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Introduction: Hypodontia refers to the congenital absence of less than six teeth. This absence may be unilateral or bilateral. Though the congenital agenesis of bilateral mandibular/maxillary incisors has often been reported in literature, however, the congenital absence of bilateral mandibular and maxillary incisors, as well as the mandibular second molar-giving rise to a total of six missing permanent teeth in an apparently healthy individual has not been reported earlier.

Introduction: Earlier, treatment of immature necrotic tooth focussed only on surgical endodontic management and apexification procedures. Regenerative endodontic therapies have called for a paradigm shift in management of such cases. Prognosis becomes challenging though at times due to chronicity of infection, inadequate disinfection of canal space and cytotoxic nature of irrigants used hindering the survival of the apical stem cells.

Video is a common tool for engaging audiences in Extension topics, yet evaluation of the different video production approaches is lacking. We compared learning and emotional outcomes after boaters in the Great Lakes watched either a narrative or didactic video focused on how to prevent the spread of an aquatic invasive species. There were differences in how each approach affected viewers, indicating that there can be utility in both approaches to video production. Extension staff that are creating videos should have these outcomes in mind to promote desired behaviors.

As institutes of higher education (HE) strive to meaningfully address diversity, equity, and inclusion in practice, Universal Design for Learning (UDL) provides a relevant and timely framework for course design to support all learners. Using UDL as an instructional design framework, educators can proactively address learner variability and reduce barriers for students in HE environments. This self-study describes how UDL experts applied a process of UDL design to their courses. The best practices were identified across three phases: (a) a literature review to identify UDL-aligned practices used by HE instructors, (b) individual and collective reflection on UDL-based practices by the UDL experts, and (c) application of UDL to three HE courses delivered in different formats. The practice brief presents a comprehensive overview of various strategies that HE instructors can use in their courses, in alignment with the three UDL principles.

Work-integrated learning (WIL) is crucial for the development of employability skills and has an influence on employment outcomes. Given the significance of WIL pedagogies for graduate preparedness and transitions into work, concerns have been raised on the barriers to access and participation in WIL for some cohorts of learners. Equity and inclusion in WIL, that is, considerations for diverse learners once enrolled into a subject or course with varying WIL components, is not a new concept with some guidelines purported over a decade ago. Designing WIL to accommodate for equity and inclusion, however, has presented challenges with few studies offering navigation for curriculum design. This paper draws on empirically sound curriculum design principles for inclusion for learner variability through Universal Design for Learning (UDL), to offer the UDL for WIL design framework. The paper presents conceptual and practical contributions for educators of WIL experiences to reduce barriers and integrate student voice to support all graduates' career transitions.

The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 of India reframed the present structure of higher education such as syllabi, examinations, and assessments. Due to the pandemic, many educational and research institutions are building a knowledge and skill-based curriculum and designing new credit-based courses, while encouraging students to attend online courses as a way to meet the recommendations of NEP. Any e-learning platform or online course has four basic components: Videos, Activities, Additional Reading Material, and Discussions, with Additional Reading Material being a more important component. Online courses that are open to everyone (MOOCs) can be adopted irrespective of the students' specialization or area. The instructor provides the reading material to the learners as a fixed, recommended list irrespective of the learner's interest or specialization. Instructors are finding it difficult to cater to the diversity of learners' interests and learning styles. In this paper, I have focused and analyzed the additional reading material and digital reading patterns of learners in various MOOC platforms by conducting online surveys. I concluded that there is a need to use learning eXtension Trajectories (LxT) in the learner-centric MOOC model where an instructor can identify various supportive domains and provide a shortened list of resources comprising various media to the learners.

Research indicates that reading strategy instruction improves comprehension. Conceptualizing strategy training as mediating reading strategy use through collaborative and reflective practices, the present study examined the combined effect of peer-collaborative strategic reading and reflective journaling on strategy use and comprehension. Data were collected from 72 ninth-grade participants, employing a pretest-posttest comparison group design, through Reflective Journals, Reading Comprehension Test, and the Survey of Reading Strategies. The experimental group (n=36) participated in strategy training, while the comparison group (n=36) had regular study hours. Reflective journals show that the experimental group improved in rationalizing the conditional knowledge of strategies, using strategy clusters, employing responsive actions, specifying the details of strategy use and verbalizing the reading process. Findings also indicate that the experimental group outperformed the comparison group in post-test in comprehension and frequency of strategy use. The findings imply that reading strategy instruction models and teachers can increase the collaborative and reflective nature of strategy training to develop students' strategic reading and comprehension.

