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Diabetes, characterized by heightened blood sugar levels, can lead to a condition called Diabetic Retinopathy (DR), which adversely impacts the eyes due to elevated blood sugar affecting the retinal blood vessels. The most common cause of blindness in diabetics is thought to be Diabetic Retinopathy (DR), particularly in working-age individuals living in poor nations. People with type 1 or type 2 diabetes may develop this illness, and the risk rises with the length of diabetes and inadequate blood sugar management. There are limits to traditional approaches for the early identification of diabetic retinopathy (DR). In order to diagnose diabetic retinopathy, a model based on Convolutional neural network (CNN) is used in a unique way in this research. The suggested model uses a number of deep learning (DL) models, such as VGG19, Resnet50, and InceptionV3, to extract features. After concatenation, these characteristics are sent through the CNN algorithm for classification. By combining the advantages of several models, ensemble approaches can be effective tools for detecting diabetic retinopathy and increase overall performance and resilience. Classification and image recognition are just a few of the tasks that may be accomplished with ensemble approaches like combination of VGG19,Inception V3 and Resnet 50 to achieve high accuracy. The proposed model is evaluated using a publicly accessible collection of fundus images.VGG19, ResNet50, and InceptionV3 differ in their neural network architectures, feature extraction capabilities, object detection methods, and approaches to retinal delineation. VGG19 may excel in capturing fine details, ResNet50 in recognizing complex patterns, and InceptionV3 in efficiently capturing multi-scale features. Their combined use in an ensemble approach can provide a comprehensive analysis of retinal images, aiding in the delineation of retinal regions and identification of abnormalities associated with diabetic retinopathy. For instance, micro aneurysms, the earliest signs of DR, often require precise detection of subtle vascular abnormalities. VGG19′s proficiency in capturing fine details allows for the identification of these minute changes in retinal morphology. On the other hand, ResNet50′s strength lies in recognizing intricate patterns, making it effective in detecting neoneovascularization and complex haemorrhagic lesions. Meanwhile, InceptionV3′s multi-scale feature extraction enables comprehensive analysis, crucial for assessing macular oedema and ischaemic changes across different retinal layers.

The growth of cyber threats demands a robust and adaptive intrusion detection system (IDS) capable of effectively recognizing malicious activities from network traffic. However, the existing imbalance of class in network data possesses a significant challenge to traditional IDS. To overcome these challenges, this project proposes a novel hybrid Intrusion Detection System using machine learning algorithms, which includes XGBoost, Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Mini-VGGNet, and AlexNet, which is used to handle the unbalanced network traffic data. Furthermore, the Random Forest Regressor is used to ascertain the importance of features for enhancing detection accuracy and interpretability. Addressing the inherent class imbalance in network data is crucial for ensuring the IDS’s effectiveness. The proposed system employs a combination of oversampling techniques for minority classes and under sampling techniques for majority classes during data preprocessing. This balanced representation of network traffic data helps prevent the IDS from being biased towards the majority class and improves its ability to detect rare or novel intrusions. The utilization of Random Forest Regressor for feature extraction serves a dual purpose. It helps identify the most relevant features within the network traffic data that contribute significantly to detecting intrusions. It enables the system to prioritize and focus on these important features during model training, thereby enhancing detection accuracy while reducing computational complexity. This research contributes to the ongoing efforts to mitigate cyber threats and safeguard critical network infrastructures.

Vizhiyan, a well-established writer in child literature has been writing continuously for the welfare of the children's community. He also gives equal importance to girl children. This is one of the most precious values added in his writings. By reading Vizhiyan’s stories the self-confidence level of the children will go to a maximum level. In this way, if a child gives his/her continuous input as evinced in the works of Vizhiyan, the child will attain tremendous changes in his life which may lead to a glorious future. Hence, the purpose of the article is to explore the fruitful results of Vizhiyan’s story among female children.

The consumption of electrical energy has greatly increased lately, and the requirement of portable charge storage devices has also increased. To fulfill this, a versatile rare earth element CeO2 in nanoparticle form is selected and synthesized through a cost effective precipitation method for supercapacitor application. To improve its efficiency, 2% and 4% of transition metal chromium were doped into the ceria lattice, and their electrochemical properties were studied. The cubic fluorite structure with an average crystallite size of all the samples was 16 nm, which was confirmed through x-ray diffraction analysis. Peculiar rice shaped clusters are observed for 2% Cr doped samples through field emission scanning electron microscopy analysis. The N2 adsorption desorption studies were performed to calculate the surface area of the prepared samples. A maximum specific capacitance of 42.6 F g−1 was obtained for the 2% Cr doped CeO2 sample at 5 mV s−1 in 2M KOH in cyclic voltammetric studies. The galvanostatic charge–discharge and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements were also taken to analyze the charge–discharge cycles and stability of the samples.

