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Tissue specimens are valuable materials for microbiological diagnosis. The method of tissue processing can have a significant effect on sensitivity. This study aimed to compare different biopsy processing methods in terms of efficacy and standardization. Pork tissue artificially inoculated with Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, and samples of infected human tissue were processed by different methods before culture, and the results compared. Bacterial recovery from artificially inoculated pork tissue was significantly higher by homogenization with GentleMacs Dissociator than with sonication. No significant difference was observed between the GentleMacs Dissociator and manual treatment with a scalpel and vortexing. The microbial yield from homogenized human tissues was significantly higher after homogenization with GentleMacs Dissociator than with the conventional method. Homogenization with the GentleMacs Dissociator retrieves bacteria from tissue effectively. Tissue homogenization with the Dissociator is easy and fast to perform and allows for a high degree of standardization.

Objectives The aim was to assess the incidence of sink contamination by multidrug-resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacteriaceae, risk factors for sink contamination and splashing, and their association with clinical infections in the intensive care setting. Methods A prospective French multicentre study (1 January to 30 May 2020) including in each intensive care unit (ICU) a point-prevalence study of sink contamination, a questionnaire of risk factors for sink contamination (sink use, disinfection procedure) and splashing (visible plashes, distance and barrier between sink and bed), and a 3-month prospective infection survey. Results Seventy-three ICUs participated in the study. In total, 50.9% (606/1191) of the sinks were contaminated by MDR bacteria: 41.0% (110/268) of the sinks used only for handwashing, 55.3% (510/923) of those used for waste disposal, 23.0% (62/269) of sinks daily bleached, 59.1% (126/213) of those daily exposed to quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) and 62.0% (285/460) of those untreated; 459 sinks (38.5%) showed visible splashes and 30.5% (363/1191) were close to the bed ( Discussion Our data showed frequent and multifactorial infectious risks associated with contaminated sinks in ICUs.

In 2016, the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute funded the National Patient Centered Clinical Research Network (PCORnet) Bariatric Study (PBS). Understanding the experience of postoperative patients was a key component of this study. Nine focus groups were conducted in Southern California, Louisiana, Pennsylvania, and Ohio and in a national advocacy conference for patients with obesity. Participants were identified and recruited in both clinical and community settings. Focus group transcripts were analyzed using an iterative inductive-deductive approach to identify global overarching themes. There were 76 focus group participants. Participants were mostly women (81.4%), had primarily undergone gastric sleeve (47.0%), were non-Hispanic white (51.4%), had some college education (44.3%), and made $100,000 annual income or less (65.7%). Qualitative findings included negative reactions patients received from friends, family, and co-workers once they disclosed that they had bariatric surgery to lose weight; and barriers to follow-up care included insurance coverage, emotional and situational challenges, and physical pain limiting mobility. These findings confirm the other qualitative findings in this area. The approach to bariatric surgery should be expanded to provide long-term comprehensive care that includes in-depth postoperative lifetime monitoring of emotional and physical health.

Objective: Due to the natural aging and the loosened CI-implantation criteria more formerly operated Meniere's patients will be supplied with a cochlear implant. However, it raises the question whether an implantation in a previously treated ear is promising. Material and Methods: Based on 2 cases in which we have carried out a CI-implantation, one of them 10 years after transmastoidal labyrinthectomy, and based on the current literature we draw attention to problems and prospects of success. Discussion: Histological studies show only a small ossification of the cochlea after labyrinthectomy. Implanted Meniere's patients have a better speech intelligibility than other CI users. Attacks of rotatory vertigo with tinnitus and fluctuations of hearing after cochlear implantation in Meniere's patients are rare or they are too little described. Conclusion: There is a trend to perform a simultaneous labyrinthectomy and cochlea implantation in Meniere's patients with desabling vertigo which have not responded to drug treatment. A formerly performed transmastoidal labyrinthectomy is not a contraindication for a cochlear implantation.