This study explores integrating industry-crowdsourced projects within capstone courses of a 4-year Bachelor of Science program at an accredited American university. A unique business consulting model was developed for the final year course, aligning students with 16-weeks industry projects that reflected their academic goals and the program's learning objectives. The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of this pedagogical approach compared to traditional capstone courses. This evaluation involved collecting data from grading systems and anonymous course surveys. A novel aspect of the research design was the synergetic combination of nonparametric and parametric statistical techniques with modern machine learning (ML) algorithms to analyse the students' grades, survey comments and third-party course opinion comments. Additionally, independent third-party course ratings were examined to triangulate the results. Findings revealed that while the academic performance in the industry-crowdsourced capstone course mirrored that of the traditional course, the industry-crowdsourced variant elicited significantly more positive responses in course surveys. Furthermore, ML sentiment analysis of comments from third-party forums indicated a stronger positive reception for the industry-crowdsourced course over the traditional approach.

Giant cell tumour of bone (GCTB) is a locally aggressive benign bone tumour. Though surgery is the mainstay of treatment, recurrence rate is 8% even after extended curettage. Recurettage does not guarantee no recurrence of the tumour. The RANKL-RANK interaction, which leads to the differentiation and functioning of the osteoclast like giant cells are responsible for the osteolytic activity of tumour. Denosumab a RANK ligand inhibitor can be used in recurrent GCTB. We report two cases, where denosumab was used in recurrent GCTB with encouraging results.

Clavicle fractures are common, which accounts for 2.6% of all adult fractures, but the segmental clavicle fracture is an uncommon pattern, with one study showing 0.8% of clavicle fractures to be segmental. We present a rare case of segmental clavicle fracture (middle 1/3rd and lateral end) with acromioclavicular joint (AC-joint) disruption. A lateral clavicular plate was applied fixing both fractures and K-wire for AC-joint disruption. The K-wire was removed after 6 weeks. The patient was followed up at 6 months and one year and outcome was assessed functionally by Oxford Shoulder Score (OSS) and radiologically. The patient had an excellent functional outcome with OSS of 48/48 and full range of motion without instability of AC-joint and good union radiologically. We report good outcome of segmental clavicle fracture with AC-joint disruption treated surgically and discuss relevant literature.

In this study, we investigated media reports and literacy research in four nations--China, Morocco, the Republic of (South) Korea, and the United States--about the relationship between adolescents' literacy and use of digital media, or digital literacy. We present short "snapshots" of adolescents' digital literacy in each country and then compare these to findings in a report about adolescent literacy and uses of digital media published by the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA). Our analysis indicates significant variation across countries in both literate traditions and adolescents' access to digital media, and notes that these interact to create unique conditions for adolescents' digital literacy in each country, even as, across the four nations, adolescents' capacity to innovate and solve problems with digital access seems constant. In conclusion, we are cautious about making global claims about the state of adolescents' literacy worldwide but point to important findings about how the use of the internet in schools seems to have a positive impact on reading performance and offer some implications for classroom practice.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most prevalent neurodevelopmental disorders in children and adolescents (CAA) and its treatment plan includes a multimodal approach. Psychoeducation is a potential therapeutic modality in the multimodal treatment of ADHD. Psychoeducation intervention generally consists of single or multiple sessions providing education to the recipient regarding ADHD with the aim to facilitate an informed, self-responsible management of the disorder and to improve the quality of life of patients and their families. Previous reviews have highlighted the positive effects of parental psychoeducation on ADHD symptoms, behavioral problems and social skills of CAA with ADHD. However, the effects of child only and combined parental and CAA psychoeducation interventions are unclear and under investigated. In the current paper, for the first time, we review, individually, the outcomes of parent only psychoeducation, child only psychoeducation and combined parental and CAA psychoeducation across a range of domains in CAA with ADHD. The findings reveal that including psychoeducation in the treatment of ADHD may improve clinical symptoms, social skills, functioning and family relationships in CAA with ADHD.

Computational thinking (CT) has received growing interest as a research subject in the last decade, with research contributions attempting to capitalize on the benefits that CT may provide. This study included a systematic analysis aimed at revealing current trends in the CT subject, identifying educational interventions, and emerging assessment instruments. It also gave an overview of how teachers learned CT skills and how they integrated the CT curriculum into classroom practices. We searched the data in the Web of Science database and identified 360 articles. Most importantly, it emphasized the following points: (a) the most popular subject areas in CT literature; (b) CT intervention tools; (c) CT assessment practices used so far within educational courses; and (d) effective CT approaches to influence pre-service teachers. Results from this review revealed that CT's promotion in education had achieved significant progress in recent years. Along with the growth in the number of CT studies, the number of subjects, research questions, and teaching approaches also increased in recent years. It was also found that CT was mostly used in science, mathematics, programming, and computer science tasks, with little work in artificial intelligence (AI) and non-STEM areas. The essence of this paper implicated the researchers in designing the curriculum based on different subject domains. Furthermore, we recommended integrating augmented reality-based games using CT methodologies into the curriculum.

