cells treated with ICG001 or IWP-2. These results indicated that chTERT and the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway can be mutually regulated. Subsequently, we found that chTERT not only shortened the cell cycle to promote proliferation but also inhibited apoptosis by downregulating the expression of Caspase 3, Caspase 9 and BAX; upregulating BCL-2 and BCL-X expression; and promoting autophagy. Moreover, chTERT significantly enhanced the migration ability of LMH cells, upregulated the protein and mRNA expression of ALV-J and increased the virus titre. ALV-J replication promoted chTERT expression and telomerase activity.

Various studies are being conducted on oncolytic virotherapy which one of the mechanisms is mediating interferon (IFN) production by it exerts antitumor effects. The antiviral effect of IFN itself has a negative impact on the inhibition of oncolytic virus or tumor eradication. Therefore, it is very critical to understand the mechanism of IFN regulation by oncolytic viruses, and to define its mechanism is of great significance for improving the antitumor effect of oncolytic viruses. This review focuses on the regulatory mechanisms of IFNs by various oncolytic viruses and their combination therapies. In addition, the exerting and the producing pathways of IFNs are briefly summarized, and some current issues are put forward.

Oncolytic virus therapy has advanced rapidly in recent years. Natural or transgenic viruses can target tumor cells and inhibit tumor growth and metastasis in various ways without interfering with normal cell and tissue function. Oncolytic viruses have a high level of specificity and are relatively safe. Malignant tumors in the digestive system continue to have a high incidence and mortality rate. Although existing treatment methods have achieved some curative effects, they still require further improvement due to side effects and a lack of specificity. Many studies have shown that oncolytic viruses can kill various tumor cells, including malignant tumors in the digestive system. This review discusses how oncolytic virus therapy improves malignant tumors in the digestive system from the point-of-view of basic and clinical studies. Also, the oncolytic virus anti-tumor mechanisms underpinning the therapeutic potential of oncolytic viruses are expounded. In all, we argue that oncolytic viruses might eventually provide therapeutic solutions to malignant tumors in the digestive system.

ABSTRACT: The activation of human telomerase reverse transcriptase is regulated by the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway to various degrees to promote the occurrence and development of tumors. However, the regulatory roles of chicken telomerase reverse transcriptase (chTERT) and the NF-κB signaling pathway in chickens are still elusive, particularly in respect to the regulation of cell pyroptosis. In this study, we found that chTERT upregulated the expression of p65 and p50, downregulated the expression of IκBα, promoted the phosphorylation of p65, p50, and IκBα, and significantly increased the transcript levels of the inflammatory cytokines IFNγ, TNFα, and IL-6 in LMH cells. The activity of NF-κB was significantly decreased after siRNA-mediated chTERT silencing. The expression of chTERT and telomerase activity were also significantly decreased when the NF-κB signaling pathway was blocked by p65 siRNA, MG132 or BAY 11-7082. In cells treated with LPS, the activity of NF-κB signaling pathway and the expression of chTERT were significantly upregulated. All of the results suggested that chTERT and the NF-κB pathway could regulate each other, reciprocally. Moreover, the expression of Caspase-1, NLRP3, GSDMA, IL-18, and IL-1β and caused membrane perforation, suggesting the development of pyroptosis by chTERT in LMH cells. And the expression of caspase-11 did not significantly increased in chTERT overexpression group. Genetic silence of NF-κB p65 or chTERT gene by siRNA suppressed the expression of these proinflammatory cytokines, indicating that chTERT mediates pyroptosis by regulating the NF-κB signaling pathway in LMH cells.

Brightening polymer-stabilized bistable cholesteric liquid crystal (PSBCLC) films with doped fluorescent dyes were prepared using the polymerization-induced phase separation (PIPS) method. The transmittance performance behavior of these films in both states (focal conic and planar) and absorbance change in multiple dye concentrations were studied using a UV/VIS/NIR spectrophotometer. The change occurring in dye dispersion morphology with different concentrations was obtained by means of the polarizing optical microscope. The maximum fluorescence intensity of different dye-doped PSBCLC films was measured using a fluorescence spectrophotometer. Moreover, the contrast ratios and driving voltages of these films were calculated and recorded to demonstrate film performance. Finally, the optimal concentration of dye-doped PSBCLC films with a high contrast ratio and a relatively low drive voltage was found. This is expected to have great potential applications in cholesteric liquid crystal reflective displays.

