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Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) stands out as one of the economically significant ailments affecting both small-scale farmers and the broader livestock industry. To gauge its prevalence across Asia and Africa, this study employs a rigorous methodology combining systematic review, and meta-analysis, accounting for heterogeneity. Adhering to the guidelines set forth by the cochrane collaboration’s preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis, present initial search sifted through approximately 6,000 articles spanning from 1990 to 2022, using carefully crafted combinations of keywords; Boolean operators, asterisks, and quotation marks. After meticulous assessment for quality bias, employing inclusion and exclusion criteria, 52 publications were included in present study for analysis. The methodology involved in current study utilizing scientometric tools to determine LSD prevalence, with a median sample size of 293 across various studies, predominantly focusing on cattle and buffaloes. Meta-analysis outcomes were dissected based on parameters such as study period, sample size, tests employed, continents, and species, with samples stratified into two to three categories based on medians for heterogeneity assessment. Meta-analysis unveiled a pooled prevalence rate of 14% in Asia and Africa. The subgroup analysis found an 11% prevalence in Asia and Africa constituted 21%. Clinical observation showed a 19% prevalence followed by other tests and PCR with 12 and 13%, respectively. The results underscore the necessity for effective strategies to control and prevent LSD spread, mitigating its economic impact on the livestock industry. This collaborative and comprehensive assessment is crucial in combating the widespread dissemination of LSD and offers valuable insights for policymakers, veterinarians, and stakeholders in the livestock sector.

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of pomegranate peel powder (PPP) supplementation on growth performance, carcass characteristics, haemato-biochemical parameters and return over feed cost in broiler chickens. A total of 240 unsexed day-old broiler chicks were randomly allocated into four treatment groups with four replicates in each. The control group (T1) was fed with a standard basal diet as per BIS (2007). Groups T2, T3, and T4 were fed the basal diet with 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 % level of PPP, respectively for six weeks. Results revealed that the mean final body weight and body weight gain were significantly higher in T4 as compared to the other dietary treatments. The feed conversion ratio was better in T4 and T3 groups as compared to the T1 and T2 groups. There were no differences in carcass characteristics among the dietary treatments. The serum concentration of triglycerides and cholesterol were significantly reduced in T4 and T3 groups as compared to the control. The return over feed cost was higher T3 and T4 groups than the control group. Thus, it can be concluded that dietary supplementation of 1% pomegranate peel powder improved growth performance, production efficiency, blood lipid profile and return over feed cost in broiler chickens.

A study was carried out to investigate the effect of supplementation of cumin (Cuminum cyminum) seed (CS) on the production performance, nutrient digestibility and hemato-biochemical profiles of lactating Mehsana goats. Twenty lactating Mehsana goats (7 days post-partum) were assigned randomly into two groups (10 animals in each), control (CON: fed basal diet without supplement) and treatment (CS: basal diet supplemented with 10 g/animal/d of CS) for the duration of 60 days. The final body weight was significantly higher (38.09 vs. 34.04 kg) in the animals of CS group than the CON group. Feeding of cumin seed to the lactating goats did not influence daily dry matter intake. However, cumin seed supplementation increased milk yield (985 vs. 859 g/d), 4% FCM (818 vs 623 g/d) and ECM (952 vs. 742 g/d) as compared to the CON group. The percentages of milk fat, SNF, total solids and lactose were also improved by the supplementation of cumin seed. Apparent digestibility of dry matter was comparable in CON and CS groups. However, the digestibilities of crude protein (58.19 vs. 66.97%), crude fibre (47.05 vs. 55.28%), ether extract (67.00 vs.75.82%) and nitrogen free extract (65.25 vs. 75.32%) were significantly improved in cumin supplemented group. There was no effect on haematological parameters between the CON and CS groups. The supplementation of cumin has significantly improved glucose concentration in CS group when compared to the CON group. The concentrations of other estimated blood metabolites were not affected by the cumin supplementation in lactating goats. Based on the results of the present study, it can be concluded that cumin supplementation in the diet of lactating Mehsana goats at the rate of 10 g/d improved milk yield, nutrient digestibility and feed efficiency without any adverse effect on haemato-biochemical parameters