Rice being the hugely consumed crop worldwide is unfortunately facing a severe yield loss due to drought stress. In this view, the study was conducted at Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru College of Agriculture and Research Institue, Karaikal during late samba of 2018 using 48 rice genotypes with an objective to select discriminating rice genotypes for drought tolerance based on principal component analysis (PCA) and selection index. The field experiments were laid out in normal and drought conditions using RBD design with three replications. Traits such as days to 50 per cent flowering, plant height, productive tillers, panicle length, grains per panicle, grain weight, grain yield were observed under both the environments, additionally relative water content, leaf senescence, leaf rolling, leaf drying and stress percentage were observed under drought environment. The PCA had reduced the 12 traits into six traits viz., days to 50 per cent flowering, plant height, panicle length, grains per panicle, grain yield and stress percentage across the environments. Selection index computed with the economic weights derived from PCA had registered the genotype IET-27693 with high index score for drought tolerance.

Although research on the preparation of metal oxides and other materials for various applications increases exponentially, it is more important to understand the need for eco-friendly methods of preparation to preserve the environment. Most of the methods available today are expensive, environmentally harmful, and inefficient with respect to mass production. The present review has explored the Rheological Phase Reaction (RPR) method, which has been extensively utilized as an eco-friendly industrial method for the preparation of metal oxides and metal oxide/carbon composite for lithium ion battery applications. Based on the literature reports, this review has two motivations: to identify the Rheological Phase Reaction (RPR) as the mass production method for preparing metal oxides, metal oxide/carbon composites, and other materials for different applications, to discuss the preparation steps involved, its advantages, the drawbacks associated; and to give a detailed review of the electrochemical performance of different metal oxides by the RPR method for application on the lithium ion battery, with particular emphasis on lithium trivanadate (LiV3O8).