In the paper, a novel color image encryption scheme is proposed by use of the three-dimensional chaotic maps and some data reconstruction techniques. In the diffusion process of the encryption algorithm, the three-dimensional chaotic Logistic map is introduced to changes the pixel value of the plain image. Meanwhile, in the confusion process, the three-dimensional chaotic Cat map is applied to deal with the position of the image pixels. Moreover, some data reconstruction techniques are employed for the better encryption result. Furthermore, the corresponding decryption algorithm is also given. The significant advantages of our method are the effectiveness and simplicity, and our proposed method breaks the correlation between image pixel layers, offers a large key space and against differential and statistical attacks effectively. Finally, the superiority of the proposed algorithm will be shown by the experimental results, security analysis, and the corresponding comparisons with literature.

A rapid shrinkage of Daihai Lake was found in recent decades. The present study analyzed the characteristics of Daihai Lake shrinkage and quantified the contribution of climate and human activities. The results of Mann-Kendall- Sneyers test and moving t-test showed that there was an obvious mutation point of lake level in 2006 and the descending speed of Daihai Lake level post-2006 (-0.46m/a) was 3.22 times that of pre-2006 (-0.14m/a). The centroid of Daihai Lake moved 1365.18 m from southwest to northeast during 1989 ~ 2018 with an average speed of 47.08 m/a. The results of Mann-Kendall trend test revealed that the annual evaporation showed a significant downward trend with a rate of approximately -5.33 mm/a, while no significant trend was found in precipitation. Daihai lake water level showed a very weak relationship with evaporation (r = 0.078, p < 0.01) and precipitation (p>0.05) respectively. Daihai Lake was influenced by human activities mainly from land use/ land cover, building reservoirs, pumping groundwater and directly consuming Daihai Lake water by Daihai power plant (DHPP). It was thought-provoking that DHPP began to consume Daihai lake water in 2006, which was consistent with abrupt change of Daihai lake level. The proportion of human impact was fluctuating upward. Human factors were the main factor of lake water reduction in last 10 years and the 5-year average contribution of human activities to Daihai Lake shrinkage was more than 61.99%. More attention and economic support should be given to prevent the continuous shrinkage of Daihai Lake.

Abstract The long-standing interest in graphene has recently brought graphene-derived materials including graphene hydrogel, graphene fiber and graphene paper into sharp focus. These graphene-derived materials show outstanding properties in mechanics and physics. In this paper, for the first time, we demonstrate the novel synthesis of graphene dendrites on SiO2/Si substrates by chemical vapor deposition. The tree-like graphene dendrites with well-controlled morphology can be directly grown on both the Si and the SiO2 surfaces of the substrates by using methane and hydrogen as precursors. The graphene dendrites on SiO2/Si substrates can be directly used in the fabrication of the electronic device. The conductivity and the Hall mobility of graphene dendrites are ~ 286 Scm−1 and ~ 574 cm2(Vs)−1, respectively. Young’s modulus of graphene dendrites is up to 2.26 GPa. The developed method avoids the need for a metal substrate and is scalable and compatible with the existing semiconductor technology, making graphene dendrites be very promising in nanoelectronic applications.

