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Background: Epithelial ovarian cancer is increasingly often diagnosed in young females who wish to preserve their fertility. Fertilitypreserving surgeries, where conservation of the uterus and contralateral ovary was performed, might be beneficial for patients with stage I epithelial ovarian cancer, but their safety is still controversial. In the present study, we aimed to compare radical surgery and fertility-saving surgery in females with stage IA–C epithelial ovarian cancer for recurrence and survival rates, as well as to evaluate reproductive and obstetric outcomes for stage I epithelial ovarian cancer females who were managed with fertility-saving surgery. Materials and methods: We prospectively identified 60 patients aged ≤40 years who were diagnosed with stage I epithelial ovarian cancer. The patients in the fertility-preservation group underwent salpingo-oophorectomy on the side of the affected ovary in addition to incisional biopsy or wedge excision of the ovary on the other side. The patients in the radical surgery group underwent total hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. We followed up all patients for 5 years to assess their reproductive and oncological outcomes. Results: Patients in the fertility preservation surgery group were significantly younger (30 ± 4 versus 35 ± 5 years) (p < 0.001), their tumor sizes were smaller (3.4 ± 1.3 versus 6.0 ± 2.6 cm) (p < 0.001), of lower grade (p = 0.011), earlier stage (p < 0.001) and had more mucinous histology than patients in the radical surgery group. There were no statistically significant differences between both groups regarding tumor recurrence or survival rates. Of 25 patients who underwent fertility preservation surgery, 18 (72%) attempted to conceive. A total of 15/18 (83%) pregnancies were recorded, including 13 live births, 1 miscarriage, and 1 intrauterine fetal death. Conclusion: Fertility-sparing surgery could be an adequate alternative to radical surgery for young females with stage I epithelial ovarian cancer.

Cylindrically symmetric perfect fluid solutions are derived for the Levi-Civita metric. The pressure P is finite. The matter density is greater than the stresses in the material. The solutions are inside cylinders of bounded radius at which the pressure vanishes. The range of σ, for which the sources have been matched to the Levi-Civeta metric is ∞>σ>0. The solutions are regular and satisfy energy conditions

The stability of a gas jet of zero inertia (of radius R) dispersed in a liquid (i.e. hollow jet) has been developed. The potential and kinetic energies of the system are computed, Lagrangian's function is constructed and the desired stability criterion is derived on using Lagrangian's non-linear differential equation. The eigenvalue relation is discussed and the results are analysed numerically for all wavelengths in various modes of disturbance. It is found that the temporal amplification prevailing in the full liquid jet is much lower than that of the hollow jet. The latter is capillary stable in the non-axisymmetric modes m 0 for all wavelengths and also stable in the axisymmetric mode m=0 whose wavelength @l is equal to or less than the circumference 2@pR of the gas jet, where m (an integer) is the azimuthal wavenumber. The hollow jet is unstable only in the mode m=0 as @l>2@pR.