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Radiofrequency (RF) is a tissue destruction technique that consists of the application of an electromagnetic current through a specific probe directly on the tissues. The only currently validated indication in gastroenterology is the treatment of endobrachyoesophagus. In proctology, several indications are currently being evaluated, notably in the treatment of hemorrhoidal pathology. For internal hemorrhoidal pathology, the current era is looking for minimally invasive techniques as an alternative to the Milligan and Morgan technique. RF is one of the most recent techniques being evaluated and consists of applying an RF current to the internal hemorrhoidal tissue to induce its involution. The procedure is performed on an outpatient basis and allows, on average, a return to work within three days. Post-operative pain is of low intensity since two thirds of the patients will not need painkillers of level II. Studies have shown that it allows an improvement in symptoms in more than 60% of cases with a high satisfaction rate. Complications concern only 17% of patients and are mostly treated as outpatients. To date, however, there are no published randomized studies comparing RF to any other technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma represents 15% of primary liver tumors, second only to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Its incidence in France is increasing. The standard treatment for the localized form is surgical resection followed by adjuvant chemotherapy. In case of liver-limited disease, the use of percutaneous locoregional treatments (thermoablation or external beam radiation therapy) or intra-arterial (in particular selective internal radiation therapy) has been evaluated with promising results as an alternative to surgery in inoperable patients and/or for unresectable tumors. Their use in routine practice can be proposed but with a low level of evidence and precise strategies remain to be defined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Radiofrequency (RF) consists on the application of an electromagnetic power through a specific probe on the tissues. The only current validated indication in gastroenterology is the treatment of endobrachyœsophagus. In proctology, several indications are being evaluated. For internal hemorrhoids, RF is a minimally invasive technique. Studies have demonstrated that it permits symptomatic improvement in more than 60 % of cases with high-satisfaction and low-morbidity rates. For anal fistulas, RF is a sphincter sparing treatment. However, the rate of failure or recurrence seems to be higher than 65 %. For high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia of anus, RF could be promising with a low recurrence rate and a good tolerance. For anal incontinence, results of RF are mixed, with a decrease in incontinence scores but no significant clinical efficacy. Moreover, the effect of the treatment does not last in a long period of time, which lead to the disapprouval of this technique in this indication. For chronic hemorrhagic proctitis, results are encouraging with a decrease in bleeding and transfusions after one to two sessions of RF. To conclude, RF is at the beginning of its development in proctology and literature is still poor, but the initial results prove to be interesting in some indications. Further studies, especially comparative ones, will be necessary to better understand the results and to specify the place of RF in the therapeutic arsenal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lors de la dernière décennie, de nouveaux dispositifs de thérapie vaginale non invasive ont fait leur apparition et ont ensuite pris un essor important en dermatologie et en médecine esthétique et elles commencent à s'appliquer en urologie et en gynécologie dans le cadre de la pelvi-périnéologie. Il s'agit des techniques utilisant la radiofréquence, le laser ou la photothérapie (photobiomodulation). Différentes applications se dessinent et sont en cours d'évaluation (hyperactivité vésicale dans le cadre du syndrome génito-urinaire de la ménopause (SGUM), incontinence urinaire à l'effort, béance vaginale). Revue exhaustive de la littérature en utilisant les mots-clés : laser ; vagina ; radiofrequency ; Low Level Laser Therapy, urinary incontinence ; pelvic organ prolapse. Nous avons étudié la méthodologie et les résultats des études comparatives (avec groupe contrôle et les essais randomisés). Le laser et la radiofréquence appliqués au vagin semblent améliorer l'hyperactivité vésicale de certaines patientes présentant un syndrome génito-urinaire de la ménopause. Le laser CO2 semble plus efficace que la procédure simulée pour traiter à court terme les symptômes d'incontinence urinaire à l'effort et l'atrophie vaginale. Un essai randomisé a observé que le laser Er. semblait