Alphabet training of primary school students is an essential, but challenging activity. Alphabet knowledge is an important fundamental literacy skill which has been found to directly impact the future academic success of students. Game-based learning and the use of multimodal engagement activities have been found to be effective intervention strategies in successful alphabet training programmes. In this study, a Kinect based digital Catcher Game was developed for English alphabet training of primary school students. For a duration of 4 weeks, a control group (CG) consisting of 41 Class-III students received traditional classroom training for 60 min each day. During the same period, an intervention group (IG) consisting of 45 Class-III students was trained for 30 min in the traditional class and using a Catcher Game session for another 30 min. The alphabet knowledge performances of the two groups were compared before and after the game-based training intervention. During the pre-test, no statistically significant differences were observed in the alphabet knowledge performance of the CG and IG. In the post-intervention evaluation, the IG students were found to perform significantly better in the test than the CG. During their post-intervention feedback, most of the IG students and teachers talked favorably about the use of Catcher Game intervention and attributed the significant improvement in IG performance to this intervention. Post-intervention, the teachers also reported a significant improvement in the motivation and engagement among the IG students during regular classroom sessions.

Government of India has cleared the New Education Policy (NEP) 2020 by bringing out many reforms in the education sector with a focus on education design, delivery, and assessment. This work is an attempt toward perceiving the post-COVID-19 era as an enabler in the engineering education process for the implementation of blended learning. Causal analysis through the Ishikawa diagram is brainstormed for enlisting all the potential causal factors for the inability to restore normalcy during the COVID-19 pandemic. Process Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (PFMEA) is adopted for restoring normalcy through prioritized corrective actions. Thus, NEP 2020 is considered for leveraging blended learning.

Background and Aims: Remifentanil is a powerful synthetic opioid drug with a short initiation and period of action, making it an ultra-short-acting opioid. It is delivered as an intravenous infusion during surgical procedures for pain management. However, deciding on a suitable dosage depends on various aspects specific to each individual. Methods: Conventional pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) models mainly rely on manually choosing the parameters. Target-controlled drug delivery systems need precise predictions of the drug's analgesic effects. This work investigates various supervised machine learning (ML) methods to analyse the pharmacokinetic characteristics of remifentanil, imitating the measured data. From the Kaggle database, features such as age, gender, infusion rate, body surface area, and lean body mass are extracted to determine the drug concentration at a specific instant of time. Results: The characteristics show that the prediction algorithms perform better over traditional PK-PD models with greater accuracy and minimum mean squared error (MSE). By optimising the hyperparameters with Bayesian methods, the performance of these models is significantly improved, attaining the minimum MSE value. Conclusion: Applying ML algorithms in drug delivery can significantly reduce resource costs and the time and effort essential for laboratory experiments in the pharmaceutical industry. Keywords: Analgesia, artificial intelligence, machine learning, mathematical model, pain, palliative care, pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic, remifentanil, Author(s): Prathvi Shenoy [1]; Mahadev Rao [2]; Shreesha Chokkadi [3]; Sushma Bhatnagar [4]; Naveen Salins (corresponding author) [5] INTRODUCTION Remifentanil is a practical option for therapeutic procedures where quicker pain [...]