Steel-based composites reinforced with titanium diborides (TiB 2 ) and produced by eutectic solidification display a significant increase in specific stiffness ( E / ρ ) in comparison with usual steels. A significant lightening can be achieved in parts designed for stiffness with a high Young’s modulus and a low density. They can be produced through the use of industrial continuous casting devices and can be hot rolled without any damage. This production route guarantees a good cohesion of the steel/reinforcement interface and the control of the main parameters that determine the final properties of the product (size, shape, clustering of reinforcements). In order to get a better understanding of the composite properties, its microstructural features after hot rolling are investigated through transmission electron microscopy at microscopic and atomic levels. TiB 2 reinforcements are homogeneously distributed in the ferritic iron matrix. Interfaces between Fe and TiB 2 particles are mainly parallel to dense planes of the diboride, with a preferential growth of prismatic planes { 1 0 1 ¯ 0 } . Interfacial misfit dislocations occur at interfaces parallel to the prismatic planes. The TiB 2 basal plane is covered by a TiC layer three atomic planes in width. The hot rolling operation induces a significant plastic deformation in the TiB 2 particles, with the activation of basal and prism plane slip systems. All these characteristics may account for the good behaviour of the composite in terms of hot rolling capability.

Background Chromosomal class A β-lactamases have been characterized in Raoultella ornithinolytica and Raoultella planticola. The purpose of this study was to characterize that of Raoultella terrigena. Materials and methods The blaTER-1 gene of R. terrigena strain ATCC33257T was cloned (pACter-1) and sequenced. It was then used to detect the bla gene of strains BM 85 01 095 and SB2796. The hypermutable Escherichia coli strain AB1157 mutS::Tn10 was transformed with pACter-1 and mutants growing on plates containing > 2 mg/L ceftazidime were studied. Notably, the impact of mutations only observed in the promoter region on β-lactam resistance was assessed by site-directed mutagenesis experiments. Results R. terrigena strains ATCC33257T and BM 85 01 095 had the same bla gene and deduced protein (TER-1) whereas there were 3 substitutions in those of strain SB2796 (TER-2). Class A β-lactamases TER showed 78%, 69.9% and 38.7% identity with PLA or ORN, TEM-1 and KOXY, respectively. Compared with TEM-1, TER-1 and TER-2 showed 2 particular substitutions, Leu75Pro and Glu240Asn demonstrated to be involved in the inherent β-lactam resistance profile of R. terrigena. TER-1 (pI of 7.6) had a high activity against penicillin G and a significantly low one against amoxicillin. Substitution G/T observed in the -35 region of the blaTER gene harbored by strains growing in the presence of ≥ 2 mg/L ceftazidime was shown to be responsible for this growth. Conclusion TER is a new class A β-lactamase belonging to functional group 2b.

Neuroendokrine Neoplasien der Lunge leiten sich von diffus im Korper verteilten enterochromaffinen Zellen her. Die Inzidenz der neuroendokrinen Neoplasien der Lunge ist in den letzten Jahrzehnten aufgrund der zur Verfugung stehenden Diagnostik deutlich angestiegen, sie machen etwa 1 – 2 % aller Lungentumoren und ca. 20 – 30 % aller neuroendokrinen Neoplasien aus. Die aktuelle WHO-Klassifikation ist aus dem Jahre 2004 und unterteilt typische Karzinoide (TC), atypische Karzinoide (AC), groszellige Lungenkarzinome (LCNEC) und kleinzellige Lungenkarzinome (SCLC). Die wichtigsten neuroendokrinen Biomarker sind Chromogranin A, CD56 und Synaptophysin. TC haben eine geringe Mitoserate von Die steigende Zahl der therapeutischen Moglichkeiten und diagnostische Verfahren erfordert ein multidisziplinares Vorgehen und eine Entscheidungsfindung in multidisziplinaren Tumorkonferenzen, um eine „masgeschneiderte“ Therapie zu gewahrleisten, weshalb Patienten mit einer neuroendokrinen Neoplasie der Lunge in spezialisierten Zentren behandelt werden sollten.

