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ABSTRACTBackground Fentanyl administration is associated with fentanyl-induced cough (FIC), which can be distressing for both the patient and the medical team. Midazolam has a bronchodilator action on the smooth muscle of the airway.Aim This study aims to study the efficacy of different oral midazolam doses in controlling FIC in children.Methods A total of 120 children who underwent elective surgeries with orotracheal intubation (OTI) were involved in this randomized, double-blind, controlled study. Cases were randomized equally into three groups. Group C (control group) – received plain oral solution prepared by a pharmacist who did not participate in the study. Group MID 0.5 mg/kg – received 0.5 mg/kg of oral midazolam solution. Group MID 0.7 mg/kg – received 0.7 mg/kg of oral midazolam solution.Results Incidence of cough was 39 (97.5%) in control group, 36 (90%) in MID 0.5 mg/kg group, and 15 (6%) in MID 0.7 mg/kg group with statistically significant differences among the three groups (p 0.05). Severity of cough was significantly different among the groups, with severe cases more predominant in control group followed by Group MID 0.5 while no cases suffered severe cough in Group MID 0.7 (p

Background: Fentanyl administration is associated with fentanyl-induced cough (FIC), which can be distressing for both the patient and the medical team. Midazolam has a bronchodilator action on the smooth muscle of the airway. Aim: This study aims to study the efficacy of different oral midazolam doses in controlling FIC in children. Methods: A total of 120 children who underwent elective surgeries with orotracheal intubation (OTI) were involved in this randomized, double-blind, controlled study. Cases were randomized equally into three groups. Group C (control group) - received plain oral solution prepared by a pharmacist who did not participate in the study. Group MID 0.5 mg/kg - received 0.5 mg/kg of oral midazolam solution. Group MID 0.7 mg/kg - received 0.7 mg/kg of oral midazolam solution. Results: Incidence of cough was 39 (97.5%) in control group, 36 (90%) in MID 0.5 mg/kg group, and 15 (6%) in MID 0.7 mg/kg group with statistically significant differences among the three groups (p < 0.001). The onset of cough was insignificantly different between the three groups (p > 0.05). Severity of cough was significantly different among the groups, with severe cases more predominant in control group followed by Group MID 0.5 while no cases suffered severe cough in Group MID 0.7 (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Premedication with 0.7 mg/kg oral midazolam was superior to 0.5 mg/kg oral midazolam and placebo in suppressing FIC as evidenced by lower incidence and severity of FIC in children who underwent elective surgeries with OTI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) Osteoarthritis index is a multidimensional self-reported disease-specific questionnaire that assesses pain, stiffness and physical disability in patients with Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee joint. Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess validity and reliability of the Arabic Version of WOMAC Osteoarthritis index in Egyptians with knee OA. Methods: The Arabic version of WOMAC Osteoarthritis Index was administered to fifty Egyptian knee OA. Range of motion (ROM) of knee flexion and radiographic severity were assessed for all patients by digital goniometer and X-Ray, respectively. Validity was assessed by relating the WOMAC to knee flexion range of motion and radiographic severity using spearman correlation coefficient. Besides, internal consistency and reliability were evaluated by Cronbach’s alpha and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), respectively. Results: Arabic Version of WOMAC Osteoarthritis Index showed weak correlation with knee flexion range of motion (rho=-0.36, P=0.037) and little non-significant correlation with radiographic severity. Cronbach’s alphas were 0.74–0.82. Test–retest reliability was 0.58–0.693. Conclusion: Arabic Version of WOMAC Osteoarthritis Index is a reliable but less valid index for use in Egyptian patients with knee OA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Mitochondria sustain healthy brain function. Herein we aimed to evaluate the thiamethoxam (MX) effect on the rat brain mitochondria in addition to the protective role of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) against MX harmful effects. Thiamethoxam was administered orally with five doses each week for 28 days to male albino rats at 1/50 of the LD50 (31.26 mg/kg bw). The results demonstrated that the thiamethoxam neurotoxicity was confirmed by the significant rising in acetylcholinesterase, and lactate dehydrogenase activities of plasma. A significant increase in mitochondrial antioxidants as superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione was found. Also, significant induction of the oxidative stress and DNA damage via rising the malondialdehyde, and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine biomarkers was recorded by 32.5% and 118.61% respectively. Substantial depression in mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase, cytochrome c reductase, cytochrome c oxidase, and Mg2+ ATPase complexes as well as 23 % cerebral infarction was manifested by histological evaluation using the dehydrogenase activity indicator, 2, 3, 5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining. In conclusion, MX can pose a hazard to the integrity and functioning of rats' brain mitochondria, perhaps leading to neurodegenerative disorders. Additionally, earlier treatment of the synthetic antioxidant N-acetylcysteine could prove beneficial in combating the harmful effects of thiamethoxam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study investigates uncouple and prooxidant effects of chlorfenapyr (CFp) on rat liver and spleen mitochondria respiratory complexes and evaluates the quinoa seeds (Q) (30% from the basal diet) effects on CFp exposed rats. Repeated sublethal oral doses of CFp (180 mg / Kg body weight; 1/3 LD50) was given to rat. Liver and spleen mitochondria were isolated at the end of the fourth week after dosing. Changes in liver and spleen mitochondrial respiration complexes, and concomitant oxidative stress and antioxidant alterations were