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The impact of dietary fenugreek (FN) supplementation on growth performance, physio‐metabolic enzyme response, and antioxidant enzyme activities in hybrid African catfish (Clarias gariepinus ♀ × Heterobranchus bidorsalis ♂) was investigated in this study. Five isonitrogenous diets (38% crude protein) were developed and fed to the fish for 60 days. The FN was incorporated into the diets at 0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2%. Two hundred twenty‐five fingerlings of hybrid African catfish (average weight 4.01 g ± 0.02) were used for the study and randomly distributed to five dietary groups in triplicate. FN supplementation improved growth responses and survival rates; the dietary groups considerably (p < 0.05) outperformed the control group. FN‐based diets considerably increased the carcass protein content (p = 0.020) and improved protein retention (p = 0.015). FN supplementation markedly (p < 0.001) and dose‐dependently reduced the carcass's lipid content and substantially (p < 0.001) increased the levels of metabolic enzymes. The fish antioxidant capacity was significantly enhanced (p < 0.001), and hepatic stress enzymes were greatly (p < 0.001) lowered in FN‐based diets. In summary, the second‐order polynomial regression analysis indicates that the optimal dose of FN supplementation to improve hybrid catfish growth without negatively affecting the fish's physio‐metabolic response or overall wellbeing is 1% dietary inclusion level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of two prepared feeds were tested on growth, survival, enzymatic activity, nutritive reserves in the digestive gland and oxygen consumption of Octopus maya juveniles. For the first time, a semihumid paste (HD, control) and a dry diet, in pelleted form (PD, experimental) with the same formulation were used for this species. The experiment lasted for 42 days. Results indicate that growth rates were similar for both diets (p > 0.05); however, survival (70%) was higher with the PD compared to the HD (48%) (p < 0.05). The performance index was higher for octopuses fed the PD (p < 0.05). No differences in acid proteases activity were observed. However, a higher activity of alkaline proteases in the octopuses fed the PD was observed (p < 0.05). Ingestion rate was higher for octopuses fed the PD. Routine energy inversion was similar in both treatments (p > 0.05). A greater energy inversion was observed in octopuses fed the PD, whose active metabolism was double compared to the octopuses fed the HD. Results showed that the PD promoted similar growth compared to the HD diet but favored survival, and a greater investment in the active metabolism, reflected in the apparent heat increase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anchialine systems are coastal groundwater habitats around the world which host a unique community of cave adapted species (stygobionts). Such communities are expected to be separated by haloclines into either fresh or saline groundwater communities, hence climate changes (e.g., eustatic sea level shifts) and anthropic driven changes (e.g., salinization) may have a great impact on these stygobiont communities. Here we used cave-restricted species of Typhlatya from the Yucatan Peninsula as models to identify physiological capacities that enable the different species to thrive in marine groundwater (T. dzilamensis) or fresh groundwater (T. mitchelli and T. pearsei), and test if their distribution is limited by their salinity tolerance capacity. We used behavior, metabolic rates, indicators of the antioxidant system and cellular damage, and lactate content to evaluate the response of individuals to acute changes in salinity, as a recreation of crossing a halocline in the anchialine systems of the Yucatan Peninsula. Our results show that despite being sister species, some are restricted to the freshwater portion of the groundwater, while others appear to be euryhaline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Despite the high burden of anxiety and hypertension in Hispanic/Latino adults, little is known about their association in this population. Purpose To examine the associations of anxiety symptoms with 6-year changes in blood pressure (BP) and incident hypertension in Hispanic/Latino adults. Methods We examined data from a probability sample of 10,881 Hispanic/Latino persons aged 18–74 who attended visits 1 (V1; 2008–2011) and 2 (V2; 2014–2017) of the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL), a prospective cohort study. Anxiety symptoms were assessed at V1 using the 10-item Spielberger Trait Anxiety Scale (M = 17.1; Range = 10–40) and dichotomized using a cut-point of 20, the highest quartile in this cohort. BP was measured at both visits using a standardized protocol. Results Adults with elevated anxiety symptoms had a 1.02 mm Hg greater increase in systolic (p  = .02) and a 0.75 mm Hg greater increase in diastolic BP (p  = .02) over 6.1 years than those with lower symptoms, after adjusting for sociodemographic and clinical covariates. These associations differed by sex. Elevated anxiety was associated with a greater increase in systolic and diastolic BP in men only. Among persons without hypertension at V1 (N = 7,412), those with elevated anxiety symptoms at V1 had a 22% higher incidence of hypertension (p  = .02) 6.1 years later. Conclusions Our findings underscore the importance of screening for and treating elevated anxiety symptoms to help prevent hypertension. Further research on the role of sex and underlying mechanisms is warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background. In addition to the usual difficulty of managing human capital in any organization, healthcare institutions have other problems to solve arising from the circumstances and the very nature of the work they perform, such as the ethical pressure on staff, emotional exhaustion, the distribution of work shifts, or the general shortage for nurses. In many cases, this situation has an impact on the quality of care. Objective. The main objective of this research is to compile, in a single document, human resource practices that help health centre managers improve results in terms of performance and quality of care, as well as avoid the intention of abandoning the job, specifically related to the work of nurses. Methods. To this end, a systematic literature review has been performed based on 229 papers published in the Web of Science database, from which the practical implications for nurses proposed by these authors have been extracted. Results. The main results suggest that developing affective commitment helps to improve organizational performance and enhance patient safety culture. Furthermore, improving communication and meaningfulness of work, recognition by superiors, or job flexibility would improve the quality of outcomes, for the work of nurses. Conclusions and Implications for Nursing. Stimulating normative commitment, reducing excessive control, and paying attention to job burnout and job stress help combat the intention of voluntary turnover or leaving the job, especially in the case of nurses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examined the 12-month maintenance effects of a previously successful integrated model of diabetes care at improving glycemic management and psychological well-being among Latino adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D). A randomized controlled trial (2015–19) compared an integrated care intervention (ICI) with usual care among 456 adults with T2D. The ICI included integrated medical and behavioral care and health education over 6 months. Assessments were completed at baseline, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Most participants were female (63.7%) with a mean age of 55.7 years. In multilevel models, significant Group × Time (quadratic) interaction effects were found for HbA1c [ B int = 0.10, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.02, 0.17, P  < .01] and anxiety symptoms (B int = 0.20, 95% CI 0.05, 0.35, P  < .009), but not depression symptoms (B int = 0.15, 95% CI −0.01, 0.31, P  < .07). Analyses of instantaneous rate of change in the ICI group showed significant decreases at 3 and 6 months for both HbAc1 (B = −0.31 at 3 months; B = −0.12 at 6 months) and anxiety symptoms (B = −0.92 at 3 months; B = −0.46 at 6 months), and no significant instantaneous changes at 9 or 12 months, suggesting that initial improvements were largely maintained. The usual care group showed a small decrease in anxiety symptoms at 6 months (B = −0.17), but no other significant changes at any time-point for anxiety or HbA1c (all P s > .05). This culturally tailored integrated care model shows potential in producing and sustaining positive effects on clinical and psychological outcomes above standard care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]