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Microgrid (MG) is capable of accommodating renewable energy sources (RESs) with high flexibility. With the rapid development of MGs, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) are gaining increasing attention since they can alleviate pollution and reduce energy consumption. The appearance of PHEVs would exacerbate the power supply shortages and bring new challenges to the power system. This paper develops an effective day-ahead optimal scheduling of a MG, taking into account RESs, storage devices and PHEVs. The Monte Carlo simulation is utilized to model the uncertainties of PHEVs. A smart charging/discharging strategy incorporating the V2G technique is proposed to smooth the demand curve and reduce the operational costs. To handle the MG scheduling problem in the presence of PHEVs, an improved sine cosine algorithm with simulated annealing based local search operator and chaotic opposition learning strategy (CSCASA) is proposed to minimize the total costs. The proposed algorithm can keep a better balance between global and local search abilities. CSCASA is first validated on some benchmark problems. Then, CSCASA is employed to generate optimal schedule of a grid-connected MG with PHEVs. The experimental results demonstrate the superior performance of CSCASA in the optimal MG scheduling problem with and without PHEVs.

Wanying Shan,1,&ast; Jie Zhao,2,&ast; Chunfang Qiu,1 Guoli Xu,1 Jie Feng1 1Department of Neurology, Suzhou Ninth People’s Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215200, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Gerontology, Suzhou Ninth People’s Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215200, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Jie Feng, Department of Neurology, Suzhou Ninth People’s Hospital, Soochow University, No. 2666 Ludang Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215200, People’s Republic of China, Tel/Fax +86 051282881332, Email fengjie6769@163.comBackground and Purpose: Increased glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) levels were found in cerebrovascular disease patients. The pathogenesis of depression after ischemic stroke remains largely unknown. Here, we aim to determine whether GFAP concentrations were associated with post-stroke depression (PSD) at 3 months.Methods: From March 2022 to September 2022, patients with first-ever ischemic stroke were prospectively recruited. GFAP concentrations were detected within 24 h using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The PSD was defined as a Hamilton Depression Rating Scale 24-Item score ≥ 8.Results: A total of 206 subjects with ischemic stroke (mean age: 63.6 years; 49.0% female) were enrolled. During the 90-day follow-up, 57 participants (27.7%) were observed in PSD. The median serum GFAP concentrations were 0.67 ng/mL. After adjustment for the covariates, higher increased GFAP levels were associated with increased risk of PSD (odds ratio [OR], 7.12; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.29– 15.44; P < 0.001). Also, the multivariate-adjusted OR of PSD associated with the fourth quartile of GFAP was 10.89 (95% CI, 3.53– 33.60; P < 0.001) compared with the first quartile. Furthermore, the restricted cubic spline confirmed a linear association between GFAP and the risk of PSD (P for linearity < 0.001).Conclusion: Our results indicated that increased circulating GFAP concentrations were significantly correlated with the risk of PSD at 3 months. Measuring the GFAP levels after ischemic stroke may add some values for the risk stratifying of PSD.Keywords: post-stroke depression, ischemic stroke, prognosis, glial fibrillary acidic protein, prospective study

Yongzhen Zhou,1,2,&ast; Chenjie Qiu,3,&ast; Qingsheng Fu,2 Tao Li,1 Xudong Zhang,1 Chunfu Zhu,1 Xihu Qin,1 Baoqiang Wu1,2 1Department of General Surgery, the Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213000, People’s Republic of China; 2Graduate School, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233003, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of General Surgery, Changzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changzhou, 213000, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Baoqiang Wu, Email yddf999@163.comBackground: RAD54L is a prominent member of the SWI2/SNF2 protein family, primarily involved in the homologous recombination repair (HRR) process, thereby playing a pivotal role in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). RAD54L has been implicated in the development of numerous tumors. Consequently, we aimed to investigate the potential contribution of RAD54L in pan-cancer.Methods: Various databases and analytical tools were employed for bioinformatics analysis. Moreover, in vitro experiments were conducted to corroborate the findings from the bioinformatics analysis and delve deeper into the role of RAD54L in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Results: RAD54L expression demonstrated a significant elevation in the majority of tumors, and its overexpression was strongly associated with unfavorable survival outcomes. RAD54L displayed robust correlations with the infiltration levels of various immune cells, including cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs), endothelial cells, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Additionally, associations were observed between RAD54L and key factors such as tumor mutation burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), multiple immune checkpoints, and immune cell infiltration. Moreover, a close relationship was observed between RAD54L expression levels in HCC and clinicopathological characteristics, as well as immune cell infiltration. Experimental techniques including qRT-PCR, Western blotting, colony-forming, Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), wound-healing, and transwell assays were employed, which collectively demonstrated that RAD54L promoted the proliferation and migration of HCC cells.Conclusion: RAD54L exhibits robust expression in both pan-cancer and HCC, exerting a significant influence on the proliferation and migration of HCC cells. These findings highlight its potential as a promising biomarker for pan-cancer and a prospective target for immunotherapy.Keywords: RAD54L, pan-cancer, tumor microenvironment, malignant behavior

Cui Qiu,1– 3 Yan Fang1– 3 1First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Science and Technology (Huainan First People’s Hospital) Tianjia ‘an District, Huainan City, People’s Republic of China; 2Anhui University of Science and Technology Medical College Tianjia ‘an District, Huainan City, People’s Republic of China; 3Institute of Ophthalmology, Anhui University of Science and Technology Tianjia ‘an District, Huainan City, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Yan Fang, Tel +8613721126292, Fax +8605543320706, Email hnfy@sohu.comPurpose: To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of symptomatic dry eye disease (DED) in Chinese coal workers.Methods: The prevalence of symptomatic DED in coal workers was investigated by using the questionnaire of Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) and the influencing factors were explored.Results: The prevalence of symptomatic DED was 50.7% in coal workers. Of the influencing factors of symptomatic DED, the level of dust exposure had an odds ratio (OR) of 1.26, the time of dust exposure had an OR of 1.02, and the age had an OR of 1.03.Conclusion: There was a high morbidity of symptomatic DED among coal workers and the level and the time of dust exposure and the age of coal workers had important effects.Keywords: symptomatic DED, prevalence, influencing factors, coal workers

Jichan Shi,1,&ast; Gexin Gao,2,&ast; Zhijie Yu,3,&ast; Kaihuai Wu,4 Youquan Huang,5 Lian-Peng Wu,6 Zhengxing Wu,1 Xinchun Ye,1 Chaochao Qiu,1 Xiangao Jiang1 1Department of Infectious Disease, Wenzhou Central Hospital, The Dingli Clinical Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Nursing School, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Hematology, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, People’s Republic of China; 4Departments of Infectious Diseases, Taishun People’s Hospital, Wenzhou, 325000, People’s Republic of China; 5Departments of Infectious Diseases, Yongjia People’s Hospital, Wenzhou, 325000, People’s Republic of China; 6Department of Laboratory, Wenzhou Central Hospital, The Dingli Clinical Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Xiangao Jiang, Department of Infectious Disease of Wenzhou Central Hospital, The Dingli Clinical Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, 252 Baili East Road, Lucheng District, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 13587691822, Fax +86 577 88070007, Email jiang_xiangao@126.comBackground: Tuberculosis (TB) is still the single pathogen infectious disease with the largest number of deaths worldwide. The relationship that intestinal microbiota disorder and de novo fatty acid synthesis metabolism have with disease progression in multi-drug resistant TB (MDR-TB) has not yet been fully studied.Objective: To investigate the effects of long periods of MDR-TB, pre-extensively drug-resistant TB (pre-XDR-TB), or rifampicin-resistant TB (RR-TB) on gut microbiome dysbiosis and advanced disease.Methods: The sample was