inefficace dans le traitement du prolapsus. Un essai randomisé a montré une efficacité significative de la radiofréquence vaginale dans les symptômes de béance vaginale. Ces nouvelles énergies appliquées à la pelvi-périnéologie pourraient permettre de prendre en charge de façon non invasive certaines patientes souffrant de diverses pathologies (vulvodynies, incontinence urinaire à l'effort, hyperactivité vésicale, SGUM, béance vaginale, etc). Toutefois, nous sommes dans l'attente de résultats d'essais randomisés de plus grande ampleur et à long terme. Jusqu'à présent, très peu de complications ont été rapportées avec ces techniques. During the last decade, new devices for non-invasive vaginal therapy have appeared and have then taken a significant step forward in dermatology and aesthetic medicine and they are beginning to be applied in urology and gynecology in the context of pelvic floor dysfunctions. These are techniques using radiofrequency, laser or phototherapy (photobiomodulation). Different applications are emerging and have being evaluated (overactive bladder in the context of genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM), stress urinary incontinence, vaginal hyperlaxity). Exhaustive review of the literature using the keywords: laser; vagina; radiofrequency; Low Level Laser Therapy, urinary incontinence; pelvic organ prolapse. We investigated the methodology and results of comparative studies (with control group and randomized trials). Laser and radiofrequency applied to the vagina appeared to improve overactive bladder in some patients with SGM. The vaginal CO2 laser appeared to be more effective than the shamed procedure in treating short-term symptoms of stress urinary incontinence and vaginal atrophy. A randomized trial observed that the Er. laser appeared to be ineffective in treating prolapse. A randomized trial has shown a significant efficacy of vaginal radiofrequency in the symptoms of vaginal hyperlaxity. These new energies applied to vagina for pelvi-perineology permits to manage without surgery, some patients suffering from various pathologies (vulvodynia, urinary stress incontinence, overactive bladder, GSM, vaginal open bite, etc.). However, we are awaiting results from larger, longer-term randomized trials. So far, very few complications have been reported with these techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé: Des campagnes nationales de mesure de champs électromagnétiques ont été réalisées dans les établissements scolaires et médico-sociaux en France métropolitaine entre 2014 et 2019. Elles visaient à évaluer l'exposition aux champs électromagnétiques dans les établissements accueillant des populations sensibles, mettre en perspective les niveaux mesurés par rapport aux valeurs limites réglementaires et identifier les déterminants des niveaux intérieurs de champs électromagnétiques. Les niveaux de champs électromagnétiques sont significativement différents dans les établissements scolaires : ils sont plus faibles dans les écoles, intermédiaires dans les collèges et plus élevés dans les lycées, avec des médianes respectivement égales à 0,16 V/m, 0,30 V/m et 0,41 V/m. Les niveaux sont comparables dans les hôpitaux et les établissements d'hébergement pour personnes âgées, où un niveau médian de 0,31 V/m est observé. Dans l'ensemble des établissements, les valeurs mesurées sont très inférieures aux valeurs limites réglementaires. Les mesures identifient davantage de sources de champs électromagnétiques en milieu urbain qu'en milieu rural. La téléphonie mobile est le contributeur principal de l'exposition mesurée dans les établissements. Les déterminants des niveaux intérieurs de champs électromagnétiques ont été recherchés à partir d'informations descriptives de l'environnement des établissements. La présence d'antennes repérées visuellement depuis l'établissement et le nombre d'installations radioélectriques à proximité de l'établissement sont les principaux facteurs influençant les niveaux de champs électromagnétiques dans les établissements scolaires et médico-sociaux. Nationwide surveys to assess electromagnetic fields (EMF) in schools, hospitals and senior citizens' homes were carried out in mainland France between 2014 and 2019. We aimed to assess the exposure levels to EMF in buildings hosting vulnerable populations, to compare these measurements to regulatory limit values, and to identify the determinants of indoor levels. Levels of EMF varied significantly in different types of educational facilities: they were lower in nursery and elementary schools, intermediate in middle schools and higher in high schools with medians of 0.16 V/m, 0.30 V/m and 0.41 V/m, respectively. They were similar in hospitals and residences for senior citizens, where the same median level of 0.31 V/m was observed. In all the buildings, the measured levels were below the French