The image processing plays a significant role in the early detection and diagnosis of thyroid cancer. Many researchers are trying to develop and implement image-processing models for cancer detection. This article reviews and discusses the literature on image processing and thyroid cancer. The bibliometric and structured literature review methods assess the existing literature. The study indicates that the prevalence of thyroid cancer has been increasing in recent years. Numerous factors, such as raised detection through screening programs, changes in investigative criteria, and environmental and lifestyle aspects, have contributed to this trend. Furthermore, the literature finds various diagnostic and treatment methods available for patients with thyroid cancer, as well as the difficulties associated with overdiagnosis and overtreatment. Furthermore, the role of image processing techniques in the analysis and diagnosis of thyroid cancer focuses on their possible advantages and disadvantages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: In this, in vitro study's objective is to assess the shear bond strength (SBS) of metal and ceramic orthodontic brackets that have been adhered to enamel using a conventional acid etch/primer and self-etching primer (SEP) adhesive method. Materials and Methods: One hundred excised human premolars were bonded on brackets and were divided into group 1 -Metal brackets were bonded on teeth and group 2 -Ceramic brackets were bonded on teeth. These two groups were further subdivided: subgroup 1a - 25 metal brackets bonded using conventional acid etch/primer adhesive system, subgroup 1b - 25 metal brackets bonded using SEP, subgroup 2a - 25 ceramic brackets bonded using conventional acid etch/primer adhesive system, and subgroup 2b - 25 ceramic brackets bonded using SEP; brackets were debonded using a computerized Instron universal testing machine. Results: The mean value of SBS of metal and ceramic brackets bonded using conventional acid etch/primer adhesive systems had higher SBS than those bonded using SEP. SBS ranged from 7.95 to 12.24 MPa which was in the acceptable clinical range. Conclusion: SBS values of all four subgroups exceeded the range of 6-8 MPa observed to be acceptable for routine clinical use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Face recognition is one of the main branches of biometric verification as the face is the identity of an individual and it is utilized by many organizations to mark attendance of employees. Currently student attendance is recorded physically in the classroom by calling their unique ids, which utilizes more time and it is tedious to verify and identify each student if the number of students increases beyond normal range and it is tough to cross verify whether the authenticated students are actually responding. This project demonstrates a technique for attendance monitoring with facial recognition method by using two different algorithms one will be the existing algorithm such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA) algorithm and the other one is proposed by us which is Unconstrained FACE REGISTERING ALGORITHM. This method will automatically record the attendance of the scholars who are present in the classroom and it will also maintain a login and logout time of students and faculties and administration can easily access all the data of the students. However, it is difficult to estimate the outcome of facial recognition as most of the systems currently present have low detection rate and takes 20-100 images of a person for better identification. In this project attendance is marked by continuous observation which helps the system to improve and it also eliminates few features which affects the performance of the system that are different poses, light effects, partial occlusion etc. which helps the system to achieve better accuracy. This method will save approx 15-20 min of valuable class time and can be used to interact or clear doubts with teachers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is huge rise in spreading of fake news. The main intention is to divert the truthness and originality of the news. Our model is grounded with TF-IDF vectorizer for feature extraction, Text Blob for performing sentimental analysis, Matplotlib and Seaborn for visualization and with Naïve bayes, Random Forest and Logistic regression classification algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chrysanthemum is an important flower crop grown in different parts of the world. Apparently there are new reports of chrysanthemum collar rot and root rot caused by Phytophthora sp. around the world. In recent years there has been increase in incidence of Phytophthora root and collar rot in chrysanthemum and no information is available about this disease in India. Therefore the aim of the present study is to isolate and characterize the pathogen causing collar rot and root rot disease of chrysanthemum. During year 2021, the plants exhibiting collar rot and root rot disease symptoms were received from the local farmers. Based on initial micro-morphological observation it was identified as Phytophthora sp. Further the pure culture of pathogen was isolated and confirmed its identity through cultural, morphological and amplification of the three regions/genes (ITS, tef-1α and β-tubulin) of Phytophthora sp. Phylogenetic analysis of concatenated sequence derived from ITS, tef-1 and β-tubulin sequences of five Phytophthora isolates (PhN1, PhN2, PhN3, PhN4 and PhN5) showed close clustering of these isolates with Phytophthora nicotianae isolates infecting different crops. This is first detailed characterization of Phytophthora nicotianae causing collar rot and root rot in chrysanthemum in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cardiofaciocutaneous (CFC) syndrome is a condition of sporadic occurrence, with patients showing multiple congenital anomalies and mental retardation and characteristic dysmorphic features. We, thus, report a rare case of this syndrome in a 1-year-old child who presented with typical features of CFC syndrome.

Google Play Store, Google's app store, is being used by millions of people on a daily basis. It is intended to access, among other things, publications, games, music, movies, and even television. After installing apps, users can submit reviews in the app store to share their personal experiences with others, and this works both ways, with one user being motivated by the ratings of others. The app's usability, performance, and, in rare cases, faults that users have faced while using it are usually explained by users' experiences. The goal is to use Supervised Machine Learning Techniques to classify Google app reviews (SMLT). The SMLT approaches are used to collect variable identification such as sentiments and sentiment polarity, as well as to create a dataset with these variables. It will then go through a series of stages, including data validation and cleaning, visualization, and classification into good, neutral, and negative sensations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research examines whether stock prices in the Indian stock markets follow a Geometric Brownian Motion (GBM). This study is keen on knowing if one can predict the simulated stock prices accurately against the actual stock prices. One-year, three-year, and five-year data of the historical stock prices of 50 stocks listed on the S&P BSE (Bombay Stock Exchange) Sensex 50 Index were employed as the base data to predict stock prices using the Monte Carlo simulation's GBM method. This study investigates whether there are statistically significant differences between the actual stock prices for three months and the simulated prices of the same period. This research has found that the GBM Monte Carlo simulation effectively predicts future stock prices for three months based on the historical data of stock prices of the past year. This study did not find significant differences between the actual and predicted stock prices when the simulation used the past one year's data. This research is original in the Indian context, as it situates the GBM method of Monte Carlo simulation in the premise of bounded rationality and efficient market hypothesis theories. There is thus the empirical evidence for bounded rationality and that the stock markets are not efficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ninety-nine genotypes from an association mapping panel comprising landraces, exotic genotypes, and improved varieties were evaluated for leaf and yield traits in rice. The data of plant height, number of leaves, single leaf area, single-leaf weight, leaf mass area, leaf area index (LAI), leaf angle, yield, and biomass were subjected to analysis of variance that showed significant differences among the genotypes. The genetic variability among the genotypes and the co-efficient of variation was high for all the traits analyzed except leaf mass area with 17.47%. A high coefficient of variation was recorded in the number of leaves and grain yield per plant with 42.68 and 38.55%, respectively. Frequency distribution for these traits showed that the genotypes in the category of 4 to 12 LAI fall in the category of 30 to 90g of grain yield. Most of the traits showed symmetrical skewness and mesokurtic distribution. Besides, the correlation coefficient of LAI had a significantly positive correlation with leaf mass per area, leaf numbers, and biomass, indicating the importance of the leaf area index in determining yield and biomass. Furthermore, single leaf area hada significant positive association with leaf angle, single-leaf weight, and plant heightand a negative correlation with leaf numbers and leaf mass area. The results revealed the highest genetic variability and association between two or more variables among this rice germplasm. These genotypes could act as a reservoir of variation that could possibly be utilized for improving specific traits in crop improvement programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 27-year-old healthy man presented with non-itchy hyperpigmented skin lesions involving the trunk of duration 3 years. Examination revealed numerous coalescing, rough, slightly elevated brownish papules involving large areas of back, chest, and abdomen. There were no other cutaneous or systemic findings. Cutaneous biopsy was suggestive of verruca plana, which confirmed our clinical diagnosis. Here, we report this case of verruca plana due to its rare extensive involvement and unusual site in a non-immunocompromised individual.

