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Objective: to investigate the relationship between disease activity and in vitro cytokine, soluble(s)CD23 and polyclonal and anti-DNA antibody production by PBMC from patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).Methods: cytokines, sCD23 and immunoglobulins were estimated by ELISA in unstimulated and polyclonal mitogen-stimulated culture supernatants.Results: PHA-induced IL-2 and IFN-y production were decreased, whereas spontaneous and PHA-induced IL-6 and IL-10 production were increased in cultures of SLE lympho cytes. Conversely, spontaneous and PHA-stimulated IL-4 and sCD23 production was com parable between patients and controls. Finally, we found an increase in in vitro spontaneous polyclonal and anti-DNA IgG secretion.Conclusions: We demonstrated an expanded type-2 cytokine profile with no correlation with parameters of disease activity. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]