Objective To examine changes in red-light running and distracted riding among motorcyclists and cyclists before and after the 2020 implementation of the One Helmet, One Seatbelt campaign in China. Methods We obtained 192 hours of film before (2019) and after (2021) implementation of the campaign in eight road intersections in Changsha. We calculated percentages and ratios of red-light running and distracted riding. To assess the associations between these traffic behaviours and the campaign, we used multivariable logistic regression models to calculate adjusted odds ratios (aOR). Findings We filmed 5256 motorcyclists and cyclists in 2019 and 6269 in 2021. Red-light running decreased from 45.1% to 41.5% during this period (ratio: 0.92; 95% confidence interval, CI: 0.88-0.96), while distracted riding increased from 3.5% to 5.0% (ratio: 1.42; 95% CI: 1.19-1.69). After adjusting for covariates, male riders were more likely to run a red light compared to female riders (aOR: 1.28; 95% CI: 1.06-1.55). Red-light running was also more likely among electric bicycle riders (aOR: 1.46; 95% CI: 1.10-1.95) and motorcyclists (aOR: 1.47; 95% CI: 1.13-1.90) compared to traditional cyclists. All types of riders were less prone to run a red light during peak hours than off-peak hours (aOR: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.73-0.99). Distracted riding was more common on weekends compared to weekdays (aOR: 3.01; 95% CI: 2.02-4.49). Conclusion China's national road safety campaign, which focuses on helmet and seatbelt use, was associated with reduced red-light running. Strict enforcement and targeted modifications could improve the campaign's effectiveness. Objectif Etudier les changements en matiere de franchissement des feux rouges et de distraction chez les motocyclistes et cyclistes avant et apres la mise en reuvre, en 2020, de la campagne <> (Un casque, une ceinture) en Chine. Methodes Nous nous sommes procure 192 heures de video filmees a huit carrefours routiers a Changsha avant (2019) et apres (2021) la mise en reuvre de la campagne. Nous avons ensuite calcule les pourcentages et ratios de franchissement des feux rouges et de cyclistes ou motocyclistes distraits. Pour determiner le lien entre ces comportements de conduite et la campagne, nous avons employe des modeles de regression logistique multivariee nous permettant de calculer les odds ratios ajustes (ORA). Resultats En 2019, 5256 motocyclistes et cyclistes ont ete filmes, contre 6269 en 2021. Le franchissement des feux rouges a diminue, passant de 45,1% a 41,5% durant cette periode (ratio: 0,92; intervalle de confiance de 95%, IC: 0,88-0,96), tandis que la distraction a augmente, passant de 3,5% a 5,0% (ratio: 1,42; IC de 95%: 1,19-1,69). Apres avoir pris en compte les covariables, les conducteurs etaient davantage susceptibles de franchir un feu rouge que les conductrices (ORA: 1,28; IC de 95%: 1,06-1,55). Ce franchissement etait egalement plus frequent chez les velos electriques (ORA: 1,46; IC de 95%: 1,10-1,95) et les motocyclistes (ORA: 1,47; IC de 95%: 1,13-1,90) que chez les cyclistes traditionnels. Tous les types de deux-roues etaient moins enclins a franchir un feu rouge pendant les heures de pointe que pendant les heures creuses (ORA: 0,85; IC de 95%: 0,73-0,99). Enfin, les cyclistes ou motocyclistes distraits etaient plus nombreux le week-end que la semaine (ORA: 3,01; IC de 95%: 2,02-4,49). Conclusion La campagne nationale de securite routiere en Chine, axee sur le port du casque et de la ceinture de securite, a entraine une baisse du nombre de franchissements des feux rouges. Une application stricte des regles ainsi que des modifications ciblees pourraient ameliorer l'efficacite de cette campagne. Objetivo Examinar los cambios en la conduccion distraida y el cruce de semaforos en rojo entre motociclistas y ciclistas antes y despues de la implementacion en 2020 de la campana <> en China. Metodos Se obtuvieron 192 horas de grabacion antes (2019) y despues (2021) de la implementacion de la campana en ocho intersecciones viales de Changsha. Se calcularon los porcentajes y las razones de saltarse semaforos en rojo y de conduccion distraida. Para evaluar las asociaciones entre estos comportamientos de trafico y la campana, se utilizaron modelos de regresion logistica multivariable para calcular las razones de probabilidades ajustadas (aOR). Resultados Se filmaron 5256 motociclistas y ciclistas en 2019 y 6269 en 2021. Saltarse los semaforos en rojo disminuyo del 45,1% al 41,5% durante este periodo (razon: 0,92; intervalo de confianza del 95%, IC: 0,88-0,96), mientras que la conduccion distraida aumento del 3,5% al 5,0% (razon: 1,42; IC del 95%: 1,19-1,69). Tras ajustar por covariables, los conductores varones tenian mas probabilidades de saltarse un semaforo en rojo que las conductoras (aOR: 1,28; IC del 95%: 1,06-1,55). Ademas, los conductores de bicicletas electricas (aOR: 1,46; IC del 95%: 1,10-1,95) y motociclistas (aOR: 1,47; IC del 95%: 1,13-1,90) eran mas propensos a saltarse semaforos en rojo que los ciclistas tradicionales. Todos los tipos de conductores eran menos propensos a saltarse un semaforo en rojo durante las horas de maxima afluencia que fuera de ellas (aOR: 0,85; IC del 95%: 0,73-0,99). La conduccion distraida fue mas frecuente los fines de semana que entre semana (aOR: 3,01; IC del 95%: 2,02-4,49). Conclusion La campana nacional de seguridad vial de China, centrada en el uso del casco y el cinturon de seguridad, se asocio a una reduccion de los conductores que se saltan los semaforos en rojo. Una aplicacion estricta y modificaciones especificas podrian mejorar la eficiencia de la campana., Introduction Road traffic injuries among motorcyclists and cyclists are a public health concern. In 2019, road traffic crashes killed 237 533 motorcyclists and 66 102 cyclists worldwide. (1) In the [...]