Resume Introduction Le syndrome de Churg-Strauss est une vascularite systemique rare. Cette maladie est responsable d’un infiltrat eosinophile des tissus dont les manifestations les plus frequentes sont l’asthme cortico-dependant, une mono- ou multinevrite, une polypose des sinus de la face, des atteintes digestive et renale. L’atteinte des glandes salivaires est exceptionnelle. Observation Nous decrivons les caracteristiques d’une atteinte salivaire parotidienne bilaterale chez une patiente porteuse de ce syndrome. Le bilan morphologique detaille des glandes salivaires a mis en evidence un epaississement inhabituel des parois des canaux salivaires. Discussion Generalement au second plan du tableau clinique, et source d’errements diagnostiques, l’atteinte salivaire du syndrome de Churg et Strauss peut etre delicate a demontrer histologiquement. Il est recommande de realiser un prelevement tissulaire dans la glande responsable de la symptomatologie, en dehors de tout traitement corticoide.

Bei der hereditaren hamorrhagischen Teleangiektasie (HHT, Morbus Osler-Weber-Rendu) kann es zur Ausbildung von pulmonalen arteriovenosen Malformationen (pAVM) kommen. Zur Vermeidung von Komplikationen und zum Verschluss relevanter AV-Shunts sollte eine Embolisation der Malformationen vorgenommen werden. Im vorliegenden Fallbeispiel kam es zum Abhusten von Embolisationsspiralen 15 Jahre nach Intervention. Bei Hamoptysen nach Interventionen mit Embolisationsspiralen sollte auch Jahre nach deren Implantation neben dem Verdacht auf neue AV-Malformationen an durchwanderte Spiralen gedacht und eine entsprechende Diagnostik durch Einsatz von Thorax-CT mit Kontrastmittel und Bronchoskopie durchgefuhrt werden.

Anlasslich des 50. Geburtstags der Wissenschaftlichen Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur die Therapie von Lungenkrankheiten (WATL) wird ihre Geschichte von der Grundung bis zur heutigen Situation dargestellt. Es werden die Forschungsthemen der WATL uber diese lange Zeit hinweg benannt und wesentliche Studien der WATL kurz charakterisiert. Fruh vor allem mit Studien zur Tuberkulose beschaftigt, hat sich das Spektrum der WATL dann erheblich verbreitert und Krankheiten wie die Sarkoidose, die pulmonale Langerhans-Zell-Histiozytose, das Lungenemphysem beim α1-Antitrypsin-Mangel, die chronisch-obstruktive Bronchitis und das Asthma bronchiale sowie die nichttuberkulosen Mykobakteriosen ins Visier genommen. Schlieslich in der Erkenntnis, dass die methodischen Moglichkeiten fur grose Studien bei den klassischen Lungenkrankheiten unter aktuellen Anforderungen nicht ausreichen, hat die WATL begonnen, sich eine Kompetenz auf dem Sektor der seltenen Lungenkrankheiten wie Lymphangioleiomyomatose und Alveolarproteinose zu erwerben. Zusatzlich hat sich die WATL mit ihren nun zum dritten Mal durchgefuhrten Kongressen in Berlin ein edukatives Ziel im Bereich der nicht zum Mainstream gehorenden Fragen in der Pneumologie auf die Fahnen geschrieben.

We discuss the performances of (001) and (110) oriented gate-all-around silicon nanowire (Si NW) transistors within a nonequilibrium Green's functions framework, taking surface roughness and phonon scatterings into account. We show, in agreement with previous studies, that uniaxial tensile (respectively, compressive) strains can significantly improve the mobility of electrons (respectively, holes) in the channel. This does not, however, necessarily result in a comparable enhancement of the device performances. Indeed, the current in short channels is limited by both the scattering and the number of sub-bands available for carrier transport in quantum confined systems (intrinsic “ballistic” resistance). The dependence of the mobility and ballistic resistance on strains can be different, which calls for a careful design of the devices. We show, in this respect, that (110) Si NWs provide the best opportunities for strain engineering in ultimate short channel transistors.

International audience; Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance mechanisms have become increasingly prevalent among Enterobacteriaceae strains since the 1990s. Among these mechanisms, AAC(6')-Ib-cr is the most difficult to detect. Different detection methods have been developed, but they require expensive procedures such as Sanger sequencing, pyrosequencing, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) restriction, or the time-consuming phenotypic method of Wachino. In this study, we describe a simple matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) method which can be easily implemented in clinical laboratories that use the MALDI-TOF technique for bacterial identification. We tested 113 strains of Enterobacteriaceae, of which 64 harbored the aac(6')-Ib-cr gene. We compared two MALDI-TOF strategies, which differed by their norfloxacin concentration (0.03 vs. 0.5 g/L), and the method of Wachino with the PCR and sequencing strategy used as the reference. The MALDI-TOF strategy, performed with 0.03 g/L norfloxacin, and the method of Wachino yielded the same high performances (Se = 98 %, Sp = 100 %), but the turnaround time of the MALDI-TOF strategy was faster (< 5 h), simpler, and inexpensive (< 1 Euro). Our study shows that the MALDI-TOF strategy has the potential to become a major method for the detection of many different enzymatic resistance mechanisms.