regulatory limit values. More sources of EMF were identified in buildings located in urban areas than in rural ones. Mobile phones were the main contributors to the measured levels. The determinants of the indoor levels of EMF were studied from the data describing the building and its outdoor environment. The presence of radio antennas seen from the building and the number of broadcasting facilities near the building were the main factors influencing the electromagnetic field levels in schools, healthcare facilities, and nursing homes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La radiothérapie en conditions stéréotaxiques est un changement fondamental par rapport à la radiothérapie classique fractionnée et représente une nouvelle indication thérapeutique. Elle est maintenant un traitement reconnu pour les patients inopérables ou qui refusent la chirurgie dans de nombreuses localisations. Les résultats sont encourageants avec des taux de contrôle local et de survie parfois très élevés dans des populations sélectionnées ; les taux de toxicité tardive restant acceptables. Sa bonne tolérance la rend indiquée même pour des patients âgés et fragiles. Chez ces patients fragiles ou dans certaines situations cliniques spécifiques, différentes attitudes, chirurgicale, radiothérapique ou radiologique interventionnelle, peuvent être discutées au cas par cas. Ces situations sont envisagées dans cet article pour les localisations pulmonaire, hépatique et prostatique. Stereotactic radiotherapy is a fundamental change from the conventional fractionated radiotherapy and represents a new therapeutic indication. Stereotactic radiotherapy is now a standard of care for inoperable patients or patients who refuse surgery. The results are encouraging with local control and survival rates very high in selected populations. The rate of late toxicity remains acceptable. Good tolerability makes it appropriate even for elderly and frail patients. In these fragile patients or in certain specific clinical situations, different surgical, radiotherapy or interventional radiology attitudes can be discussed on a case-by-case basis. These situations are considered in this article for the pulmonary, hepatic and prostatic localizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Résumé: Après résection endoscopique d'un cancer superficiel au sein d'un œsophage de Barrett, l'éradication de la métaplasie intestinale résiduelle est indiquée pour limiter le risque de néoplasie métachrone. Compte tenu des forts taux de sténose observés après résection endoscopique étendue, les techniques ablatives endoscopiques sont recommandées. Elles incluent l'ablation par radiofréquence, la coagulation au plasma argon, et la cryoablation. Leurs autres indications sont l'œsophage de Barrett en dysplasie de haut grade sans lésion visible, et depuis peu certains patients ayant un œsophage de Barrett en dysplasie de bas grade considéré à haut risque de progression néoplasique. Les résultats sont excellents, avec 90 % à 92 % de taux d'éradication de la métaplasie intestinale, mais des données de suivi à long terme suggèrent environ 8 % de taux de récidive annuelle, le plus souvent sous la forme de métaplasie intestinale du cardia non dysplasique. Ces techniques ont un excellent profil de tolérance, avec autour de 8 % de sténoses et pas de morbidité précoce en dehors de douleurs thoraciques. Cependant, outre leur coût élevé qui restreint leur utilisation, leurs limites sont la constitution de glandes métaplasiques enfouies après traitement atteignant selon les techniques jusqu'à 20 % des patients. De plus, l'analyse histologique du tissu traité n'est pas possible, imposant un examen préalable attentif afin de ne pas méconnaître une lésion visible qui imposerait une résection endoscopique première. Si la radiofréquence reste le dispositif le plus largement étudié dans la littérature, et le plus adapté à l'ablation de longs segments circonférentiels d'œsophage de Barrett, les données concernant le nouveau dispositif de coagulation au plasma argon après injection sous-muqueuse (Hybrid APC) et la cryoablation sont encourageantes, faisant de ces techniques des alternatives pertinentes à la radiofréquence. After the endoscopic resection of an early neoplasia arising in Barrett's esophagus, eradication of intestinal metaplasia is recommended to prevent metachronous recurrence of esophageal neoplasia. Given the high stricture rates after extensive endoscopic resection for Barrett's esophagus, endoscopic ablative techniques are currently recommended. They include radiofrequency ablation, argon plasma coagulation, and cryoablation. The other indications for ablation are flat, high grade dysplasia, and more recently, low grade dysplastic Barrett's esophagus in selected patients with a high risk of neoplastic progression. The outcomes are good, with 90-92% eradication rates of