* Context.--Galactose-deficient immunoglobulin A1 (Gd-IgA1) deposition in the renal mesangium plays a role in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy. Objective.--To assess the serum Gd-IgA1 level in biopsy-proven IgA nephropathy cases at diagnosis and 3 months post treatment and its relation with histologic Oxford classification. Design.--In this hospital-based prospective cohort study, 40 cases and 20 controls were enrolled. Serum samples of biopsy-proven IgA nephropathy cases collected on the day of biopsy and 3 months post treatment were evaluated. Solid-phase ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) was performed for assessment of Gd-IgA1 level. All renal biopsies were scored by using the Oxford classification (C-MEST score). The association of serum Gd-IgA1 levels with other established prognostic parameters was assessed. To estimate the prognostic value of markers, logistic regression analysis and Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA (analysis of variance) were used. Results.--A significant difference was observed in the serum Gd-IgA1 level values in the IgA nephropathy cases and healthy controls (P = .001) at baseline. However, no significant correlation between serum Gd-IgA1 levels at baseline and 3 months of follow-up (P = .31) or between baseline levels and age, proteinuria, hematuria, or estimated glomerular filtration rate was noted. There was no significant correlation between C-MEST score and serum Gd-IgA1 levels at baseline (P > .05); however, the distribution of Gd-IgA1 at 3 months was found to differ significantly between different grades of S score (P = .008). Conclusions.--Serum Gd-IgA1 levels may be of utility in predicting disease progression in IgA nephropathy cases. Measurement of serum Gd-IgA1 levels for the diagnosis and prognosis of IgA nephropathy may preclude the need for invasive renal biopsies. (Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2024;148:1244-1250; doi: 10.5858/arpa.2023-0190-OA), Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is a common primary progressive glomerular disease, characterized by gradually decreasing renal function. Fifteen to twenty percent of patients have progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) [...]

: BACKGROUND: Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is characterized by upper airway dysfunction and is linked to severe health issues. Individuals with SDB have distinct craniofacial morphology for which orthodontists are most suitable for the management due to their dental expertise. AIM: This study aims to discern key differences in dental parameters between individuals with and without SDB. METHODS: The present study is a cross-sectional observational study conducted for 12 months. Out of 70 participants, 35 were placed in the SDB group as per the Berlin questionnaire (BQ) and 35 in the control aged 18-22 years. Criteria excluded individuals with preexisting illnesses, missing teeth, tonsillectomy, orthodontic or jaw surgeries, cleft lip/palate, or craniofacial anomalies. Dental assessments included interdental width, palatal vault depth and shape, molar relation, overjet, and overbite. In addition, self-perceived orthodontic treatment needs were evaluated as a secondary measure. RESULTS: In the SDB group, interdental distances were significantly reduced in the canine, first premolars, second premolars, and molar regions by 2, 3, 4, and 1.8 mm, respectively. A noticeable V-shaped arch was observed. Overjet and overbite increased by 42.85 and 31.42, respectively, with Class 1 malocclusion more prevalent than Class 2. The Berlin questionnaire identified 54.3 as high-risk SDB. The Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need-Esthetic Component (IOTN-AC) revealed that 68.6 of snoring participants required orthodontic treatment. CONCLUSION: Individuals with SDB exhibit a constricted maxilla and reduced interdental measurements, indicating a moderate risk. The Berlin questionnaire proves valuable in assessing SDB severity. Moreover, individuals displaying signs of SDB often present a high prevalence of orthodontic treatment needs, as indicated by the IOTN-AC. Keywords: Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need, mouth breathing, questionnaire, sleep, sleep apnea syndromes, sleep disorder, Author(s): Dipasha K. Rao [1]; Bhagyalakshmi Avinash [1]; T. M. Amulya [2]; B. S. Prakash [2]; N. Raghunath [1]; Vidya G. Doddawad (corresponding author) [3] Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), characterized by [...]