Fragment-based design was used to guide derivatization of a lead series of β-lactamase inhibitors that had heretofore resisted optimization for in vivo activity. X-ray structures of fragments overlaid with the lead suggested new, unanticipated functionality and points of attachment. Synthesis of three derivatives improved affinity over 20-fold and improved efficacy in cell culture. Crystal structures were consistent with the fragment-based design, enabling further optimization to a K i of 50 pM, a 500-fold improvement that required the synthesis of only six derivatives. One of these, compound 5 , was tested in mice. Whereas cefotaxime alone failed to cure mice infected with β-lactamase-expressing Escherichia coli , 65% were cleared of infection when treated with a cefotaxime: 5 combination. Fragment complexes offer a path around design hurdles, even for advanced molecules; the series described here may provide leads to overcome β-lactamase-based resistance, a key clinical challenge.

Resume Introduction L’os spongieux est le materiau de comblement de choix dans la reconstruction de la fente alveolaire (alveoloplastie secondaire). Le prelevement iliaque est le plus classique mais sa morbidite est importante. Parmi les autres sites proposes, le prelevement tibial semble plus sur avec une morbidite moindre. Nous avons evalue les consequences du prelevement tibial medioproximal sur 55 enfants operes d’une alveoloplastie secondaire. Patients et methode Un questionnaire individuel a evalue retrospectivement l’intensite et la duree de la douleur postoperatoire, l’impotence fonctionnelle, d’eventuelles complications tardives et la longueur de la cicatrice. Des radiographies tibiales postoperatoires de face et de profil ont permis de mesurer le diametre de la corticotomie, sa distance avec l’espace articulaire et avec le cartilage de croissance, et de rechercher des complications locales. Resultats L’âge moyen etait de neuf ans. Aucune complication n’a ete relevee. Soixante-neuf pour cent des patients se sont plaints de douleur postoperatoire cotee 4/10 pendant une duree de 17 jours en moyenne. Soixante-cinq pour cent ont eu une gene a la marche pendant 12 jours en moyenne. La longueur de la cicatrice etait de 10 mm en moyenne. Deux patients (3,6 %) presentaient des sequelles deux ans apres l’intervention : une douleur residuelle sur la cicatrice et une ossification ectopique indolore en regard du site de prelevement. Discussion La morbidite du prelevement tibial medioproximal est faible. La technique est simple, rapide et sure. L’os spongieux recueilli est suffisant pour greffer deux sites alveolaires simultanement. Ce site nous semble particulierement adapte a l’alveoloplastie secondaire chez l’enfant.

We recently observed a near fatal case of transfusion-transmitted infection with standard platelet concentrate. Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis was isolated both from donor, residual component container and cultures of the patient's blood. This should question the usefulness of systematic bacterial detection in platelet concentrates, however a lethal accident has occurred recently which escaped bacterial detection. This observation calls for implementation of pathogen inactivation procedures for platelets concentrates.

Because of the expected significant growth in the elderly population and respiratory diseases, the topic of "delegation of physician's duties" is of increasing importance to the German health-care system. In 2004 the German Respiratory Society (Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Pneumologie und Beatmungsmedizin e. V. (DGP)) established the new profession: respiratory therapist. A curriculum was defined which offers training for certified nurses and physiotherapists. Respiratory therapists evaluate, treat, document and care for patients with pulmonary disorders. Under appropriate supervision a licensed respiratory therapist performs some of the work previously done by physicians at the same quality of care. The first respiratory therapists have finished their professional training in Germany. Most of these respiratory therapists are now employed in hospital-based positions requiring their specific skills. Generally, the increased medical responsibility and the increased degree of decision-making possibilities associated with the new profession contribute to a better job satisfaction. However, this is not yet true for all the newly employed respiratory therapists. Only few of the new graduate respiratory therapists were awarded higher salaries. It is a strongly recommendation to the heads of medical departments and the human resources managers of hospitals that they should recognise the increased qualifications of nurses and physiotherapists who become respiratory therapists by appropriate remuneration.