An on-farm trial was conducted to study the effect of bypass fat supplementation in lactating Mehsana buffaloes for the period of 90 days post-calving in Banaskantha district, Gujarat. Fourteen Mehsana buffaloes were selected and randomly divided into two groups having 7 animalseach. The animals in the control (CON) group were fed on basal diet (concentrate mixture, green and dry fodder) and the treatment (BPF) group was fed basal diet supplemented with bypass fat @ 100 g/day/animal. Supplementation of bypass fat did not influence the DM intake and body weights. Higher milk yield (9.02%) and 6% fat corrected milk yield (14.23%) were observed in the BPF than the CON group. The percentages of milk fat (6.43 vs. 6.01%) and SNF (9.51 vs. 9.31%) were significantly higher in the BPF than the CON group. The feed conversion efficiency was significantly lower (0.99 vs. 1.07) in bypass fat fed group. Based on the findings, it was concluded that supplementation of bypass fat at the rate of 100 g/d in early lactating Mehsana buffaloes improved the milk yield, FCM yield, milk fat content, SNF and feed conversion efficiency.

In many wireless sensor networks due to the limited energy of sensor nodes energy conservation is one of the most important challenges. To enhance the lifetime of the network emphasis is given to design energy efficient routing algorithms. In WSN, sensor nodes which are nearer to the base station having a task of collecting data for the entire area and send to the base station. This node has an additional load and depletes its energy faster. This paper addresses the problem of lifetime maximization by load balancing. This paper proposes energy efficient load balanced data collection algorithm considering different network parameter (e.g., density, degree). In this method, Data collection tree topology is built at the sink node. Performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated by considering various parameters like topology, availability of resources and the energy utilization of nodes in different paths of the tree, which may vary and ultimately impacts the overall network lifetime. Sensor nodes are switched from their original path to other based on the load and it reduces communication overhead.

Livestock disease outbreaks become a burden to the animal husbandry farmers and cause great economic loss in India. Period regression analysis is used to find the periodic or cyclic character of livestock disease outbreaks in animals, as many other natural phenomena in environment is periodic or cyclic in nature. In present study, livestock disease outbreaks of anthrax (AX), black quarter (BQ), enterotoxaemia (ET), haemorrahgic septicemia (HS), bluetongue (BT), foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), peste des petits ruminants (PPR), sheep and goat pox (SGP), babesiosis (BA), fasciolosis (FA), theileriosis (TH) and trypanosomosis (TR) were analyzed using periodic regression to know the trend and future prediction of outbreaks. Time series data on disease outbreaks, month and year was collected from National Animal Disease Referral Expert System database for 2001–2016. The regression curves were prepared with baseline, observed outbreaks and upper bound curves for 12 livestock diseases. The analysis revealed decreasing trend for AX, BQ, ET, HS, FMD, PPR, SGP and a cyclical trend of peak occurrence for every 4–5 years was observed in BQ, PPR, SGP, FA and TR. However, TR showed increasing trend and BT, BA, FA, TH outbreaks were maintained at the same trend in the past and future also. Further, BQ in 2026, ET in 2020, HS in 2022, FMD in 2023, outbreak numbers may touch the zero point, if the preventive measures are continued for these diseases effectively. Thus, continuous and constant efforts are needed for prevention of livestock diseases outbreaks from all stakeholders, which will improve the economy of farmers in India.

Classical swine fever is highly contagious viral disease of swine causing huge economic losses to pig farmers and pig industry. The study was conducted in Karnataka to understand the current scenario of CSF in the state and to evaluate efficiency of diagnostic tests (antigen ELISA and RT-PCR) in detecting the disease. Serum samples were collected from 270 pigs from 13 districts of the state and were tested for the presence of CSF antibodies. Whole blood samples (151) from 14 outbreaks of CSF were collected for the comparative diagnosis of the disease using Antigen ELISA and reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR. A seroprevalence of 28.5% (77/270) was found in the serum samples collected form the whole Karnataka. The southern Karnataka had higher seroprevalence (47%) in comparison to northern Karnataka region where seroprevalence was 17%. It confirms endemicity of the disease in southern region. Of 151 blood samples collected for comparative diagnosis, 61 samples were positive for CSF by RT-PCR and 39 by antigen ELISA, indicating the superiority of RT-PCR over antigen ELISA to detect CSFV infection in earliest stages of infection.