Abstract Background As a common complication of diabetes, the incidence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is 60–70% worldwide. DPN is a major risk factor for diabetic foot, which may lead to foot ulceration and even amputation. The treatment of DPN remains challenging. Our preliminary study demonstrated that the external application of Tangbi Waixi (TW) decoction to the lower extremities relieved clinical symptoms and improved nerve conduction velocity in DPN patients. The aim of this study was to verify the efficacy of TW among DPN patients and evaluate the herb mixture’s safety using rigorous methodological designs. Methods/design This study is a multicenter, double-blind, randomized controlled trial. A total of 640 DPN patients will be recruited and randomized to receive a foot bath with either the TW decoction or control drug. Participants will be assessed at baseline and 12 and 24 weeks after treatment. The primary outcome was the change of the Toronto Clinical Scoring System (TCSS). Secondary outcomes were nerve conduction velocity, blood glucose, blood lipids, serum inflammatory cytokines, and the European Quality of Life Five-Dimension Scale (EQ-5D) and TCM symptom scores. Discussion This multicenter, prospective, randomized clinical trial will provide valuable data regarding the efficacy and safety of foot bath treatment with TW decoction. Positive results would provide a novel treatment regimen for DPN patients. Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR-IOR-16009331. Registered on 8 October 2016.

The modeling of shear cracks in materials is critical in various engineering applications, such as the safety analysis of concrete structures and stability analysis of rock slopes. Based on the idea of Goodman element, the elastic-plastic constitutive model of the shear cracks is derived, and the elastic-plastic analysis of shear crack propagation is realized in the local radial basis point interpolation method (LRPIM). This method avoids the loss of accuracy caused by the mesh in the analysis of fracture propagation, and the crack propagation of rock brittle material is simulated. The investigation indicates that (1) the LRPIM results are close to the FDM results, which demonstrates that it is feasible to analyze shear cracks in rock masses. (2) Compared with the results of the built-in oblique crack model, when the LRPIM is used to analyze crack propagation, the results are close to the experimental results, showing that the LRPIM can model shear crack propagation in a rock mass. (3) The propagation path using the LRPIM is not sufficiently smooth, which can be explained as the crack tip stress and strain not being sufficiently accurate and still requiring further improvement.

The limit equilibrium method’s analysis index cannot be measured by on-site monitoring equipment and cannot be used for monitoring and early warning of rock instability. The existing rock stability evaluation methods based on vibration information cannot evaluate the stability of rocks quantitatively. In this paper, the slope’s constraints on the rock were simplified to springs and a three-dimensional analysis model of rock vibration was established. The equation for calculating the natural frequency of rock that includes the spring stiffness as an indicator was derived. The rock stability calculation function containing the index of natural frequency was brought into the traditional rock stability coefficient calculation equation, and a new rock stability analysis method based on natural frequency was established. The experiment proved the measurability of the index of the natural frequency of rock and the method’s effectiveness for the stability analysis of the rock based on natural frequency.

In this study, through an analysis of vibration response characteristics of joint surface stiffness on dangerous rock mass, the relationship formula between amplitude ratio of the dangerous rock mass to the bedrock and the length of the bonding section of the joint surface is determined. The stability of the rock mass can be evaluated by combining the formula with the existing rock-mass limit equilibrium theory. This study proposes the existence of a resonance bonding length for the dangerous rock mass. When the length of the bonding section reaches the resonance bonding length, the dangerous rock mass has the largest response to the bedrock vibration. The study found that when the length of the bonding section of the dangerous rock mass is longer than the resonance bonding length, the amplitude ratio increases with the decrease of the bonding section and increases with the increase of the vibration frequency of the bedrock. When the length of the bonding section of the dangerous rock body is shorter than the resonance bonding length, the amplitude ratio decreases with the decrease of the bonding section and decreases with the increase of the vibration frequency of the bedrock. Indoor experiments were conducted by collecting the vibration time-history curves of rock blocks and stone piers and performing analysis and calculation, which proved the accuracy of the analytical results. Through the amplitude ratio of the dangerous rock mass and the bedrock, the bonding length can be calculated. This method can improve the calculation accuracy of the stability coefficient K of the dangerous rock mass.