Die CT ist nach neoadjuvanter Radio-Chemo-Therapie zur Charakterisierung der Tumorregression nur begrenzt einsetzbar. Daher sollte die Wertigkeit der 18F-FDG-PET als molekulares, nichtinvasives bildgebendes Verfahren analysiert werden. Bislang 32/100 Patienten mit NSCLC Stadium IIIA/IIIB wurden in einer multizentrischen, randomisierten Therapiestudie (LUCAS-MD) untersucht. Pratherapeutisch erfolgten eine 18F-FDG-PET und eine Spiral-CT. Der neoadjuvante Therapieblock bestand aus 2–3 Zyklen Paclitaxel und Carboplatin sowie einer simultanen Radio-Chemo-Therapie. Es folgte eine zweite PET direkt vor der Operation mit Bestimmung des Glukosemetabolismus fur Primartumor und Lymphknotenmetastasen sowie eine PET-CT-Bildfusion. Der am OP-Praparat bestimmte Regressionsgrad wurde mit den PET-Befunden und dem Uberleben der Patienten korreliert. In Lymphknoten von 10 Patienten mit kompletter Remission in der FDG-PET zeigte sich ein Regressionsgrad/RG III im OP-Praparat (Sensitivitat 100%). Zu 94% wiesen die 16/32 Patienten mit kompletter Remission im Primartumor RG IIb oder III auf, ein Patient RG IIa (falsch-negativ). Die Zweijahresuberlebenswahrscheinlichkeit bei kompletter Remission war nach 24 Monaten signifikant erhoht (76 vs. 20%, p=0,0079). Patienten mit RG III bzw. IIb lebten signikant langer als Patienten mit RG IIa bzw. I (63 vs. 36%, p=0,0123). Der RG korreliert mit der in der FDG-PET bestimmten metabolischen Remission. Die PET eilt metabolisch dem durch die CT bestimmten Tumoransprechen nach neoadjuvanter Behandlung deutlich voraus und ermoglicht wahrscheinlich eine prospektive Aussage uber den Langzeittherapieerfolg von Patienten mit NSCLC im Stadium III.

Respiratory therapists are healthcare professionals taking care of patients with pulmonary disorders. They are an allied health specialty, practicing under medical direction. The professionalism of nurses and therapists must grow up to act successfully in new fields of medicine, where evidence-based independent action is necessary. Specialized therapists can help us coordinate separated processes (diagnoses, therapy and nursing). The profession "Respiratory Therapist" was created in the United States 50 years ago. We intend to introduce this profession also in Germany. We follow many other countries who have already taken this step. We hope that we can reach yet a higher quality of patient care.

Iron and copper powders were co-milled in a planetary mill in order to obtain nanometric products. The mechanical characteristics of hot compacted nanocrystalline Fe–Cu alloys with various compositions have been determined based on the measurement of the longitudinal, transverse and Rayleigh wave velocities by acoustic echography and interferometry.