intestinal metaplasia, but long-term follow-up data report 8% annual recurrence rate of intestinal metaplasia at the gastroesophageal junction, most of the time non dysplastic. Ablative techniques have an excellent safety profile, with virtually no early morbidity except from chest pain, and about 8% strictures. However, their use is limited by their high cost, the occurrence of buried metaplasia in up to 20% of patients, and the absence of histological assessment of the treated mucosa, requiring a minute endoscopic examination to rule out any visible lesion that would indicate endoscopic resection. Radiofrequency ablation is the most widely studied ablation technique, and currently the best to treat circumferential Barrett's esophagus. However, data on a new argon plasma coagulation device allowing for submucosal injection (Hybrid APC) and cryoablation are encouraging and make of these techniques acceptable alternatives to radiofrequency ablation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The modern treatment of varicose veins of the lower limbs is performed either by tumescent endovenous thermal techniques (laser, radiofrequency, steak) or by techniques called nonthermal non-tumescent (foam ecosclerosis, glue cyanoacrylate, ClariVein®, Phlebogriffe®). Ultrasound guided foam sclerotherapy, become daily practice, is validated in the international recommendations in second intention after the endothermic methods but before the surgery. Furthermore, ultrasound guided foam sclerotherapy is recommended in first intention for the treatment of recurrent varicose vein. As for the other non-thermal non-tumescent methods, despite a confidential use, their first good results in the short term should not make us neglect them and represent an interesting alternative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hypertrophie scar continues to be one of the leading reasons for surgical and non-surgical treatments after burn healing. Facial post-burn hypertrophic scars can cause severe functional and emotional disability, as they are usually difficult to conceal. Numerous nonsurgical and surgical therapies have been used for the treatment of hypertrophic scars. This study describes the combination of bipolar radiofrequency, intense pulsed light and cooling (given the collective term 'E-light'), and reports the outcomes of its use in the treatment of post-burn facial hypertrophic scars in a series of sixty-five patients in the pediatric age group. There were no reports in the literature of the use of this modality (E-light) in the treatment of facial post-burn hypertrophic scars in pediatric patients. Results showed that the mean decrease in total VSS score for all patients was 5.8. Regarding the satisfaction of the parents of our patients, 66.15% rated the result excellent, 24.61% rated it good and 9.23% rated it fair. We received no poor ratings for the final result, with a significant reduction in total Vancouver scar scale after treatment (P-value = 0.000). The E-light therapy technique studied in this work is effective, safe and economical if compared to other treatment modalities that can be used in the management of facial post-burn hypertrophic scars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

About one third of the French population is affected by varicose vein disease. Managing it is a major public health issue. The methods of treating varicose veins have been constantly evolving over the past twenty years, leaving a prominent place today for endovenous techniques, with conventional surgery being gradually abandoned. Among the most widespread endovenous techniques are echosclerotherapy for so-called nonthermal techniques, laser and radio frequency for thermal techniques. These are all outpatient treatments and generally do not require medical leaves. Resumption of normal activity is very fast unlike surgery and the results in the medium and long terms are very satisfactory. The aim of this first part will be to elaborate on the thermal endovenous techniques for which laser and radio frequency remain the most prevalent. Finally, a literature review will provide an overview of these techniques in relation to other endovenous and surgical techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most common hepatic cancer and the frequency of its incidence is increasing. It develops from liver cirrhosis in 90% of the cases. Curative treatment is possible in cases of limited hepatic extension and absence of metastasis. Liver transplantation treats both the cancer and the underlying cirrhotic liver. However, the scarcity of liver transplants makes it necessary to select liver transplant candidates. Liver resection and radioablation are curative treatments that can be considered during the time on the waiting list for transplants. Liver resection is the treatment of choice for the minority of patients who developed hepatocellular carcinoma without an underlying pathologic liver. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Venous leg symptoms are frequent, but their relevance is frequently underestim ated. With the introduction of effective, m inim al-invasive endovenous treatm ent m odalities the treatm ent of varicose veins has recently made major advances. The basis of every treatm ent decision is a com petent anamnesis, clinical investigation and duplex scan. O utpatient varicose vein treatm ent using endovenous methods has been proofed to be at least as effective as traditional varicose vein surgery but is associated with fewer adverse events. Accordingly, the endovenous methods are exspected to replace surgery as goldstandard treatm ent and endovenous therm al vein ablation (Laser/Radiofrequency) is accepted by the Swiss Federal Office of Public Health for general reim bursm ent since 1 st january 2016. All currently available methods have their advantages and lim itations, the individual selection based on the present symptoms, anatomic findings and patients' preferences is fundam ental for an optim al treatm ent result and maximized patient satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interventional radiology plays an increasing role in the management of soft tissue tumors. For initial diagnosis, precise and safe image-guided biopsies; soft tissue tumor biopsies must be performed in accordance with international guidelines. Then, in a therapeutic phase, interventional radiology, particularly with thermal ablation techniques (radiofrequency, cryoablation), can be proposed for specific indications like salvage treatment of recurrent tumor after surgery and radiotherapy, focal ablation for oligometastatic sarcomas, or treatment of benign locally aggressive tumors such as symptomatic hemangiomas or desmoid tumors. A multidisciplinary approach remains mandatory to achieve optimal patient selection for interventional radiology techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ablation by radiofrequency (RFA) is a novel technique with a great variety of methods whose efficacy and predictive factors have not been completely studied. Some of the main predictive factors in this type of treatment are analyzed in the present study. Patients and methods: ninety-three patients with hepatocellular carcinoma over cirrhosis, and with no indication for surgical resection were treated by RFA. Two different types of electrodes were used for RFA (refrigerated-"Cool-Tip" and perfusion with saline solution, the approach was percutaneous, by laparoscopy or laparotomy. Results: overall survival at 1, 2 and 3 years was 88, 81, and 76%, with a free-disease survival (FDS) of 66, 31 and 17%, respectively. For tumors less than 3 cm, FDS at 1,2 and 3 years was 74, 44 and 30%, while for more than 3 cm in size FDS was 55, 12 and 0% (p = 0.02). FDS for HCC with one nodule was 70, 36 and 22%, and for more than one nodule it decreased to 50, 17 and 0% at 1, 2 and 3 years, respectively (p = 0.07). Surprisingly, the method employed for RFA has a main influence in FDS, with 0% at 3 years for perfusion electrodes and 26% for cool-tip electrodes at the same period. Conclusions: in this series, overall survival at three years was relatively high; however, tumoral size, number of nodules and RFS method were independent variables associated with disease-free survival.Objetivo: la ablación por radiofrecuencia del hepatocarcinoma (ARF) es una técnica de reciente adquisición, cuya eficacia y factores predictivos no han sido suficientemente evaluados. El presente estudio fue diseñado para este análisis. Pacientes y métodos: se han tratado 93 pacientes con hepatocarcinoma sobre hígado cirrótico sin criterios de resección ni de trasplante hepático. El tratamiento se realizó mediante abordaje percutáneo, laparoscópico o mediante laparotomía con dos tipos de electrodos de radiofrecuencia, electrodo refrigerado y de perfusión respectivamente. Resultados: la supervivencia global a los 1, 2 y 3 años fue del 88, 81 y 76%, con una supervivencia-libre de enfermedad (SLE) de 66, 31 y 17% respectivamente. El análisis multivariante demostró tres variables predictivas independientes: tamaño tumoral (< 3 cm frente > 3 cm; SLE a 1,2 y 3 años de 74, 44 y 30%, frente a 55, 12 y 0%; HR= 2,02; IC 95% 1,10-3,70; p = 0,02), número de nódulos (uno frente a más de uno; SLE a 1,2 y 3 años de 70, 36 y 22, frente a 50, 17 y 0%; HR= 1,92 IC 95% 0,95-3,93; p = 0,07) y tipo de electrodo (refrigerado frente a perfusión; SLE 80, 43 y 26% a 1, 2 y 3 años frente a 49, 12 y 0%; HR = 2,06; IC 95% 1,12-3,79; p = 0,02). Conclusiones: a pesar de que la ARF proporciona una supervivencia global aceptable, la SLE es notablemente inferior. El tamaño del tumor, el número de nódulos y el tipo de electrodo de ARF fueron variables independientes asociadas a la SLE.