Summary: Automatic speech recognition of Tamil Language with Hearing‐Impaired becomes difficult task in recent decades. In order to deal with the challenges with speech perception in hostile listening situations, Noise Reduction (NR) algorithms have been developed with the aim of improving the speech intelligibility (SI), speech quality, and ease of listening. Even though the noises are removed, extraction of correct features from the speech becomes difficult task. The major aim of this work is to introduce a Classification Technique for Speech Recognition in Hearing‐Impaired Listeners. The binary mask along with its binary weights and the Wiener filter with constant weights form the representatives of a hard and a soft‐decision scheme for time‐frequency masking. In the proposed Log Frequency Power Coefficients (LFPC), Pitch, Mel‐Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCCs), Energy, formants, and intensity as input feature vectors are extracted from preprocessed signals. Then, for automatic speech recognition process, Enhanced Polynomial Kernel (EPK)–based Support Vector Machine (SVM) (EPK‐SVM) classifier is proposed for Hearing Impaired in Tamil language is implemented in MATLAB software. The results obtained showed that SVM is found to be potential in hearing‐impaired application and is validated via the use of the recognition accuracy and error rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a design for Gate-based ternary content-addressable memory (G-TCAM), utilizing G-AETCAM cells, which yields the location of given input information. The G-AETCAM cells utilizes flip-flop as memory component and control rationale hardware comprising of rationale entryways. One G-AETCAM cell encodes the input and put away the output into one encoded bit which brings about a match-line subsequent to passing from the input. G-AETCAM architecture is area efficient in terms of transistor count and speed of operations is high than the available TCAM architectures. The cascaded G-AETCAM cells are divided as banks, by considering each row as single bank of whole memory. The decoder logic used for memory design is modified by using reversible logic gate technique. Here, HL gate has been used instead of Line Decoder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Backgorund: Access to improved sanitation facility for all is an essential to maintain good health and wellbeing. However in India, millions of people suffer from diseases and infections due to lack of adequate sanitation. Realising the importance of sanitation and hygiene, Government of India announced the flagship programme Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM) in 2014. One of the important features of SBM is to provide financial assistance to construct individual household latrine facility. It is important to understand the impact of SBM on pattern and access of households to latrine facility in Indian states. Objective: This paper tries to examine the pattern and trends in access to individual household latrine facility from an inter-state perspective and convergence in access to latrine facility among the states after the implementation of SBM. Methods: Data have been obtained from Census, reports from Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation, GOI and Swachh Bharat Mission Gramin website for the period 2011 to 2018. Sigma and beta convergence techniques have been employed to analyse the convergence in access to toilet facility and percent and ratios are employed to analyse the pattern. Results: The findings of the study confirmed the positive impact of SBM in increasing the access to toilet facility in rural India and convergence in access to toilet facility among Indian states in post SBM implementation. During the period 2014-2018, ie, after implementation of SBM, the increase in sanitation coverage at national level is four times higher than the progress made during the decade of 2001 to 2011. Many of the States have reported 100 percent open defection free Villages in the year 2018. So Implementation of SBM not only improves the share of households having latrine facility, but it has widely reduced the gap between high and low income states in access to the sanitation facility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main aim of this study is to assist in the diagnosis of viral infection using RT-PCR, which helps in easy detection and rapid result of infection. RT-PCR is more sensitive and precise to the identification of viral infection than the traditional process. It is a gold standard technique that helps to diagnose viral infection in the laboratory. Using different labeled samples ensures simple identification when used in multiple formats. RTPCR viral nucleic acid testing was one of the fastest established methods of laboratory diagnosis. In a novel viral pandemic as COVID viral infection is an epidemic in the current situation. RT-PCR is helpful in the development dimension and the analysis aims to educate the scientist on the current state of viral infection. We explain both the benefits of using PCR and limitations. The PCR has provided major methodological advantages and improved patient outcomes. This might help in the detection of viral infection at a faster rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.), an important rabi pulse crop grown in the plains of West Bengal, is vulnerable to Stemphylium blight, caused by the fungal pathogen Stemphylium botryosum. Considering the severity of the disease in the existing cropping system, an experiment was undertaken at the instructional farm of Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya during Rabi 2021 with the objective to observe the correlation between the quantitative traits and the Area Under Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC) among the 50 lentil genotypes under the incidence of Stemphylium blight. The experiment was planned in Alpha Lattice design with two replications. The disease parameter AUDPC was derived from Hashemi’s disease score. A total of twenty quantitative traits viz., days to 50% flowering, plant height, primary branches/ plant, secondary branches/ plant, nodes/ plant, leaflet number, leaflet length, leaf length, tendril length, peduncle length, 100 - seed weight, seed width, seed thickness, seeds/ pod, pods/ cluster, pods/ plant, days to maturity, pod yield, harvest index and seed yield were recorded. Significant positive correlation was recorded for AUDPC with days to 50% flowering and primary branches/ plant as against significant negative correlation for AUDPC with 100- seed weight and harvest index. The study on Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed that the traits viz., seed yield, pod yield, leaf length, leaflet length, pods/ plant, secondary branches, seeds/ pod, days to maturity, AUDPC, nodes/ plant, days to 50% flowering, pods/ cluster, seed thickness and harvest index showed the maximum contribution towards variation (19.49%) among the PC1 variables. The PCA biplot revealed that seed yield and pod yield strongly influenced PC1. Thus, the findings of the current study might be helpful to schedule the crop improvement program as far as the response of the crop to the disease is concerned.