examined. Since, CFp provokes a significant reduction in the activity of NADH dehydrogenase (complex I), succinate dehydrogenase (complex II), ubiquinone cytochrome c oxidoreductase (complex III), cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and reduced glutathione (GSH) level. In addition, a significant increase in ATP synthase (complex V) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were observed in both liver and spleen mitochondria, indicating clearly an intense peroxidation within mitochondria. So, the results conclude that hepatic and splenic respiratory complexes in rats were severely compromised following CFp exposure. Moreover, Q enhanced diet neutralizes the CFp adverse effect that encourages its use as a mitochondrial enriches source and a protective antioxidant food supplement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study evaluated the adverse effects of three widely used insecticides in the Egyptian environment on mitochondrial bioenergetic and oxidative stress biomarkers in the rat kidney. Chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, and imidacloprid were orally administrated to male albino rats at 1/50 of the LD50 for 28 days by five doses /week. The insecticides caused a significant in vivo decrease in the activities of mitochondrial bioenergetic ATPase and mitochondrial oxidative stress biomarkers, SOD, and GST, while MDA and PCC were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased. Further, chromatography analysis demonstrated that 8-OH-2DG increased considerably in rat urine as a DNA damage biomarker. The kidney deficiency was confirmed by histological examination and in silico simulation analysis (molecular docking and ADMET). The alterations in the tested parameters were confirmed by the symptoms of histological deformation in kidney tissues, demonstrating the hazardous effects. The laboratory results showed the impact of the tested insecticides in conformity with the in silico simulation analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The inhibiting effect of a new locally available compound on the erosion of mild-steel surface used in Iraqi petroleum installations in 1 M HCl media has been investigated using different approaches. Weight loss technique was the first approach that was used for six various concentrations of N-(3- Nitrobenzylidene)-2-aminobenzothiazole of 0, 25, 100, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/L. The results showed that within the concentrations interval studied, the corrosion inhibition performance increased with increasing N-(3-Nitrobenzylidene)-2- aminobenzothiazole concentration. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was the second approach employed to investigate the surface analysis and the morphology of the mild-steel surface without/with the use of N-(3-Nitrobenzylidene)-2- aminobenzothiazole as a corrosion inhibitor. The results indicated that N-(3- Nitrobenzylidene)-2-aminobenzothiazole showed excellent performance as mild steel corrosion inhibitor in corrosive media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Aims: Chronic low back dysfunction is a serious health problem affecting people at some time in their life; it impedes the mobility of the lumbar spine and adjacent joints leading to functional disabilities. Muscle Energy Techniques aim to normalise soft tissue structures, such as shortened or tight muscles, with no direct implication to the joint associated with these soft tissues. Kinesio taping supports damaged structures without restriction of mobility and at the same time may influence some of the mechanisms associated with muscle fatigue, such as blood flow and proprioception. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Muscle Energy Techniques and kinesio taping on pain level and spinal mobility in patients with chronic low back dysfunction. Methods: A total of 90 patients with chronic low back dysfunction were selected. All participants were randomly allocated into three groups; group A received cross (X) technique kinesio taping and conventional therapy, Group B received cross (X) technique kinesio taping, Muscle Energy Techniques and conventional therapy, Group C received Muscle Energy Techniques and conventional therapy. A visual analogue scale for pain severity and inclinometer for trunk range of motion were used to measure the results. Results: Results showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the post-treatment measurements of the three groups. Conclusions: A combination between Muscle Energy Techniques and kinesio taping with conventional therapy appears to improve pain and trunk range of motion in patients with chronic low back dysfunction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The neurological damages resulted by abamectin (ABA) poisoning is not completely elucidated, especially in cellular organelles such as mitochondria. In the present study, the pro-oxidant effect of ABA on rat brain mitochondria was first investigated. A single oral dose of ABA (3.3mg / Kg body weight; 1/3 LD50) was given to rat and the brain mitochondria were isolated at various times (4, 24 and 336 h) after dosing. Oxidative stress in this organelle was noticed, since it provokes a significant reduction in the activity of adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reduced glutathione (GSH) level. In addition, a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) level was observed in neuronal mitochondria, indicating clearly an intense peroxidation within mitochondria. Second, the histochemical evaluation was carried out to estimate the extent of ischemic brain injury as a result of ABA exposure. The average area of infarct for the neurologically impaired rats was increased in a time-dependent manner. The percentage of surface area of each infarcted section was found to correlate with the severity of the neurologic deficit. The results suggest that ABA-induced neuronal mitochondrial toxicity may be an important contributing factor to brain aging and neurodegenerative diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Isolated cilioretinal artery occlusion is a rarely reported initial manifestation of polycythemia vera. In this study, we reported a case of a 65-year-old man with polycythemia vera with cilioretinal artery occlusion as an initial manifestation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]