The purpose of this study is to examine optical spatial frequency spectroscopy analysis (SFSA) combined with visible resonance Raman (VRR) spectroscopic method, for the first time, to discriminate human brain metastases of lung cancers adenocarcinoma (ADC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) from normal tissues. A total of 31 label-free micrographic images of three types of brain tissues were obtained using a confocal micro-Raman spectroscopic system. VRR spectra of the corresponding samples were synchronously collected using excitation wavelength of 532nm from the same sites of the tissues. Using SFSA method, the difference in the randomness of spatial frequency structures in the micrograph images was analyzed using Gaussian function fitting. The standard deviations, σ calculated from the spatial frequencies of the micrograph images were then analyzed using support vector machine (SVM) classifier. The key VRR biomolecular fingerprints of carotenoids, tryptophan, amide II, lipids and proteins (methylene/methyl groups) were also analyzed using SVM classifier. All three types of brain tissues were identified with high accuracy in the two approaches with high correlation. The results show that SFSA–VRR can potentially be a dual-modal method to provide new criteria for identifying the three types of human brain tissues, which are on-site, real-time and label-free and may improve the accuracy of brain biopsy.

This paper studied the method for converting the aerosol extinction to the mass concentration of particulate matter (PM) and obtained the spatio-temporal distribution and transportation of aerosol, nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and formaldehyde (HCHO) based on multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) observations in Dalian (38.85°N, 121.36°E), Qingdao (36.35°N, 120.69°E), and Shanghai (31.60°N, 121.80°E) from 2019 to 2020. The PM2.5 measured by the in situ instrument and the PM2.5 simulated by the conversion formula showed a good correlation. The correlation coefficients R were 0.93 (Dalian), 0.90 (Qingdao), and 0.88 (Shanghai). A regular seasonality of the three trace gases is found, but not for aerosols. Considerable amplitudes in the weekly cycles were determined for NO2 and aerosols, but not for SO2 and HCHO. The aerosol profiles were nearly Gaussian, and the shapes of the trace gas profiles were nearly exponential, except for SO2 in Shanghai and HCHO in Qingdao. PM2.5 presented the largest transport flux, followed by NO2 and SO2. The main transport flux was the output flux from inland to sea in spring and winter. The MAX-DOAS and the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) models’ results were compared. The overestimation of NO2 and SO2 by CAMS is due to its overestimation of near-surface gas volume mixing ratios.

In recent years, atomic layer deposition (ALD) is widely used for surface modification of materials to improve the catalytic performance for removing pollutants, e.g., CO, hydrocarbons, heavy metal ions, and organic pollutants, and much progress has been achieved. In this review, we summarize the recent development of ALD applications in environmental remediation from the perspective of surface modification approaches, including conformal coating, uniform particle deposition, and area-selective deposition. Through the ALD conformal coating, the activity of photocatalysts improved. Uniform particle deposition is used to prepare nanostructured catalysts via ALD for removal of air pollutions and dyes. Area-selective deposition is adopted to cover the specific defects on the surface of materials and synthesize bimetallic catalysts to remove CO and other contaminations. In addition, the design strategy of catalysts and shortcomings of current studies are discussed in each section. At last, this review points out some potential research trends and comes up with a few routes to further improve the performance of catalysts via ALD surface modification and deeper investigate the ALD reaction mechanisms.

Abstract Background A number of meta-analyses have been carried out to evaluate the effects of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) versus open surgery (OS) for acute Achilles tendon rupture. However, discordant findings were seen in these meta-analyses. The present study, performing a systematic review of overlapping meta-analyses regarding MIS versus OS of acute Achilles tendon rupture, aimed to assist decision-makers interpret and choose among conflicting meta-analyses, as well as to offer treatment recommendations based on current best evidence. Methods The literature search was performed to identify systematic reviews comparing MIS with OS for Achilles tendon rupture. Meta-analyses only comprising randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included. Two authors individually evaluated the quality of meta-analysis and extracted data. The Jadad decision algorithm was conducted to ascertain which meta-analysis offered the best evidence. Results A total of four meta-analyses was included. All these meta-analyses comprised RCTs or quasi-RCTs and were determined as Level-II evidence. The scores of the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) ranged from 7 to 10 (median 9.5). The Jadad algorithm indicated that the best meta-analysis should be chosen according to the search strategies and application of selection. A high-quality meta-analysis with more RCTs was chosen, which suggested that there was no statistically significant difference between MIS and OS regarding rerupture rate, tissue adhesion, sural nerve injury, deep infection, and deep vein thrombosis. However, MIS could decrease superficial infection rate, and had a better patient satisfaction for good to excellent outcomes in comparison to OS. Conclusions Based on the best available evidence, MIS may be superior to OS for treating acute Achilles tendon rupture. However, due to some limitations, this should be cautiously interpreted, and further high-quality studies are needed.