Steroid is a drug which is one of blessing and banes. Next to dope, it is almost the most misused drug. In sports, it is being used so much to take away the spirit of sports. This article investigates in depth of steroids. Steroids are used for medicinal purposes only, but its use has been misunderstood by the teenagers and athletes leading to use them for illegal purposes. Athletes take these drugs to gain body bulk and muscular strength. Several countries banned steroid use and the sportsmen are checked before athletic games such as Olympic to know whether they take steroids, if so, they are disqualified to play. Teenagers of these days use these drugs to attract opposite sex, thereby decreasing their self-confidence. However, these people are unaware about the side effects that these drugs cause. Most of them lost their life due to drug overdose. Steroids are also used in dentistry to treat infection and pain, but the only thing is that it only reduces the symptoms but does not treat the cause of disease. Steroids using people are more aggressive than normal individuals, and on long run, it leads to infertility. It causes premature puberty in men when has taken in small age and the primary and secondary sexual characters start to develop earlier than the ideal age in such persons. These effects are due to the factor that anabolic steroids are derived from testosterone which, in turn, is a male hormone responsible for the development of sexual hormones in men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Echinacea purpurea, a plant used by native Americans to treat respiratory infections, was evaluated for its ability to stimulate the production of cytokines by normal human peripheral blood macrophages in vitro. The high levels of IL-1, tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a), and IL-10 induced by very low levels of Echinacea are consistent with an immune-activated group of herbaceous flowering plants in the daisy family, Asteraceae. The nine species it contains are commonly called coneflowers. Echinacea is a potent immune booster. E. purpurea is one of the most well-known medicinal plants in the world, belonging to the Asteraceae (composite) family. The plant is widely cultivated for its medicinal purposes in this species, which has been mainly used in chemopreventive and chemotherapy for infectious diseases in both upper and lower respiratory systems. This species has been used for the treatment of toothache, bowel pain, snake bite, skin disorders, seizure, chronic arthritis, and cancer. Alkamides, caffeic acid derivatives, and polysaccharides (PS) have been important constituents of the plant. Several studies revealed that alkamides are involved in the immunomodulatory properties of Echinacea extracts in vitro and in vivo. The PS play an important role in the anti-inflammatory effect. Taxonomic, chemical, pharmacological, and clinical characteristics of some species of the Echinacea genus include Echinacea angustifolia, Echinacea pallida, and E. purpurea are reviewed in previous papers. This paper is a review about E. purpurea, its phytochemical contents, and pharmacological and biological activities, along with the common methods of plant extract analysis which is reviewed in this review. In addition, the psychoactive and mosquitocidal effects of purpurea are mentioned in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this review is to enlighten the reader on the usage of alternative herbs which can be used as medical supplement. One of the most famous herbs used is ginkgo which has been the subject for a number of investigations in the scientific community. It is a genus of non-flowering plants originally from China. It is now cultivated all over the world for its medicinal properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The purpose of this study is to compare the efficacy of ibuprofen and paracetamol in the treatment of post-extractive dental pain. Objective: The objective of this study was to segregate post-extraction patients into two groups where one group will be prescribed paracetamol and the other group with ibuprofen. Materials and Methods: Patients reporting to Saveetha Dental College and Hospital with the chief complaint of pain and advised extraction were included in the study. Each participant was given a brief explanation of the study, and an informed consent was obtained from each participant before inclusion in the study. The extraction of the tooth was done, and the drug paracetamol was administered to half of the patients and the drug ibuprofen to the remaining patients. Result: The result of the study showed that patients taking ibuprofen had less dental pain compared to the patients on paracetamol. Ibuprofen scored 91.4% compared to 83% of paracetamol in Score 0. Ibuprofen scored 85.6% compared to 69% of paracetamol in Score 1. In Score 2, ibuprofen was 66.6% and paracetamol 52.4%. In Score 3, ibuprofen got 60% and 44.6% for paracetamol. Conclusion: From the result of this study, it is clearly evident that a patient who received ibuprofen had less dental pain when compared with a patient who received paracetamol. This will help clinicians in prescribing medication after dental extraction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The management of tooth wear, especially attrition, is becoming a subject of increasing interest in the prosthodontic literature, both from a preventive and a restorative point of view. Dealing with patients who have worn dentition is intricate and challenging. Precise clinical and radiographic assessments, along with a diagnostic wax-up and OVD determination, are pivotal in managing this condition. A crucial element involves establishing the occlusal vertical dimension (OVD) using a systematic method, resulting in a reliable treatment outlook. In this case report attrited teeth were restored with metal-ceramic restorations and a removable partial denture was fabricated for maxillary and mandibular edentulous areas. An occlusal splint was used to protect the restorations. The treatment protocol yielded a pleasing aesthetic and functional outcome. This result can encourage clinicians to seek accurate diagnosis and treatment planning to treat such patients. Keywords Full mouth rehabilitation, Occlusal vertical dimension, Prosthetic dentistry, Prosthodontics, Tooth wear, Worn dentition