Introduction La resistance bacterienne represente un probleme majeur de sante publique. Beaucoup d’actions de bon usage concernent l’hopital et peu sont destinees a la ville, ou 90 % des antibiotiques sont prescrits. L’infection urinaire represente 20 % des prescriptions d’antibiotiques en ville et cette antibiotherapie devrait etre reevaluee a j3 (sauf traitements minutes). A ce jour, il n’y a pas de donnee concernant cette reevaluation. L’objectif de cette etude est d’evaluer le pourcentage de reevaluation de l’antibiotherapie dans l’infection urinaire de l’adulte en ambulatoire. Materiels et methodes Etude multicentrique, observationnelle, descriptive, transversale avec inclusion prospective consecutive des patients realisant un ECBU dans l’un des laboratoires participants. Un appel telephonique au patient et au medecin generaliste a j3–j4 a permis d’evaluer la reevaluation, la pertinence de l’antibiotherapie initiale et la conformite aux recommandations. L’objectif secondaire etait d’evaluer le taux d’ECBU realises hors recommandations (cystites simples). A ce jour, le recueil a eu lieu sur un seul groupement de laboratoire. Le recueil sur les 2 groupements restants se fera entre fevrier et avril 2017. L’etude a ete soumise a l’approbation de la CNIL, du CCTIRS et d’un CPP. Resultats A ce jour, 39 patients ont ete inclus. 4 patients sont perdus de vue. Sur les 35 patients restants, il y a eu 28 traitements de plus de 3 jours dont 18 ont ete reevalues a J3 (64,3 %). Dix-neuf ECBU ont ete prescrits hors recommandations (cystites simples) soit 54,3 %. En probabiliste, en cas de traitement de plus de 3 jours (12 cystites simples), la principale molecule prescrite est une fluoroquinolone (15/28 ECBU soit 53,6 %). En cas de reevaluation, l’antibiotherapie etait modifiee dans 33,3 % (6/18 reevaluations). Sur les 31 ECBU realises chez des femmes, 14 d’entres elles (41,2 %) ont eu une prescription de fluoroquinolone apres documentation malgre l’existence d’une alternative therapeutique. Cette etude sur 39 patients a permis d’evaluer les prescriptions de 36 medecins generalistes. Conclusion Cette etude, en vie reelle, permet d’evaluer en prospectif, les antibiotherapies prescrites par un large panel de medecins generalistes. Elle met en evidence un defaut de reevaluation de l’antibiotherapie probabiliste dans l’infection urinaire de l’adulte prise en charge en ambulatoire et confirme l’importance de mettre en place des actions de bon usage a destination de la ville. Ces resultats sont provisoires dans l’attente d’un complement de recueil.

This work evaluated thinning strategies in uneven-aged Norway spruce forest stands using a tree distance dependant growth model. The model is based on competition for light between trees demonstrated through interception of light rays by individual crowns. It was adapted to mountain settings by analyzing the effect of slope and aspect on light distribution. Growth functions were built by empirically comparing height and diameter increments with age and light availability. A maximum number of new trees set by the user was added each year and mortality, i.e. disappearance of trees not receiving enough light to survive was also included. The model is part of the CAPSIS software package which provides a user-friendly interface for silvicultural simulations. First, thinning typical of current practices in uneven-aged Norway spruce stands in the northern French Alps was simulated. This thinning appeared to be neutral in terms of wood production and beneficial but not dynamic enough in terms of stand renewal. In a second experiment, we compared group selection to individual selection in a virtual two-layered stand organized into clumps. This showed that individual selection favors the growth of the largest trees in the stand while group selection favors the growth of the smaller ones as well as regeneration. In a third simulation, we generated a strategy to convert an even-aged stand into an uneven one. Success appeared to be linked to a flexible approach alternating high and low intensity cuttings, group and individual selection.

The deformation generated by the intrinsic structure of facetted close-packed (111)Ni3Al//(010)Ni3Nb interfaces has been observed by high resolution electron microscopy. The interfaces separate Ni3Al (γ') and Ni3Nb) (δ) lamellae of a directionally solidified eutectic alloy. Three typical interfacial regions, I, II and III, have been examined. In region I a series of ten consecutive linear singularities has been analysed. Six of them, denoted A–F, have different core structures. They accommodate fully or partly the 2.1% length misfit according to the sequence denoted A–A–A–B–C–A–D–E–A–F. Of these singularities. A, B and C are dislocation ledges, whereas D and E are linked to a triple node junction involving γ',δ, and an interfacial γ' nanotwin. F limits an interfacial fault. Three types of Burgers vector content have been found (relative to the γ' lattice): (i) 90°, , for A, D E, F; (ii) 30°. , for B; and (iii) 60°, or , for C. This latter contributes to accommodating an angular misfit. Only the 9...

