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Abstract  A novel type passive mixing device that causes the three-dimensional flow was proposed. This mixer consists of the integrated capillary bundle structure. And the capillaries ware cross-linked each other. So it is called cross-linked micro capillary filter. The mixing effect of the cross-linked micro capillary filter was calculated by the computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The fluid behaviour in the fine three-dimensional structure could be analysed by the use of CFD. In the result of CFD calculation, the cross-linked micro capillary filter estimated high mixing effect. Moreover, the mixing efficiency was become higher by change the cross-linked form. The calculation result was decided the form of the cross-linked micro capillary filter. And this filter was fabricated by application of the Deep X-ray lithography. To form the cross-linked capillary, it was operated twice exposures. In these exposures, respectively the exposure stage was tilted to difference angle. The cross-linked capillary filter fabricated in this way was applied to vertical fluid flow operation. This cross-linked capillary filter could hold and transmit the fluid by the switchover of in impressed pressure. Herewith the cross-linked micro capillary filter showed availability as high efficiency mixing device. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To compare the efficacy and toxicity of three platinum-based combination regimens against cisplatin plus irinotecan (IP) in patients with untreated advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by a non-inferiority design.Patients and methods: A total of 602 patients were randomly assigned to one of four regimens: cisplatin 80 mg/m2 on day 1 plus irinotecan 60 mg/m2 on days 1, 8, 15 every 4 weeks (IP) carboplatin AUC 6.0 min × mg/mL (area under the concentration–time curve) on day 1 plus paclitaxel 200 mg/m2 on day 1 every 3 weeks (TC); cisplatin 80 mg/m2 on day 1 plus gemcitabine 1000 mg/m2 on days 1, 8 every 3 weeks (GP); and cisplatin 80 mg/m2 on day 1 plus vinorelbine 25 mg/m2 on days 1, 8 every 3 weeks (NP).Results: The response rate, median survival time, and 1-year survival rate were 31.0%, 13.9 months, 59.2%, respectively, in IP; 32.4%, 12.3 months, 51.0% in TC; 30.1%, 14.0 months, 59.6% in GP; and 33.1%, 11.4 months, 48.3% in NP. No statistically significant differences were found in response rate or overall survival, but the non-inferiority of none of the experimental regimens could be confirmed. All the four regimens were well tolerated.Conclusion: The four regimens have similar efficacy and different toxicity profiles, and they can be used to treat advanced NSCLC patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]