The discovery and localization of FRB 20240209A by the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Fast Radio Burst (CHIME/FRB) experiment marks the first repeating FRB localized with the CHIME/FRB Outriggers and adds to the small sample of repeating FRBs with associated host galaxies. Here we present Keck and Gemini observations of the host that reveal a redshift z = 0.1384 ± 0.0004. We perform stellar population modeling to jointly fit the optical through mid-IR data of the host and infer a median stellar mass log( M _* / M _⊙ ) = 11.35 ± 0.01 and a mass-weighted stellar population age ~11 Gyr, corresponding to the most massive and oldest FRB host discovered to date. Coupled with a star formation rate

The investigation was carried out to know prevalence of Leptospira serovar Hardjo in organised cattle dairy farms of India by using the commercial Leptospira Bovine Hardjo ELISA kit. Cattle serum samples (964) collected from different organized farm in various states, viz. Maharastra, Gurajat, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Haryana, Telangana, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and Karnataka, were tested. The overall seroprevalence of 12.7% was observed with high prevalence of 30.4% in Maharashtra and least with 3.7% in Punjab. The results revealed that seroprevalance is not independent across the states for the samples with the history of abortion/reproductive/respiratory disorders (c2, 11.64), abortion/reproductive (c2, 49.11), abortion/respiratory (c2, 11.21) and apparently healthy animals (c2, 37.65). However, across the disease history revealed that the seroprevalence is not independent (c2, 95.62) and seroprevalence is independent across the age (c2, 0.58). This study supported that cattle have a role in maintaining a well-known reservoir for Leptospira Hardjo serovar and warrants an intensive control and surveillance programme for reducing leptospirosis in organised cattle dairy farms in India.

Lactating Jaffrabadi buffaloes (24; first to fourth lactation and average body weight 650.0 kg) were randomly divided into 4 groups of 6 animals each as per completely randomized design and allocated to 4 dietary treatments as T1,T2, T3 and T4. Experimental buffaloes were offered commercial concentrate mixture and cotton seed cake in equal proportion (50:50) to fulfil the protein requirements as per ICAR (1998) along with the basal diet of 10 kg seasonal green and mature pasture grass hay ad lib. Commercial bypass fat was provided to all experimental buffaloes at the rate of 150g per animal for first 15 days prior to parturition and at the rate of 0, 10g, 20g and 30g /kg milk yield in T1, T2, T3 and T4 groups, respectively post partum. DMI, Per cent DMI and DMI/kg W0.75 of lactating buffaloes remained non significant among different treatment groups during entire experiment. Lactating buffaloes also showed non-significant differences in body weight and biometry during different phases of experiment. Differences in water intake (l/day, l/100kg B.W., l/kg W0.75 and l/kg DMI) by different levels of bypass fat supplementation were also non significant. Digestibility of the rations for DM, OM, CP, EE, CF and NFE were not significantly affected by addition of supplemental fat. Nitrogen, phosphorus and calcium balances were positive and non significant among different treatment groups. Plane of nutrition as per ICAR nutritional requirements for Indian buffaloes was comparable among different dietary treatments. Overall results indicates that bypass fat supplementation has positive but non significant effect on nutrient utilization in different groups.

Abstract Water is a vital and widely spread component required for sustaining the life. Groundwater is vastly valuable source and it is extremely beneficial for the human beings. But, the toxic elements release from sources such as industries, landfills as well as non-point causes of pollution such as pesticides and fertilizer from the past year showed high levels of pollution in ground water, hence this is very crucial for evaluating the water quality not only for it’s existing usage, but also a its capacity to develop as a sustainable source of water for human utilization. In rural areas of India, Groundwater is a significant water-drinking source. In Bhokardan area of Jalna District, quality of ground water is great significance, because it is a key alternative source of domestic supply along with drinking water and peoples residing there facing several water quality issues for drinking purpose. In this current research work, an endeavor has been developed to investigate the quality of groundwater as well as spatial distribution by utilizing Remote Sensing along with GIS approaches. Water quality analysis was performed for developing the quality index of water, by utilizing 12 quality parameters of water like Alkalinity, pH, Electrical Conductivity, Fluoride, Chloride, Nitrate, Sulphate, Potassium, Total Hardness, E. coli, Turbidity and Total Dissolved Solids measured at 35 different selected locations in this research work. Spatial distribution map showed that each region of research area falls under category of “Poor water” and “Very poor water” except some sites at Northern regions of the area which falls under “Good water” category during pre-monsoon, whereas most of the sites from Northern and Southern part of the region shifted category from poor to good water along with very poor to poor water during post-monsoon season. The quality index data of water of the current research disclosed that, the high WQI “Water Quality Index” values in the samples of groundwater were principally due to the occurrence of higher values of turbidity and E. Coli. The higher level of water quality parameters like TH, EC, alkalinity, potassium, TDS, chloride and fluoride were also accountable for high values of WQI in this research work. None of the location falls under excellent quality for water during pre-monsoon as well as post-monsoon season.

Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the overall prevalence of classical swine fever (CSF) in pigs in India, through a systematic review and meta-analysis of published data. Materials and Methods: Consortium for e-Resources in Agriculture, India, Google Scholar, PubMed, annual reports of All India Coordinated Research Project on Animal Disease Monitoring and Surveillance,and All India Animal Disease database of NIVEDI (NADRES) were used for searching and retrieval of CSF prevalence data (seroprevalence, virus antigen, and virus nucleic acid detection) in India using a search strategy combining keywords and related database-specific subject terms from January 2011 to December 2015 in English only. Results: A total of 22 data reports containing 6,158 samples size from 18 states of India were used for the quantitative synthesis, and overall 37% (95% confidence interval [CI]=0.24, 0.51) CSF prevalence in India was estimated. The data were classified into 4 different geographical zones of the country: 20% (95% CI=0.05, 0.55), 31% (95% CI=0.18, 0.47), 55% (95% CI=0.32, 0.76), and 34% (95% CI=0.14, 0.62). CSF prevalence was estimated in northern, eastern, western, and southern regions, respectively. Conclusion: This study indicates that overall prevalence of CSF in India is much lower than individual published reports.

Aim: This study was conducted for the isolation and molecular characterization of bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) isolated from the nasal and vaginal swabs collected from naturally infected cattle showing clinical symptoms of the respiratory disease. Materials and Methods: Isolation of BoHV-1 virus performed on clinical samples collected from 65 cattle from five states of India. The BoHV-1 isolates were further confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primers specific for glycoprotein B (gB) genomic region. PCR amplification was performed using previously published gB gene-specific primer pairs. gB PCR amplicons obtained from all isolates were sequenced, and phylogenetic analysis was performed using software. Results: A total of 12 samples were found positive in cell culture isolation. 11 isolates showed the visible cytopathic effect on Madin-Darby bovine kidney after 72 h. Partial sequence analysis of gB gene of all isolates revealed 99.0-100% homology between them. All isolates showed 99.2-99.8% homology with Cooper stain. Conclusion: BoHV-1.1 is the predominant circulating subtype of BoHV in India, and all isolates have homology with Cooper stain.

Aim: The present study was conducted to know the current scenario of classical swine fever (CSF) in Bengaluru Urban, Bengaluru Rural, Chikkaballapur, Madikeri, Mandya, Bagalkot, Gadag, Yadgir, Koppal, and Bidar districts of Karnataka with the using of both antigen and antibody ELISA. Materials and Methods: We collected 218 sera and 121 blood samples from pigs from 10 different districts of Karnataka. Screening of sera for CSF IgG antibody and whole blood for CSF virus antigen were carried out using the CSF virus (CSFV) antibody and antigen ELISA kits, respectively. Results: The mean seroprevalence was 41% (89/218) and prevalence of CSFV antigen in blood samples was 32% (39/121) for the 10 districts of Karnataka. Seroprevalence of 61%, 29%, 20%, and 21%; and antigen prevalence of 40%, 50%, 13%, and 12% were recorded for Bangalore, Mysore, Belgaum, and Gulbarga divisions of Karnataka, respectively. Conclusions: The study revealed an alarmingly high prevalence of CSF, both for the antigen (32%) and antibody (41%) in Karnataka. Southern Karnataka has the highest seroprevalence (61% in Bangalore and 29% in Mysore divisions), which confirms the endemicity of the disease in that region. This could be attributed to the intensive pig farming practices in the region as compared to Northern Karnataka (Seroprevalence of 20% in Belgaum and 21% in Gulbarga divisions), where the commercial pig farming is still in infantile stages.