Artificial water fluoridation refers to the addition of fluoride compounds usually hexafluorosilicic acid to public drinking water supplies. It is a controversial public health intervention, the ethics of which have been debated since its inception in the 1950s. Dr. Trendley Dean, in 1931, found that there was an inverse relationship between the concentration of fluoride and the incidence of dental caries. It was concluded that a concentration of 1 parts per million (ppm) of fluoride in water offered significant protection against dental caries. On the other hand, higher concentrations than 1 ppm fluorides have adverse effect on the teeth. Dr. Frederick McKay who was the pioneer in this field, his research based in Colorado Springs, did extensive research as to the effect of fluoridated water and its role in staining and mottling of the enamel. This “Mottled enamel" is characterized by small white flecks or yellow-to-brown spots scattered over the surface of the tooth. Furthermore, fluoride at even higher concentrations leads to a number of complications including skeletal fluorosis and fluoride toxicity which can affect multiple organs. The ethical debate as to the artificial fluoridation of water still goes on. There is significant research proving its efficacy in combatting dental caries. However, the counter argument stating that in the light of the increasing evidence of harm fluoridation poses, artificial water fluoridation must be abandoned and replaced with other effective community-wide and targeted oral health intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The present study concentrated on estimating the thermal conductivity, stability, efficiency, and resistance of a heat pipe for heat exchangers, which were essential for many industrial applications. To achieve this, copolymer of amphiphilic poly (styrene-co-2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid) poly (STY-co-AMPS) was synthesized by free radical polymerisation technique. The dispersant were used for homogeneous solution and stabilization of ZnO nanofluids. The effect of dispersant on the thermal conductivity of nanofluids was analysed using a KD2 pro thermal property analyser. There is a significant increase in fluid conductivity had a nonlinear relationship with the volume fraction. The maximum enhancement was observed at an optimized concentration of dispersant at 1.5 vol%. Same time, the influence of dispersant agent on the thermal conductivity of nanofluids were compared with linear polyelectrolytes. Further, the experimental values were compared to the existing classical models based on the reasonable aggrement, the prepared nanofluids were employed as a working medium. The conventional screen mesh heat pipe and the temperature distribution to the thermal resistance of the heat pipe was investigated experimentally. The result shows, optimum concentration of dispersants on nanoparticles exhibits an enhanced heat efficiency as compared with the base fluids. Further, the thermal resistance and temperature distribution show decreased behaviour by increasing the particle volume fraction and dispersant concentration.