Three types of linear defects are observed by high-resolution electron microscopy along the InAs/GaAs(001) interface formed by molecular beam epitaxy deposition of InAs (300 nm) on a GaAs substrate: classical 90° and 60° misfit dislocations and an unusual type of linear defect that is a (110) nanofacet extended over ∼1 nm and bordered by a 60° dislocation (1/2)[101]. Extensive numerical simulations show that the total Burgers vector content of the defect, which includes the contributions of the 60° dislocation and that of a dislocation distribution along the nanofacet, is very close to (1/12)[605] or (1/12)[065], according to the sense of the screw component. A comparison between the experimental and calculated elastic displacement fields has been undertaken from image contrast simulations and the theory of dislocation distribution.

Epitaxial systems with semicoherent heterointerfaces contain sometimes complex biperiodic networks of misfit dislocations (MDs). Analytical solutions for the elastic fields of threefold symmetry structures can in fact be derived in the form of Fourier series, in which explicit constants takes account of the detailed geometry of the MD pattern. In principle, any complex planar pattern can be treated. The material is considered as elastically heterogeneous, each medium having its own isotropic elastic constants. As an application of the theory, the In As GaAs(111)A system is treated in detail as observed by Yamaguchi et al. (1997. Phys. Rev. B, 55, 1337), for which the InAs epitaxial layer has a thickness of 1.3nm. The dislocation network consists of edge MDs arranged in a regular hexagonal-based pattern, each alternate node being dissociated into a faulted triangle. Three different networks can be produced according to the dissociation extent: a honeycomb network (no dissociation) formed by MDs wi...

A (Ni, Co)-based two-phase superalloy has been plastically deformed at room temperature, producing various dislocation and stacking-fault configurations in the f.c.c. matrix. The structures of some dislocation cores were observed at atomic scale using high-resolution electron microscopy, namely a (b = ⅓〈110〉 stair-rod and (b = ⅙〈112〉 Shockley partials at the intersections of crossing intrinsic or extrinsic faults. The displacement fields of the surrounding atomic columns are found to be in good agreement with the fields calculated using anisotropic elasticity theory, except quite close to the cores of the dislocations.

The elastic energy per unit surface associated to a non-regular hexagonal network of misfit dislocations lying along a planar interface is expressed analytically for any two anisotropic crystals. The present expression generalizes recent results only valid for a regular hexagonal network formed by dislocations of the same kind of Burgers vectors. It takes into account the specific cut radius associated to each dislocation segment. A numerical application is presented for dislocation network observed at the Cu/Fe interface. L'energie elastique par unite de surface associee a un reseau hexagonal non regulier de dislocations de desaccord, place de long d'une interface plane, est exprimee en tenant compte de l'elasticite anisotrope des deux cristaux. L'expression proposee generalise des resultats recents applicables seulement pour un reseau hexagonal regulier forme par des dislocations ayant des vecteurs de Burgers de měme type. Elle prend en compte le rayon de coupure propre a chaque segment de dislocation. Une application numerique est presentee pour un reseau de dislocations observe le long de l'interface Cu/Fe.

A low angle tilt boundary separating two thin Al 2 Cu (C16) lamellae of the Al-Al 2 Cu eutectic grown by directional solidification has been observed by high resolution electron microscopy (HREM). The dislocations run parallel to a direction. Two kinds of defects are observed: (i) isolated mixed dislocations with Burgers vectors b= or 1/2 , (ii) a group of three close and strongly interactive mixed dislocations. It is shown that anisotropic elasticity only is able to predict the observed positions of the dislocation cores.

Therapy and course of pulmonary manifestations of carcinosarcomas in three patients are described. For this rare mixed tumor there is a prevalence among men between the ages of forty and seventy. Operative therapy should be employed whenever possible, because of the poor results achieved thus far using radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Carcinosarcomas were thought to have a worse prognosis than other non-small-cell bronchial carcinomas but an increasing number of reports indicate a similar clinical course and prognosis. Pneumonectomy was required for two of our patients and lobectomy was performed in the third. The period of observation extended over two years. One patient, tumor stage T4N0M0 died of his disease after seven months. The two other patients, tumor stages T3N0M0 and T2N1M0, were operated on thirty-three and thirty-five months ago respectively and are clinically disease-free and in good health.

