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According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (2021), Americans aged 65 years and older are expected to grow to 21.6% of the population in the country by 2040 from the 16% (i.e., 54.1 million) in 2019. An aging society requires healthcare services, but there is a shortage of allied health professionals in geriatrics and gerontology even before the COVID-19 pandemic. College students have great potential to supply the demand; however, previous research found that they had limited knowledge about aging, held misconceptions about older adults, and expressed a low interest in working with the older population (Augustin & Freshman, 2016; Gellis et al., 2003; Horstmanshof et al., 2016; Kimuna et al., 2005; Lee et al., 2008; Wurtele, 2009; Zhou, 2007). To address the issues, the purpose was to examine (a) Kinesiology students' previous experience in working with older adults, (b) their expectations before enrolling in the older adult-focused practicum, (c) their perception toward older adults before and after the practicum, and (d) the professional skills and life lessons they learned from this practicum experience. The sample included 40 college seniors enrolled in the practicum course at a regional public university in the southeastern U.S. during the 2021-22 academic year. Their Initial Thoughts and Final Reflection assignments were collected and analyzed using the standard techniques of analytic induction and constant comparison as well as descriptive statistics, independent-samples t-test, and one-way ANOVAs. Findings revealed that this practicum helped reform stereotypical perception toward older people, foster positive interactions between Baby Boomers and Generation Z, and prepare future allied health professionals. More findings, practical implications, and future research directions are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To examine young people's requirements and perceptions of sexual health services and education in the context of their experience of sexual relationships and knowledge of sexual health. Design: A questionnaire based cohort study. Setting: Three hundred and sixty Year 11 students (aged 15-16 years) surveyed in three Secondary Schools. Method: The study received ethical approval from The North Wales Central Ethics Committee. School nurses distributed questionnaires in classroom conditions to all students present on the survey day. Results: Eighty-six per cent of the cohort responded. Those young people who reported being sexually active (153, 45 per cent) thought most sexual education topics should be taught around six months earlier than non-sexually active respondents. Of those accessing sexual health services, 90 per cent were happy with the services received, however, only 44 per cent of sexually active males and 76 per cent of sexually active females had sought advice. That clinics had a "friendly atmosphere and staff easy to talk to" ranked highest and "only people of your own age using the clinic" ranked lowest on a list of important features for a sexual health clinic. Conclusion: Planners should consult young people and develop services in line with their needs. Sexual health education should be taught earlier in the school curriculum, with flexibility over when some information is accessed. There is little evidence for the assumption upon which much work in this field is based; that most young people prefer a specifically young person's sexual health clinic. (Contains 2 tables and 1 figure.)

Research is presented describing the study of superconducting layer junctions using Josephson's effect to measure milling and annealing on the C-axis microbridge.

We present a model for the calculation of homoepitaxial film growth rates during silicon deposition on Si(100)-2×1 from disilane. Central to this model is the use of thermalized gaseous disilane adsorption probabilities that have been determined as a function of gas and surface temperature by convoluting supersonic molecular beam adsorption probability data with a Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution of incident kinetic energies and angles. These calculations show that the primary adsorption pathway over the entire range of conditions investigated is the so-called trapping-mediated mechanism, in which dissociative chemisorption occurs via a physisorbed intermediate. A second adsorption mechanism, direct chemisorption, is activated by translational energy and does in fact contribute somewhat to adsorption, but only at high gas and surface temperatures. Hydrogen coverages and silicon film growth rates are calculated from a simple surface decomposition kinetic model together with a phenomenological thermal desorption model and compare favorably to experimental measurements. Under conditions of high flux or low surface temperature, the growth rate is limited by hydrogen desorption and therefore increases with increasing surface temperature. In the flux-limited or adsorption-limited growth regime, the growth rate is predicted to decrease with increasing surface temperature due to a drop in the adsorption probability, resulting in a maximum in the growth rate for a given set of deposition conditions. © 2001 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Disilane adsorption probabilities have been measured on Si(100)-2×1 over a wide range of incident kinetic energies, incident angles, and surface temperatures using supersonic molecular beam techniques. The trapping-mediated chemisorption mechanism is shown to be the dominant adsorption pathway under the conditions investigated. The first step in such a mechanism, namely trapping into the physical adsorption well, has been studied directly via measurements at a surface temperature of 77 K. As expected, the trapping probability drops with increasing kinetic energy, but nearly 50% of incident molecules trap at 1 eV incident energy, indicating that trapping is quite efficient over a wide range of translational energies. Chemisorption probability values measured at higher surface temperatures are fit to a simple trapping-mediated chemisorption model that can be used to predict adsorption probabilities over a wide range of conditions. Measurements of the chemisorption probability at 500 K are independent of incident angle at kinetic energies of 0.75 eV and below. However, trapping probabilities measured at 77 K are shown to decrease with increasing angle of incidence at kinetic energies of 0.6 eV and above. This unusual effect is discussed in terms of molecular scattering during parallel momentum accommodation. In order to investigate the effect of surface hydrogen formed as a result of disilane decomposition, adsorption probabilities were measured as a function of monohydride coverage as well. On a monohydride-saturated surface the trapping probability is found to be lower than on a bare surface, most likely due to a decreased disilane physical adsorption binding energy compared to the bare surface. Also, the trapping probability varies linearly with hydrogen coverage between bare-surface and monohydride-saturated values. On the other hand, the hydrogen coverage dependence of the chemisorption probability is found to follow a simple second-order kinetic s... [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reports on the initial adsorption probability of oxygen on silicon as a function of surface temperature, incident kinetic energy and angle. Distinct kinetic energy regimes with opposite temperature and energy dependencies; Adsorption mechanisms; Estimation of trapping probabilities.

Aims: Understanding the spatiotemporal dynamics of reactive cell types following brain injury is important for future therapeutic interventions. We have previously used penetrating cortical injuries following intracranial recordings as a brain repair model to study scar‐forming nestin‐expressing cells. We now explore the relationship between nestin‐expressing cells, PDGFRβ+ pericytes and Olig2+ glia, including their proliferation and functional maturation. Methods: In 32 cases, ranging from 3 to 461 days post injury (dpi), immunohistochemistry for PDGFRβ, nestin, GFAP, Olig2, MCM2, Aquaporin 4 (Aq4), Glutamine Synthetase (GS) and Connexin 43 (Cx43) was quantified for cell densities, labelling index (LI) and cellular co‐expression at the injury site compared to control regions. Results: PDGFRβ labelling highlighted both pericytes and multipolar parenchymal cells. PDGFRβ LI and PDGFRβ+/MCM2+ cells significantly increased in injury Zones at 10–13 dpi with migration of pericytes away from vessels with increased co‐localization of PDGRFβ with nestin compared to control regions (P < 0.005). Olig2+/MCM2+ cell populations peaked at 13 dpi with significantly higher cell densities at injury sites than in control regions (P < 0.01) and decreasing with dpi (P < 0.05). Cx43 LI was reduced in acute injuries but increased with dpi (P < 0.05) showing significant cellular co‐localization with nestin and GFAP (P < 0.005 and P < 0.0001) but not PDGFRβ. Conclusions: These findings indicate that PDGFRβ+ and Olig2+ cells contribute to the proliferative fraction following penetrating brain injuries, with evidence of pericyte migration. Dynamic changes in Cx43 in glial cell types with dpi suggest functional alterations during temporal stages of brain repair. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]