chosen between March 2019 and September 2019 in Wenzhou Central Hospital and comprised 11 patients with pre-XDR-TB, 23 patients with RR-TB, and 28 patients with MDR-TB. Healthy individuals were chosen as the control group (CK group). An overnight fast blood sample was drawn via venipuncture into tubes without anticoagulant. For analysis, 300 mg of faeces from patients from the same group was mixed and analysed using DNA extraction, NGS sequencing, and bioinformatics. A QIAamp Fecal DNA Mini Kit was used to isolate the DNA. The extracted DNA was stored at − 20°C.Results: Advanced TB was concurrent with an elevated level of the proportions of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC1) to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and fatty acid synthase (FASN) to GAPDH in de novo fatty acids synthesis, and Eubacterium, Faecalibacterium, Roseburia, and Ruminococcus were increased significantly in RR-TB patients compared to healthy individuals, whereas their abundance in the pre-XDR-TB and MDR-TB groups showed little change in comparison with the control group. Proteobacteria levels were greatly increased in the RR-TB and MDR-TB patient groups but not in the patients with pre-XDR-TB or the healthy subjects. The pre-XDR-TB group exhibited alterations of the intestinal microbiome: coliform flora showed the highest abundance of Verrucomicrobiales, Enterobacteriales, Bifidobacteriales and Lactobacillales. De novo fatty acids synthesis was enhanced in patients and was associated with the gut microbiome dysbiosis induced by the antimicrobials, with Bacteroidetes, Bacteroidales, and Bacteroidaceae displaying the most important correlations on a phylum, order, and family level, respectively.Conclusion: The progression to advanced TB was observed to be a result of the interaction between multiple interrelated pathways, with gut–lung crosstalk potentially playing a role in patients with drug-resistant TB.Keywords: multi-drug resistant TB disease, gut commensal, microbial imbalance, de novo fatty acids synthesis, microbiome biosignature alterations

Xiaolei Han,1,2,&ast; Yongxiang Wang,2,3,&ast; Ziying Jiang,1 Yuanjing Li,4 Yi Dong,1 Lin Cong,1– 3 Tingting Hou,1– 3 Yajun Liang,4,5 Erika J Laukka,4 Yifeng Du,1– 3 Chengxuan Qiu1,4 1Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China; 3Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Jinan, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China; 4Aging Research Center and Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet-Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; 5Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Yifeng Du, Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 324 Jingwuweiqi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-531-68776354, Fax +86-531-68773274, Email du-yifeng@hotmail.comPurpose: We explore the associations of individual and composite cardiovascular health metrics with all-cause dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, and vascular dementia among rural-dwelling older adults and the potential age variations in their associations.Patients and Methods: This community-based cross-sectional study included 4980 older adults (age ≥ 65 years; 57.23% women) from the baseline examination of MIND-China. In March–September 2018, data were collected via face-to-face interviews, clinical examinations, and laboratory test. We defined six cardiovascular health metrics according to the modified American Heart Association’s recommendations. We diagnosed dementia and its subtypes following the international criteria. Data were analyzed using logistic regression models.Results: Of all the participants, 250 were diagnosed with dementia, including 165 with Alzheimer’s disease and 75 with vascular dementia. Ideal composite global cardiovascular health metrics (vs poor composite metrics) were associated with a multi-adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of 0.62 (0.42– 0.93) for dementia, 0.88 (0.52– 1.48) for Alzheimer’s disease, and 0.31 (0.16– 0.60) for vascular dementia. Moreover, ideal biological cardiovascular health metrics were associated with multi-adjusted odds ratio of 0.52 (0.28– 0.95) for dementia and 0.21 (0.06– 0.77) for vascular dementia in young–old adults (65– 74 years), whereas ideal behavioral cardiovascular health metrics were associated with multi-adjusted odds ratio of 0.48 (0.26– 0.89) for dementia and 0.16 (0.06– 0.43) for vascular dementia in old–old adults (≥ 75 years).Conclusion: Our results suggest that ideal cardiovascular health metrics are cross-sectionally associated with a low likelihood of dementia and vascular dementia among rural-dwelling older Chinese adults. The associations vary with age, components of cardiovascular health metrics, and dementia subtypes.Keywords: cardiovascular health, dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia, population-based study