Stair-rod-dislocation-like defects (SRD-like), lying in plastically deformed L12 γ′ precipitates of the CMSX-2 two-phase superalloy, have been observed in transmission electron microscopy using the two-beam technique. For one of these defects a comparison between experimental bright-field images and computed images proves that the defect cannot be a SRD with a Burgers vector 1/3[0 2 0] located at the common edge of two superlattice extrinsic stacking faults, as first expected from an inspection of a fringes. From computed images, it is shown that the total elastic field of the defect is close to that of a dislocation with a Burgers vector 1/3[0 1 0].

Change the World Without Taking Power is an extraordinary book. It's a ship that weighs anchor in search of the contemporary meaning of the revolution; that clearly perceives the reefs confronting its adventure and, notwithstanding its uncertain end, advances convinced of its arrival in port. Our critique can only be, then, an internal one--in both the standard sense of the word, and in the more intimate sense that, in these pages, we'll be travelling together. John Holloway is right in supposing that the starting point of a revolutionary critique is negativity: the rejection of our daily experience of the relations of exploitation and domination inherent in capitalist society. This starting point restores us, damaged subjects, into the core of this revolutionary critique and, at the same time, demands of us a negative dialectic--in Adorno's sense--as a dialectic of the revolution. And this starting point also restores the notion of fetishism--in the footsteps of the young Lukacs--as the key notion of the Marxist critique of capitalist society. A great deal of the best pages in Holloway's book reflects on these notions of fetishism and negativity as, for example, he outlines the contention between the traditions of Marxism as critique and Marxism as positive science; or the difference between hard fetishism and fetishisation-as-process, revealing its revolutionary thinking. This is a good point of departure. But there is no point of departure, no matter its theoretical firmness, that can guarantee us in advance that we will reach a good political port. I think that Holloway's hopeful voyage, notwithstanding his capacity to navigate, has lost its direction and could take us to an unexpected point of arrival; that is to say, to postmodern politics, i.e. versions of liberal politics, instead of to revolutionary politics. The first reef that Holloway confronts on his trip is that of class reductionism. Holloway seeks to resolve the important political problem of class antagonism by avoiding reducing the diverse social subjects into one--i.e. the working class--and, at the same time, by diluting them into a multiplicity of the so-called social movements. His manoeuvre consists, then, of redirecting those subjects and struggles into a common, binary antagonism, between power-to and power-over, which fractures the social flow of doing in capitalism. This manoeuvre is virtuous for many reasons. One of them refers to praxis--unsuccessfully. Whereas his argument seeks to specify the nature of the antagonism between power-to and power-over, it cannot distinguish it from the antagonism between labour and capital, nor derive from this antagonism the multiplicity of social subjects and struggles. How to derive patriarchy, for example, from an antagonism between power-over and power-to, which cannot be discerned from the antagonism between capital and labour? Do the capitalist market and the state exercise their power through the identification of the working class as a class, or through the atomisation of this class identity into an aggregate of citizens and sellers of their labour power? The manoeuvre leads, then, to an undifferentiated aggregate of social subjects and struggles, with non-identity as a criterion for aggregation. Holloway associates these subjects and struggles with workers and class struggle in a broader sense, certainly, but his own suppression of any criterion justifying this association, malgre lui-meme, spreads fertilizer on the populism of postmodern politics. …

Firstly, the elastic displacement and stress fields of an edge dislocation located at the corner of a dihedral interface separating two media + and - are discussed using isotropic elasticity. A fully analytical solution is derived and particular examples are calculated for the shear stress field when the ratio of both shear moduli μ+/μ− is 2 and 1/2, and the dihedral angle is 60°. Secondly, an example which illustrates the shear stress field of a dihedral edge dislocation at the corner of two {112}facets of a twin boundary in gold is presented using anisotropic elasticity. Dans une premiere partie, les champs des contraintes et des deplacements elastiques d'une dislocation coin situee sur I'arâte d'une interface diedre separant deux milieux + et - sont discutes dans le cadre de l'elasticite isotrope. Une solution completement analytique est obtenue et des exemples particuliers sont traites pour le champ des cissions lorsque le rapport des modules de cisaillement μ+/μ− est 2 et 112 et l'angfe dibdre egal a 60°. Dans une seconde partie, un exemple, qui illustre le champ des cissions d'une dislocation coin diedre & l'ange form6 par deux facettes (112) d'un joint de macle dans l'or, est presentee dans le cadre de l'klasticite anisotrope.