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2,4 disubstitiuted furan derivatives (8Aâ8M) were prepared from furan-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (1). Antibacterial activity of new 2,4 di substituted furan derivatives was studied against Gram (+) and Gram (â) bacteria. 8F, 8E, 8D and 8J were found to be effective against Gram (â) bacteria whereas, 8A and 8L were effective against Gram (+) bacteria. Least MIC value was found as 100 µg/ml against Escherichia coli (for 8D and 8F), and Proteus vulgaris (for 8E and 8F). Antibacterial activity is correlated with different substituents. Products exhibited better antibacterial activities especially towards Streptococcus pyogenes, Proteus vulgaris, and Escherichia coli. Keywords: Pathogens, Antibacterial activity, Structure-activity relationship, Disubstitiuted furans, Synthesis

Rifampicin PLGA nanospheres are formulated with a specific goal in order to decrease the dose, adverse effects and to enhance targeted drug delivery. Rifampicin nanospheres were prepared and evaluated by emulsion solvent evaporation method. In vivo bio distribution studies reveal that there was a long term accumulation of rifampicin nanospheres in the lungs over other organs. The increase in Cmax values confirmed that inhalable PLGA nanospheres are suitable for targeting and providing sustained release of antitubercular drugs to lungs. So inhalation is a selected administration route of Rifampicin PLGA nanospheres. The in vivo screening of M. tuberculosis showed good activity as well as its activity against multidrug-resistant M. tuberculosis and against M. tuberculosis isolates in a potentially latent state, makes Rifampicin PLGA nanospheres as an attractive drug dosage form for the therapy of tuberculosis. It can be concluded that there is a significant potential for effective oral delivery as well as nasal delivery of the Nanospheres for the treatment of tuberculosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]