Aim: This study was carried out to evaluate groundnut haulms (GNH) as alternate feed source by its incorporation and assessment in terms of feed intake and growth performance in the diets of broilers. Materials and Methods: A total of 240 1-day-old Cobb-400 broiler chicks were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments each with three replicates (n=60). Experimental Birds in group T1 were fed with conventional feed while birds in T2, T3, T4 were fed containing 2%, 4%, and 6% of GNH replacing maize and soyabean on iso-nitrogenous basis. Results: Feed intake increases significantly (p>0.05) with increasing level of GNH in the diets of experimental birds. Highest feed intake was recorded in T4 (6% GNH), followed by T3 (4% GNH) than T2 (2% GNH) and T1 (control). Birds fed GNH gained significantly (p

Nanotechnology has a tremendous potential to revolutionize agriculture and livestock sector. It can provide new tools for molecular and cellular biology, biotechnology, veterinary physiology, animal genetics, reproduction etc. which will allow researchers to handle biological materials such as DNA, proteins or cells in minute quantities usually nano-liters or pico-liters. Nanotechnology tools like microfluidics, nanomaterials, bioanalytical nanosensors, etc. has the potential to solve many more puzzles related to animal health, production, reproduction and prevention and treatment of diseases. It is reasonable to presume that in the upcoming year’s nanotechnology research will reform the science and technology of the animal health and will help to boost up the livestock production. Nanotechnology will have a profound impact, but not in the immediate future as it is in the early stages of its development and needs to equip scientists, engineers and biologists to work at the cellular and molecular levels for significant benefits in healthcare and animal medicine. But It is reasonable to presume that in the upcoming year’s nanotechnology research will revolutionize animal health and help to boost up livestock production. [Vet World 2009; 2(12.000): 475-477]

Novel, isocratic reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography method was developed and validated for the determination of enzalutamide (EZA) in bulk drug and pharmaceutical formulation. Efficient separation was achieved on PrincetonSPHER C18 100A, 5μ (250×4.6 mm) under the isocratic mode of elution using acetonitrile: water (80:20) % V/V as a mobile phase pumped in to the column at flow rate 1.0 mL/min. The effluent was monitored at 237.0 nm using UV detector. EZA was eluted in the given mobile phase at retention time (tR) of 3.2 minutes. The standard calibration curve was linear over the concentration range 10 - 60 μg/mL with correlation coefficient 0.997. The method was validated for accuracy, precision, sensitivity, robustness, ruggedness and all the resulting data treated statistically. The system suitability parameters like retention time, theoretical plates, tailing factor, capacity factor were found within the limit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pharmacoeconomics deals with allocation of health resources considering the cost benefit, safety and efficacy of drugs. The art of finely balancing the availability and cost of essential drugs in resource-scare area is the key to success. Factors like clinical efficacy, safety and cost-effectiveness of the medicines needs to be considered together for granting license for use of new medicines. For effective pharmacoeconomics management we need to close the gap between academics, health care practitioners, pharmaceutical industry and policy makers. This will in turn help us to fulfill the dream of affordable, safe and effective health care for all. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was carried out at the Main Agricultural Research Station, Dharwad during kharif 2012. The experimental material comprised 45 Gossypium barbadense genotypes, which were evaluated for variability for yield and yield components to know the improvement made over commercial check (Suvin) and to identify lines suitable for development of inter specific hybrids. Out of 10 characters studied in 46 potential Barbadense lines, seed cotton yield, number of bolls per plant and number of monopodia per plant recorded high PCV and GCV indicating that substantial variability exists for these characters and also higher heritability was recorded for these characters. The mean performance of Barbadense genotypes indicated that YBD- 10 recorded the highest mean value for seed cotton yield followed by YBIPS 14 andYBD-18. The genotypes YB-IPS 14, DBSI-75-10,1 and RHCB - 010 exhibited high fiber length and strength. The potential lines YB-IPS 14 and YB-IPS 25 are examples for blending of both yield and fiber quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]