Radial pre-swirl systems are widely applied in the aviation industry to supply cooling air to high-pressure turbine blades in aircraft engines. The efficiency of the film cooling can significantly decline when the air pressure is insufficient. This study explored the synergistic optimization of pre-swirl nozzles and receiver holes to improve the pressure ratio of a radial pre-swirl system. To attain this objective, we established a surrogate model using an artificial neural network and adopted the particle swarm optimization algorithm to pinpoint the optimized geometric parameters within the defined design scope. The results revealed that the optimal performance was achieved when the pre-swirl-nozzle tangential angle reached 40.4368°, the receiver-hole axial angle reached 2.0286°, and the tangential angle reached 30°. Additionally, multiple computational simulations were performed under diverse operational conditions to validate the efficacy of this optimization. The results revealed a significant enhancement in the pressure-boosting efficiency of the radial pre-swirl system, with negligible impact on temperature increment. The optimized model exhibited a 16.93% higher pressure ratio and 1.6% higher temperature ratio than the baseline model. This improvement can be attributed to enhancements in the flow field and reductions in local losses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Danqi Chen,1 Ying Qin,2 Mengmeng Dai,1 Lulu Li,1 Hongpeng Liu,2 Yaoyao Zhou,3 Cheng Qiu,3 Yan Chen,1 Yuyang Jiang1,4 1State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China; 3National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for Personalized Anti-Tumor Drugs, Shenzhen Kivita Innovative Drug Discovery Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China; 4School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Yan Chen; Yuyang Jiang Tel/Fax +86-755-26036017Email yanchen16@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn; jiangyy@sz.tsinghua.edu.cnPurpose: We explored specific expression profiles of BGN and COL11A1 genes and studied their biological functions in CRC using bioinformatics tools.Patients and Methods: A total of 68 pairs of cancer and non-cancerous tissues from CRC patients were enrolled in this study. Methods we used in this articles including: qRT-PCR, Western blot analysis, ELISA, GO and KEGG regulatory network analysis, tumor infiltration, luciferase reporter-based protein and etc.Results: According to The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data, BGN and COL11A1 expression levels were significantly higher in CRC patient samples than in samples from healthy controls. Moreover, levels were much higher in late-stage CRC than in early-stage disease, warranting evaluation of these genes as CRC prognostic biomarkers. Subsequently, qRT-PCR, Western blot analysis, and ELISA results obtained from analyses of CRC cells, tissues, and patient sera aligned with TCGA results. GO and KEGG regulatory network analysis revealed BGN- and COL11A1-associated genes that were functionally related to extracellular matrix (ECM) receptor pathway activation, with transcription factor genes RELA and NFKB1 positively associated with BGN expression and CEBPZ and SIRT1 with COL11A1 expression. Meanwhile, BGN and COL11A1 expression were separately and significantly correlated to tumor infiltration by six immune cell types. Additionally, kinase genes PLK1 and LYN appeared to be downstream targets of differentially expressed BGN and COL11A1, respectively. In addition, the expression of PLK1 mRNA was down-regulated while BGN was down-regulated. Finally, BGN effects on CRC cell proliferation, cycle, apoptosis, invasion, and migration were studied using molecular biological methods, including luciferase reporter-based protein analysis, qRT-PCR, and Western blot results, which revealed that miR-6828-5p may regulate BGN expression.Conclusion: We speculate that the use of BGN and COL11A1 as CRC biomarkers would improve CRC staging, while also providing several novel targets for use in the development of more effective CRC treatments.Keywords: colorectal cancer, COL11A1, BGN, PLK-1, miR-6828-5p