Nagai (smile) can be said to be an expression of pleasure or happiness. Every human born can say that there is no limit to our happiness when we get something that we need. When we attain happiness our mind is filled with pleasure. Our face blossoms with this pleasure. Happiness spread the petals of life and makes everyone smile. Laughter is an antidote to sadness. A good example of this is the saying that if you laugh with your mouth and for others you will get sick. If you smile wholeheartedly, anyone can come out from sickness. No matter how much suffering we face, we can overcome it with a smile. Expressions of happiness often cause us to laugh. Also, laughter appears to us without realizing it in the work of mocking others. Bharathiyar is a great Tamil poet who has humorously written the realities of life. It seems a satire on the existing patriarchal norms of society. Thus, Bharathiyar’s poems are with the taste of humour to evince the nature of humour and smile as expressions of pleasure. These elements are explored in this article.

Women are in an indispensable position in Tamil society. Woman occupies an indispensable place in this world. Without women, there would be nothing on earth. Our people worship the earth as their mother. Through Shakti worships, one can know that our society has given importance to women since many centuries ago. Indeed, many of the tamil literary texts have given importance to women. Evidence can be found in literature like “Silapathikaram” and “Manimekalai”. One can learn about the status of early women and their bravery through Sangam literature. Tamil people worship women as Gods. The condition of enslaving women who are seen as Gods has changed a lot in modern times. The condition that women should get proper education has gained a lot of acceptance among our people today. Little by little they are recovering from the effects of treating women like slaves and from dowry abuse. However, in few places, this situation is still observed today. Many radical men and women have fought for the development of women and have seen success. In this article, the researcher will see the progress of women from the poems of Bharathiar who plays an important role in the development of women.

A cast post is a one-piece unit that is custom fabricated for the tooth at the dental laboratory. Traditional extracts such as neem and green tea have good antimicrobial and antioxidant activity against pathogens. The empty canal space may provide a suitable environment for promoting bacterial growth. The main aim of the study is to find the antimicrobial activity of the cast post coated with the nanoparticle. Prepared cast post was coated with prepared green tea and neem-mediated zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles. Culture is done in agar media where control is noncoated post and another is nanoparticle coated post was implanted in the agar media. The zone of inhibition was noted and statistical analysis was done. The maximum zone of inhibition found on Candida albicans (19.333 2.081) followed by Enterococcus faecalis (14.000 3.605), and Streptococcus mutans (12.666 2.516). Green tea and neem-mediated ZnO nanoparticle showed good antimicrobial activity against the tester microorganism. Cast post coated with nanoparticles has been proved to be important as it is helpful in the prevention of origin and spread of infection around the canal and through the apical foramen.