The construction of subways has an external impact on the urban environment. Among them, the most important acceleration function lies in the property values of housing near subway stations. Tianjin, the largest open coastal city in Northern China, is selected as the subject of the research in this paper by virtue of its unique background. The Hedonic Pricing Model is used in analysing the change in the value of the properties located within 1,000 metres of completed subway line 3 stations. Using the theories of land rent and land location, and a model of the impact of urban traffic on the surrounding real estate prices, we analyse the sphere of influence of Tianjin Metro Line 3 on real estate prices. Finally, the paper stresses the importance of urban construction and subway building and finds that different development strategies should be used according to the characteristics of the subway in various regions of the city.

Retraction Note: Li et al. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research (2016) 11:65 DOI https://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-016-0401-2. The authors have retracted this article [1] because of text overlap with a previously published article [2]. All authors agree to this retraction.

Combining Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) with endoscopy, it is expected that noninvasive, rapid detection of colorectal cancer can be performed in vivo in the future. In this study, Fourier transform infrared spectra were collected from 88 endoscopic biopsy colorectal tissue samples (41 colitis and 47 cancers). A new method, viz., entropy weight local-hyperplane k-nearest-neighbor (EWHK), which is an improved version of K-local hyperplane distance nearest-neighbor (HKNN), is proposed for tissue classification. In order to avoid limiting high dimensions and small values of the nearest neighbor, the new EWHK method calculates feature weights based on information entropy. The average results of the random classification showed that the EWHK classifier for differentiating cancer from colitis samples produced a sensitivity of 81.38% and a specificity of 92.69%.

Understanding the biology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is one of the primary challenges in current tuberculosis research. Investigation of mycobacterial biology using the systems biology approach has deciphered much information with regard to the bacilli and tuberculosis pathogenesis. The modulation of its environment and the ability to enter a dormant phase are the hallmarks of M. tuberculosis. Until now, proteome studies have been able to understand much about the role of various proteins, mostly in growing M. tuberculosis cells. It has been difficult to study dormant M. tuberculosis by conventional proteomic techniques with very few proteins being found to be differentially expressed. Discrepancy between proteome and transcriptome studies lead to the conclusion that a certain aspect of the mycobacterial proteome is not being explored. Analysis of protein turnover may be the answer to this dilemma. This review, while giving a gist of the proteome response of mycobacteria to various stresses, analyzes the data obtained from abundance studies versus data from protein turnover studies in M. tuberculosis. This review brings forth the point that protein turnover analysis is capable of discerning more subtle changes in protein synthesis, degradation, and secretion activities. Thus, turnover studies could be incorporated to provide a more in-depth view into the proteome, especially in dormant or persistent cells. Turnover analysis might prove helpful in drug discovery and a better understanding of the dynamic nature of the proteome of mycobacteria.

For achieving the development of a portable, low-cost and in vivo cancer diagnosis instrument, a laser 785 nm miniature Raman spectrometer was used to acquire the Raman spectra for breast cancer detection in this paper. However, because of the low spectral signal-to-noise ratio, it is difficult to achieve high discrimination accuracy by using the miniature Raman spectrometer. Therefore, a pattern recognition method of the adaptive net analyte signal (NAS) weight k-local hyperplane (ANWKH) is proposed to increase the classification accuracy. ANWKH is an extension and improvement of K-local hyperplane distance nearest-neighbor (HKNN), and combines the advantages of the adaptive weight k-local hyperplane (AWKH) and the net analyte signal (NAS). In this algorithm, NAS was first used to eliminate the influence caused by other non-target factors. Then, the distance between the test set samples and hyperplane was calculated with consideration of the feature weights. The HKNN only works well for small values of the nearest-neighbor. However, the accuracy decreases with increasing values of the nearest-neighbor. The method presented in this paper can resolve the basic shortcoming by using the feature weights. The original spectra are projected into the vertical subspace without the objective factors. NAS was employed to obtain the spectra without irrelevant information. NAS can improve the classification accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of breast cancer early diagnosis. Experimental results of Raman spectra detection in vitro of breast tissues showed that the proposed algorithm can obtain high classification accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. This paper demonstrates that the ANWKH algorithm is feasible for early clinical diagnosis of breast cancer in the future.