Chunxiao Wang,* Zesheng Shi,* Zhongshi Hong, Jianpeng Pan, Zhichuan Chen, Chengzhi Qiu, Haibin Zhuang, Xuecong Zheng Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Zhongshi Hong Department of General SurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 34 Zhongshan North Road, Licheng District, Quanzhou 362000 Fujian Province, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 13859776152Email hongzhongshi@163.comPurpose: LACTB, regulated by a variety of microRNAs (miRNAs), is proven to be a tumor suppressor. However, there are few reports that LACTB in colon cancer cells is regulated by miRNA. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the miRNAs that regulate LACTB in colon cancer.Patients and Methods: Data from TCGA were analyzed in starBase and GEPIA2, and Western blot and quantitative PCR (qPCR) were used to detect the expression of LACTB in colon cancer cell lines. MiRNAs targeting LACTB were predicted by MicroT-CDS, starBase, miRDB, mirDIP, and DIANA. The relationship between LACTB and miRNA was explored by dual-luciferase assay. MTT, propidium iodide (PI), Western blot, Annexin V-FITC/PI Kit, qPCR and transwell assay were used to detect the changes in cell proliferation, cell cycle, autophagy, apoptosis, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cell migration, and invasiveness in colon cancer cells that overexpressed miR-1276 and/or LACTB.Results: The results showed that the LACTB mRNA level was lower and the miR-1276 level was higher in colon cancer than in normal tissue. MiR-1276 inhibited the expression of LACTB. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-1276 in colon cancer cells increased proliferation, migration, invasiveness and EMT, and decreased autophagy and apoptosis. Supplementing LACTB suppressed these effects of miR-1276.Conclusion: In conclusion, miR-1276, which may be a potential therapy for colon cancer, inhibits cell growth and promotes apoptosis by targeting LACTB in colon cancer cells.Keywords: microRNA, colonic neoplasms, cell proliferation, LACTB, miR-1276

Jie Li, Chen Qiu, Peng Xu, Yongzhen Lu, Rongchang Chen Key Laboratory of Shenzhen Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University), Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Jie Li; Rongchang ChenKey Laboratory of Shenzhen Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University), Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of ChinaEmail ljszry2018@126.com; chenrc@vip.163.comObjective: The present study was conducted to elucidate the protective effect of Casticin against chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in rats.Methods: The COPD in rats was induced by the controlled cigarette smoke, and CST (10, 20, and 30 mg/kg) was injected into the cigarette-smoke exposed rats. Blood was taken from the abdominal vein and centrifuged (1500×g, 4°C, 15min); plasma was collected and used for the determination of various biochemical parameters.Results: The results of the study suggested that CST significantly improved the lung functions of the rats in a dose-dependent manner. It also causes a reduction of white blood cells, neutrophils, and macrophages in BALF of rats. The plasma level of leptin and C-reactive protein together with pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) were also significantly restored to near to normal in CST-treated group. In Western blot analysis, CST causes significant inhibition of the NF-ĸB and iNOS pathway.Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that the CST protects lungs against COPD via improving lung functions and inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammation.Keywords: COPD, Casticin, smoke, inflammation, oxidative stress, NF-ĸB

Chengjiang Qiu,1 Kairui Liu,1 Sheng Zhang,1 Simin Gao,2 Weirun Chen,1 Dateng Li,3 Youxing Huang1 1Department of Abdominal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Breast Surgery, Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Statistical Science, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75275, USACorrespondence: Youxing HuangDepartment of Abdominal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 111 Dade Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86-13632255441Fax + 86-20-39318790Email waiqike7@163.comBackground: Bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC), a stable bioactive ingredient in curcuminoids, is associated with various antitumor functions, such as proliferation inhibition, metastasis suppression and apoptosis induction, in many cancer types. However, the mechanism of BDMC in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear.Methods: We assessed the toxicity and the inhibitory effect of BDMC in the HepG2 cell line by using CCK-8 and colony formation assays. The regulatory effects of BDMC on Akt and MAPK signaling were investigated by Western blotting and immunoprecipitation.Results: We found that the half-maximum inhibitory concentration (IC50) of BDMC after 48 hrs of treatment was 59.13 μM, and BDMC inhibited proliferation in a time- and dose-dependent manner in HepG2 cells. The inhibitory effect was caused by the inactivation of Akt signaling, but not Erk, Jnk or p38 signaling. In addition, the inactivation of Akt signaling was attributed to the inhibition of ubiquitination mediated by K63-Ub but not K48-Ub. Furthermore, we found that BDMC upregulated the expression of CYLD, leading to Akt deubiquitination and inactivation.Conclusion: BDMC inhibited HCC cell proliferation, and that this effect was induced by Akt inactivation via CYLD-mediated deubiquitination.Keywords: bisdemethoxycurcumin, hepatocellular carcinoma, proliferation, deubiquitination