Introduction: Chemical peels have become a useful modality in the management of acne in addition to topical and systemic medications. Studies done to evaluate the effectiveness of peels have compared only lower concentration of Glycolic Acid (GA) (35%) and Salicylic Acid (SA) peels. Higher concentrations of glycolic acid i.e., (70%) are reported to be safe and more effective than lower concentrations. Despite reported advantages of higher concentration of glycolic acid peel, no published data is available regarding its efficacy, safety and tolerability in comparison with other peels. Aim: To compare the effectiveness of 70% GA peel with 30% SA peel in the management of mild to moderate acne. Materials and Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional retrospective study conducted from December 2021 to April 2022 in which, 60 participants were enrolled. They were diagnosed with mild to moderate acne, based on the Indian Acne Alliance (IAA) grading system and all of them underwent chemical peel treatment. Among them 30 had received 70% GA peel (group 1) and 30 had received 30% SA peel (group 2). The number of sittings and the individual lesional count at baseline and at each sitting were recorded. Acne lesional count (sum of comedones, papules, pustules, and nodules) was recorded at baseline, 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks. Categorical variables were presented as frequency and percentages. Continuous variables were presented as Mean±Standard deviation. Results: There was a significantly greater decrease in mean acne lesional count in group 2 from the baseline of 25.73 to 13.83 at the end of 2nd weekin comparison to group 1 wherein the values reduced from 26.30 to 17.73 (p-value of 0.003). At the end of eight weeks, the mean acne lesional count of both groups (group 1- 2.17 and group 2-1.50, p-value of 0.097) were comparable. Conclusion: Higher concentration of GA (70%) has comparable effectiveness to 30% SA peel in management of mild to moderate acne. SA peel has an advantage of earlier decrease in lesional count.

The present investigation was carried out to study the floral morphology and biology of 5 genotypes during 2016-17. Many flowered cymes both terminal and axillary were observed in J. auriculatum and J. grandiflorum; whereas, cluster bearing flowers in terminal position were observed in J. multiflorum (IIHR JM–1 and IIHR JM–2), J. calophyllum, J. flexile and J. malabaricum. Flower bud was pointed and long in all genotypes; its colour was either green white (157 B) or white (155 C) or white (155 D).Tinge on flower bud was observed in J. grandiflorum (CO.1 Pitchi and Arka Surabhi), J. rigidum, J. nitidum and J. malabaricum. Flower petal tip was either sharp or blunt and flower colour on opening was either white (155 C) or white (155 D) or white with pinkish underneath (155 D) in all the genotypes. Among the 15 genotypes, J. grandiflorum var. CO.1 Pitchi recorded longest flower bud length (4.81 cm) and corolla tube length (2.92 cm); however, maximum corolla length was recorded in J. nitidum (2.15 cm). Maximum number of forks per cymes was recorded in J. auriculatum var. CO.1 Mullai (40.13). Maximum number (6.51) and length of calyx lobe (1.28 cm) was recorded in J. multiflorum –IIHRJM-2 and J. nitidum, respectively. Flower diameter ranged from 1.74 (J. auriculatum-IIHRJA-2) to 4.93 cm (J. nitidum), whereas number of petals varied from 4.97 (J. grandiflorum var. CO.1 Pitchi) to 10.67 (J. nitidum). All genotypes recorded one style per pistil and its length varied from 0.42 cm (J. auriculatum var. CO.2 Mullai) to 2.32 cm (J. grandiflorum var. CO.1 Pitchi). Anthesis and anther dehiscence was recorded earlier in summer months, while, it was delayed during cooler months. However, the peak anthesis was observed from 6:00 to 7:00 p.m. and anther dehiscence from 4:00 to 7:00 p.m. The earliest anthesis was observed in J. auriculatum genotypes and anther dehiscence was observed in J. auriculatum and J. multiflorum genotypes. The stigma was receptive 12 h before an thesis and up to 24 h of anthesis. The maximum receptivity was observed from the time of anthesis to 12 h after anthesis.

The present investigation was undertaken to study the floral morphology behavior among 22 genotypes of Jasminum sambac. Results revealed that among the different genotypes, cluster bearing habit in terminal position was recorded in genotypes Iruvatchi and IIHR JS - 5, whereas other genotypes recorded forked cymes of cluster flowers in terminal and axillary. Three different shapes of flower bud was recorded among the genotypes, viz. pointed and long, pointed and short, rounded and short. Flower bud colour and colour on flower bud opening was white (155 B or 155 C) and pink tinge on flower bud was recorded in IIHR JS - 5. Star and round shaped flower was observed among different genotypes. Three different types of flowers were recorded, viz., single, double and multi-whorled (3 to 6). Among 22 genotypes, Arka Aradhana recorded longest bud (3.85 cm) and corolla (2.11 cm). The genotype IIHR JS - 5 recorded the longest corolla tube (2.29 cm) and Iruvatchi recorded maximum number of forks per cyme (14). Maximum number of calyx lobe was recorded in Gundumallige (8.79 cm), whereas longest calyx lobe was recorded in Soojimalli (1.49 cm). Bigger size of flower was recorded in Soojimalli (4.64 cm) and maximum number of petals was observed in IIHR JS - 1 (40). The information generated on floral morphological traits in different genotypes will facilitate the planned crop improvement programmes in jasmine.