This paper investigates the problem of output feedback adaptive stabilization control design for a class of nonholonomic chained systems with uncertainties, involving virtual control coefficients, unknown nonlinear parameters, and unknown time delays. The objective is to design a robust nonlinear output-feedback switching controller, which can guarantee the stabilization of the closed loop systems. An observer and an estimator are employed for states and parameters estimates, respectively. A constructive controller design procedure is proposed by applying input-state scaling transformation, parameter separation technique, and backstepping recursive approach. Simulation results are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.

In order to improve the predictive accuracy of human blood glucose quantitative analysis model with fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, this paper uses a method named improved extended multiplicative scatter correction (Im-EMSC), which can effectively eliminate the scattering effects caused by human body strong scattering. The principal components of the differential spectra are used instead of the pure spectra of the analytes in this algorithm. Calibrate the unwanted physical characteristic through the shape of the curve of principal components, and extract the original glucose concentration information. Im-EMSC can efficiently remove most of the pathlength difference and baseline shift influences. Firstly, Im-EMSC is used as a preprocessing method, and then partial least squares (PLS) regression method is adopted to establish a quantitative analysis model. In this paper, the result of Im-EMSC is compared with those popular scattering correction algorithms of multiplicative scatter correction (MSC) and extended multiplicative scatter correction (EMSC) preprocessing methods. Experimental results show that the prediction accuracy has been greatly improved with Im-EMSC method, which is helpful for human noninvasive glucose concentration detection technology.

Background Gut microbiota dysbiosis involved in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). The characteristics of enterotypes in CRC development have not been determined. Objective To characterize the gut microbiota of healthy, adenoma, and CRC subjects based on enterotype. Methods The 16 S rRNA sequencing data from 315 newly sequenced individuals and three previously published datasets were collected, providing total data for 367 healthy, 320 adenomas, and 415 CRC subjects. Enterotypes were analyzed for all samples, and differences in microbiota composition across subjects with different disease states in each enterotype were determined. The predictive values of a random forest classifier based on enterotype in distinguishing healthy, adenoma, and CRC subjects were evaluated and validated. Results Subjects were classified into one of three enterotypes, namely, Bacteroide- (BA_E), Blautia- (BL_E), and Streptococcus- (S_E) dominated clusters. The taxonomic profiles of these three enterotypes differed among the healthy, adenoma, and CRC cohorts. BA_E group was enriched with Bacteroides and Blautia; BL_E group was enriched by Blautia and Coprococcus; S_E was enriched by Streptococcus and Ruminococcus. Relative abundances of these genera varying among the three human cohorts. In training and validation sets, the S_E cluster showed better performance in distinguishing among CRC patients, adenoma patients, and healthy controls, as well as between CRC and non-CRC individuals, than the other two clusters. Conclusion This study provides the first evidence to indicate that changes in the microbial composition of enterotypes are associated with disease status, thereby highlighting the diagnostic potential of enterotypes in the treatment of adenoma and CRC. Keywords: Enterotype, Adenoma, Colorectal cancer, Gut microbiota, Random forest model, Author(s): Li Qingbo[sup.1], Zhuang Jing[sup.1,2,3], Qu Zhanbo[sup.1,2,3], Chu Jian[sup.1,2,3], Song Yifei[sup.1], Wu Yinhang[sup.1,2,3] and Han Shuwen[sup.1,2,3] Introduction The human gastrointestinal tract is inhabited by a community of approximately 100 trillion [...]