Xiao-jie Chen,1 Shu-min Ren,2 Jian-zeng Dong,1 Chun-guang Qiu,1 Ying-wei Chen,1 Hai-long Tao1 1Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; 2Department of Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect and mechanism of Ginkgo biloba extract-761 (EGb 761) in the rat with myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury (MIRI).Materials and methods: Forty Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into following four groups: sham group, I/R group and EGb 761 groups (20 and 40 mg/kg). MIRI model was established after 14 days of administration. The myocardial infarct size and myocardial histology were measured and compared. Meanwhile, the levels of creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), troponin T (TnT), TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were evaluated. Western blot was used to detect the expression of Caspase-3, Bax, Bcl-2, HO-1, Nrf2, Akt, p-Akt and nuclear protein Nrf2.Results: The levels of infarct size, CK-MB, LDH, TnT, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in the EGb 761 groups were significantly lower than those in the ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) group. The content of MDA was lower in the myocardium, whereas the activities of SOD and GSH-Px were higher than those in the I/R group. The expressions of Caspase-3 and Bax in the EGb 761 groups were significantly lower than those in the I/R group, whereas the expressions of Bcl-2, p-Akt and HO-1 and nuclear protein Nrf2 in the EGb 761 groups were higher than those in the I/R group.Conclusion: EGb 761 might inhibit the apoptosis of myocardial cells and protect the myocardium by activating the Akt/Nrf2 pathway, increasing the expression of HO-1, decreasing oxidative stress and repressing inflammatory reaction. Keywords: Ginkgo biloba extract, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, oxidative stress, superoxide dismutase

Mesoscale eddies help regulate ocean energy cascades. Eddies deformation influences barotropic instability, which represents kinetic energy transfer between scales; however, the barotropic instability structure has not been well studied. We investigated an intra‐thermocline eddy (ITE) and developed a novel anisotropic method to examine the horizontal barotropic instability. The development of the ITE was monitored using a state‐of‐the‐art autonomous underwater vehicle from May to July. The ITE became trapped in June and moved eastward in July. Based on anisotropic theory, the barotropic instability was separated into isotropic and anisotropic productions. The anisotropy contained information regarding shape and mean flow feedback of the eddy. Barotropic instability was the main source for ITE eastward propagation and was dominated by anisotropic production. Following a shape and anisotropy change, the ITE gained the mean‐flow kinetic energy by the anisotropy shear production in June and by the anisotropy stretch production when moving eastward in July. Plain Language Summary: Mesoscale eddies play vital roles in ocean circulation and are important in energy cascades between large‐scale ocean circulation and dissipate scales. The barotropic instability could induce kinetic energy transition between scales, however, the underlying mechanism has not been well studied. We developed a novel method to decompose the horizontal barotropic instability into isotropic production and anisotropic production. The development of a mesoscale eddy was monitored continuously using a state‐of‐the‐art autonomous underwater vehicle. This mesoscale eddy became stationary in June and began to move eastward in July. In the observation case, the barotropic instability mainly controlled the eddy kinetic energy budget and is dominated by anisotropic production, indicating the contribution of the mean‐flow strain. We found that, the mesoscale eddy gained the mean‐flow kinetic energy via the anisotropy shear production when it was stationary, while via anisotropy stretch production when it moved eastward. Key Points: For 3 months, a