Interventional radiology takes a large place in the treatment of bone metastases by percutaneous or endovascular techniques. Vertebroplasty appears actually as the most important technique for stabilisation of spine metastases as it induces satisfactory stabilisation of the vertebra and offer clear improvement of the quality of life. Due to the success of this technique, cementoplasty of other bones, mainly pelvic girdle, largely develops. Hypertermia, due to the polymerisation of cement, induces carcinolytic effect, but this effect is not as important as that can be created with radiofrequency destruction. This last technique appears actually as the most important development to destroy definitively some bone metastases and replace alcoholic destruction of such lesions. Angiographic techniques appear more confidential but endovascular embolization is very useful to diminish haemorrhagic incident during surgery. Chemoembolization is actually developed to associate the relief of pain induced by endovascular embolization and the carcinolytic effect obtained by local endovascular chemotherapy. All these techniques should take a large place in the treatment of bone metastases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Colon & Rectum is the property of Lavoisier and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Andrologie (11662654) is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract: Radiofrequency is a thermal ablative technique that is most often used percuteanously under image guidance. Thermal damage is obtained through frictional heating of a high frequency current. The maximal volume of destruction obtained in one radiofrequency delivery is around 4cm and consequently, best indication for treatment are tumours below 3cm. When compared, radiofrequency and surgical removal for tumours below 25mm in diameter demonstrated a rate of incomplete resection/ablation of 6% and 7.3% respectively. Median survival after the first radiofrequency of a liver metastasis of CRC is reported to be 24 to 52 months with a 5 years overall survival of 18 to 44%. The median overall survival increases from 22 to 48 months depending on the use of radiofrequency ablation as rescue treatment after failure of others, or as a first line treatment. For patients with a single tumour, less than 4cm, the survival rates at 1, 3, and 5 years are respectively 97%, 84% and 40%, with a median survival of 50 months. Follow-up imaging requires to use contrast-enhanced CT or MRI, looking for local recurrences evidenced by local foci of enhancement at the periphery of the ablation zone. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

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Primarymalignant tumor of the liver, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) occurs almost always with an underlying chronic liver disease, commonly but not necessarily at cirrhosis stage. In developed countries, chronic hepatitis C and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease frequently associated with metabolic syndrome are the major risk factors for HCC, thus explaining its increasing incidence in the recent years. Liver transplantation, liver resection and radiofrequency ablation are the three potentially curative therapeutic possibilities available for the treatment of HCC. The choice of treatment depends on the following factors: a nontumorous liver, age, comorbidities of the patient, and size and number of the lesions. Liver transplantation (LT) appears to be the best theoretical treatment for removing all lesions with optimal margins and treating the underlying liver disease at the same time. However, graft shortage and stringent selection criteria for oncological reasons hamper its use in all patients. More than 10 years after their adoption by the transplant community, Milan criteria remain the corner stone of the indications of LT for HCC. Liver resection (LR) is an alternative option, particularly to treat HCC without cirrhosis or as a bridging therapy to LT. However, its significant operative risk and high rate of recurrence need to be considered before treatment. Radiofrequency ablation helps in the treatment of early-stage HCC with lower morbidity than LR, but its efficiency is impaired by the size of the lesion. Although LT offers the best chance for cure it is not suitable for all patients, and indications of treatment is still a matter of debate. Recent advances in molecular biology of the tumor and non-tumorous liver should help to better assess prognosis and thus to refine indications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Two cases of osteoid osteomas of the lunate and ulnar styloid process are described, treated by thermocoagulation. Follow-up was done clinically and by computed tomography (scanner) at one year, and clinically at three years. A quick and complete resolution of pain occurred in both cases, with bony sclerosis around the treated lesion on computed tomography, with no evidence of recurrence. A mild reduction in grip strength without functional impairment was noted in both cases, possibly due to a stronger controlateral dominant hand, and to a previous failed surgical excision in one case. No damage to neurovascular, musculotendinous or cutaneous structures occurred. Thermocoagulation of osteoid osteomas seems to be an efficient and safe technique even in critical and superficial anatomical regions such as the wrist. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Several radiological techniques have been used for treating hepatocellular carcinoma. These include transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) and percutaneous therapy, such as radiofrequency (RF). The treatment efficacy of radiofrequency for hepatocellular carcinoma has been confirmed by several randomized and non randomized studies, with a benefit in terms of morbidity comparatively to surgery when cirrhosis is present. Radiofrequency ablation treatment is based on tumour size, shape and location, with a defined strategy and a proper patient selection. We will also review indications and technical aspects of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE). It is an accepted worldwide and effective treatment for patients with unresectable large or multinodular hepatocellular carcinoma. It improves significantly survival for adequate selected patients with preservation of liver function. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The published results available in 2005 were insufficient to draw firm conclusions concerning the possible non-thermal effects of radiofrequency fields on the blood-brain barrier (BBB). This critical review deals with 16 articles on this topic published since 2005. The methodological quality of these articles was not equivalent. We therefore analysed the underlying methodologies from both their biological and physical aspects. We conclude that recent studies provide no convincing proof of deleterious effects of RF on the integrity of the BBB, for specific absorption rates (SAR) up to 6 W/kg. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: We investigated the effect of a 1800 MHz radiofrequency GSM signal combined with a known chemical mutagen (4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide: 4NQO) on human THP1 cells. Comet and γ-H2AX assays were used to assess DNA damage. No heating of the cell cultures was noted during exposure (2 h). The exposure of cells to electromagnetic fields with SARs of 2 to 16 W/kg did not increase the DNA damage induced by 4NQO, whereas the number of DNA strand breaks increased with a temperature increase of at least 4 °C. In conclusion, no co-genotoxic effect of radiofrequency was found at levels of exposure that did not induce heating. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Most of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cannot benefit from surgical therapies. Among nonsurgical options, only radiofrequency can challenge surgery for small size tumours. Conformal radiotherapy is likely highly efficient on solitary tumours, but controlled studies are warranted to conclude. Other options are purely palliative. Transarterial hepatic chemoembolization is the goal-standard for multifocal hepatocellular carcinoma and sorafenib for hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein invasion, leading to modest but significant benefit on survival rates. Yttrium-90 radioembolization is under evaluation through controlled studies, and could be of major interest for multifocal hepatocellular carcinoma with or without portal venous invasion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of African Journal of Cancer / Journal Africain du Cancer is the property of Lavoisier and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

L’ablation tumorale percutanée consiste à détruire une tumeur par des modifications de température. Ce que permettent ces techniques peu invasives c’est de traiter des tumeurs tout en épargnant le parenchyme non tumoral. C’est un atout essentiel pour la prise en charge de tumeurs primitives (hépatocarcinome, carcinomes bronchiques et rénaux) chez des patients fragiles, cirrhotiques, insuffisants respiratoires ou rénaux. Les métastases hépatiques des cancers colorectaux sont aussi traitées de cette façon. Il est admis qu’en réséquant les métastases, la chirurgie prolonge nettement la survie et guérit certains patients. La radiofréquence a permis d’élargir les propositions thérapeutiques. Traiter localement des métastases est donc un enjeu pour ces patients, appliqué à d’autres sites comme les métastases pulmonaires. Enfin, ces techniques d’ablation sont utilisées dans le traitement antalgique des métastases osseuses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal Africain D'Hépato-Gastroentérologie is the property of Lavoisier and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Local procedures are used for the supporting care of bones metastases. These procedures can be applied separately, combined one to another or in combination with other conventional treatments. Indications of these techniques must be discussed within a multidisciplinary working team, which should include the interventional practitioners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal Africain D'Hépato-Gastroentérologie is the property of Lavoisier and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Résumé: L''ostéome ostéoïde a une localisation intra-articulaire dans 10–13% des cas. La clinique et les images radiologiques, souvent atypiques, rendent son diagnostic ardu. Le risque de traitement inadéquat est important. Jusqu''à 40% d''arthroscopies inappropriées ont été rapportés. Les auteurs décrivent un cas d''ostéome ostéoïde intra-articulaire du genou, situé sur le tibia. Une lésion méniscale, puis une ostéochondrite ont été initialement suspectées. Une fois le diagnostic posé, la prise en charge doit éviter tout dégât cartilagineux. La thermoablation par radiofréquence représente la technique de choix. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Radiofrequency ablation was initially used for treatment of liver primary and metastatic disease. Recently the technique has been used for treatment of kidney, bone, lung, and mammary neoplasms. Radiofrequency electrode is positioned in the target tumor under imaging guidance. For lung or bone tumors, computed tomography is the only method of guidance. Radiofrequency ablation of lung tumor is performed in order to cure the disease and consequently pre-imaging work-up must be equivalent t pre-surgical work-up. Today lung radiofrequency ablation is mostly performed in patients bearing less than 5 tumors and tumors smaller than 4 cm. In such a population of patients radiofrequency ablation has demonstrated a local efficacy of 92% at 9 months, with 95% and 87% for tumor smaller and larger than 2 cm, respectively. Survival benefit still remains unclear. Bone tumors are mostly treat for pain palliation. In a population of 45 patients with a minimal pain of 4 on a scale from 0 to 10, radiofrequency was able to provide a drop of at least 3 points in 84% of patients. Radiofrequency provides a minimally invasive cure of small tumors. It can also be used as a palliative tool. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Surgery is often not a treatment option in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma with the numerous limitations of liver transplantation or surgical resection due to coexisting cirrhosis in the later case. Non-surgical treatments deal with 3 types of methods: local ablation with curative purpose, transarterial treatments with many technical variants and systemic treatment. Local treatments rely on chemical or thermic agents to achieve ablation of liver lesions, which not exceed initially 3 cm in diameter. The use of radiofrequency ablation allows now larger limits. Intra-arterial treatment usually combines intra-arterial chemotherapy with embolisation of hepatic artery in a procedure called chemoembolisation. Its antitumoral effect mainly due to ischemia is well documented but the influence on survival remains controversial. Finally systemic treatments have yet to be demonstrated useful: new agents and new randomised trials are still needed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Copyright of Implantodontie is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of EMC-Hepatologie is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Endovenous treatment for varicose veins of the lower extremities is an old technique. New technologies such as radiofrequency and laser have revived its indications. Thermal energy which is delivered to the vein wall results in a fibrous retraction and eventually complete obstruction of the vessel. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The possibility of curing patients suffering from paroxysmal atrial fibrillation using a radiofrequency ablation treatment is a major change in the management of this arrhythmia. Pulmonary vein disconnection is efficient and safe after a learning curve of the operator. This pulmonary vein isolation is the first and mandatory step allowing disappearance of atrial fibrillation in 70% of the patients. Modification in fibrillatory substrate using linear lesions increases the rate success to 75% in chronic atrial fibrillation and to 82% in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. The radiofrequency ablation of atrial fibrillation should be considered as a surgical treatment without an open heart, isolating structures and cutting tissues are technical improvements (new radiofrequency catheters) will probably facilitate in the future. Some comparative studies with medical treatment are currently evaluating their efficacy, safety and respective cost and they may lead to a considerable increase in the number of patients who could benefit from these curative treatments. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Copyright of Annals of Telecommunications is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Annals of Telecommunications is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Cet article présente l'ensemble des études de compatibilité électromagnétique qui ont été menées sur les terminaux de télécommunication afin que le réseau de télécommunications ne soit pas perturbé par leur introduction et que la qualité de service soit maintenue même en présence de perturbations radioélectriques extérieures. This paper presents the work being carried out in the Emc field for the new telecommunication terminals so that the french telecommunications network should not be disturbed and a good service quality could be maintained even in presence of high level radio frequency ambients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé: La thermoplastie bronchique est une technique ciblant spécifiquement le muscle lisse bronchique dans le traitement de l’asthme. Au cours d’une endoscopie, on applique une sonde de radiofréquence sur la paroi des bronches de calibre>3mm. À 65°C, on observe une disparition élective du muscle lisse bronchique, remplacé en quelques semaines par un tissu conjonctif lâche. Ceci est associé à une réduction de la réactivité bronchique, qui expliquerait les effets cliniques. Les études chez l’homme, encore peu nombreuses, montrent que la thermoplastie permet de réduire le nombre des exacerbations, d’améliorer la qualité de vie et le contrôle de l’asthme, y compris chez des asthmatiques sévères. Les complications immédiates (exacerbations d’asthme essentiellement) ne sont pas négligeables et sont plus fréquentes et plus graves chez les patients sévères. La tolérance à long terme semble bonne, sans modification parenchymateuse ou bronchique à 5ans. La place de la thermoplastie dans l’arsenal des traitements reste à déterminer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]