state‐of‐the‐art AUV monitored the development of an intra‐thermocline eddy (ITE) in terms of vertical transectsNovel anisotropy analysis was developed and revealed interactions between eddy anisotropy and mean‐flow strain in barotropic instabilityThe anisotropic partitioning of the ITE at different stages helped gain kinetic energy from the mean flow [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Yan Xia,1 Panyu Zhou,1,* Fei Wang,2 Chao Qiu,2 Panfeng Wang,1 Yuntong Zhang,1 Liming Zhao,3 Shuogui Xu1,2 1Department of Emergency, 2Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 3State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China *These authors contributed equally to this work Abstract: In this study, bioactive scaffold of nano magnesium phosphate (nMP)/wheat protein (WP) composite (MWC) was fabricated. The results revealed that the MWC scaffolds had interconnected not only macropores (sized 400–600 µm) but also micropores (sized 10–20 µm) on the walls of macropores. The MWC scaffolds containing 40 w% nMP had an appropriate degradability in phosphate-buffered saline and produced a weak alkaline microenvironment. In cell culture experiments, the results revealed that the MWC scaffolds significantly promoted the MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation, differentiation, and growth into the scaffolds. The results of synchrotron radiation microcomputed tomography and analysis of the histological sections of the in vivo implantation revealed that the MWC scaffolds evidently improved the new bone formation and bone defects repair as compared with WP scaffolds. Moreover, it was found that newly formed bone tissue continued to increase with the gradual reduction of materials residual in the MWC scaffolds. Furthermore, the immunohistochemical analysis further offered the evidence of the stimulatory effects of MWC scaffolds on osteogenic-related cell differentiation and new bone regeneration. The results indicated that MWC scaffolds with good biocompability and degradability could promote osteogenesis in vivo, which would have potential for bone tissue repair. Keywords: nano magnesium phosphate, wheat protein, composite scaffolds, degradation, bone regeneration

Chaohua Huang,1,2,4,* Yukun Kang,1,* Bo Zhang,1 Bin Li,1 Changjian Qiu,1 Shanming Liu,1 Hongyan Ren,1,2 Yanchun Yang,1 Xiehe Liu,1 Tao Li,1–3 Wanjun Guo1,21Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China; 2State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Psychiatric Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China; 3Mental Health Education Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China; 4Mental Health Center, Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workAbstract: Anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is a form of autoimmune encephalitis associated with antibodies against the NR1 subunits of NMDARs. Although new-onset acute prominent psychotic syndromes in patients with NMDAR encephalitis have been well documented, there is a lack of case studies on differential diagnosis and treatment of anti-NMDAR encephalitis after a long-term diagnostic history of functional psychotic disorders. The present study reports an unusual case of anti-NMDAR encephalitis. The patient had been diagnosed with schizophrenia 7 years earlier, and was currently hospitalized for acute-onset psychiatric symptoms. The diagnosis became unclear when the initial psychosis was confounded with considerations of other neurotoxicities (such as neuroleptic malignant syndrome). Finally, identification of specific immunoglobulin G NR1 autoantibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid and greater effectiveness of immunotherapy over antipsychotics alone (which has been well documented in anti-NMDAR encephalitis) indicated the diagnosis of anti-NMDAR encephalitis in this case. Based on the available evidence, however, the relationship between the newly diagnosed anti-NMDAR encephalitis and the seemingly clear, long-term history of schizophrenia in the preceding 7 years is uncertain. This case report illustrates that psychiatrists should consider anti-NMDAR encephalitis and order tests for specific immunoglobulin G NR1 autoantibodies in patients presenting with disorientation, disturbance of consciousness, cognitive deficit, dyskinesia, autonomic disturbance, or rapid deterioration, even with a seemingly clear history of a psychiatric disorder and no specific findings on routine neuroimaging, electroencephalography, or cerebrospinal fluid tests in the early stage of the illness.Keywords: anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor encephalitis, schizophrenia, differential diagnosis, treatment