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Nowadays, due to the expansion of cities as well as the increase in the urban population, the lack of drinking water of good quality is always one of the most important issues for the country's water and sewage authorities, especially the people. Delivering water for consumption is one of the important activities of water transmission lines. In this context, optimizing the route of transmission lines is important. In this research, the plan to transfer water from the balance tank near Khoshab's agricultural and industrial lands and Roza Dam in Madhim City to the cities of Tabas Messina, Asadiyeh, and Gazik, has been obtained as the optimal route in terms of technical and engineering, economic and passive defense, and environment. In this regard, the required information maps, such as topography, land use, rivers and roads, infrastructure, faults, geology, and population centers, were prepared in the form of raster maps in the GIS environment to obtain a cost map. Then, based on the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), these maps were weighted and integrated, and the cost map was obtained. Finally, from the cost map, five routes were determined as the best routes, and to optimize hydraulically, these routes were entered into the EPANET software. The hydraulic design of the routes was done in this software by linking it with the multi-objective particle swarm algorithm. Two technical and economic objective functions of Pareto curves for these routes were obtained in a MATLAB environment. By analyzing these curves, route 2 out of these 5 routes has a more appropriate drop and cost and has been obtained as the optimal route for this water transfer, and this route has a length of 112 km.

Abstract The construction of injection wells is one of the direct methods of artificial recharge and determining their optimal location is one of the important issues that are discussed in the topics of projects related to the rehabilitation of aquifers. In this research, a simulation–optimization model was proposed to determine the optimal location of injection wells using the Isogeometric analysis (IGA) numerical model and the Grey wolf optimization algorithm (GWO). In this regard, first, a groundwater model based on Isogeometric analysis was created to simulate groundwater flow in a hypothetical aquifer. Finally, after ensuring the accuracy of the simulator model, the optimal location of 10 injection wells was evaluated under two scenarios based on different values of hydraulic conductivity and specific yield. The accuracy of the simulation model is computed based on three error criteria ME, MAE and RMSE were the evaluation criteria which equaled −0.96%, 1.11%, and 0.0146 m, respectively. The achieved results showed that the Isogeometric analysis model has high accuracy. The results of the IGA-GWO model indicated that after constructing injection wells in the optimal location, the groundwater table on average in 10 injection wells rises more than 50 cm in both scenarios. The results also showed that due to the change in aquifer hydraulic conductivity and specific yield in different regions and the defined boundary conditions in the problem, the optimal location of injection wells are in regions with more hydraulic conductivity and more specific yield. Also, injection in regions with more drops will increase the groundwater table.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Stomach cancer tends to progress gradually over the years. Considering the relationship between blood type, peptic ulcers and impaired mucus secretion, we aimed to determine the frequency of ABO and Rh blood types in patients with stomach cancer. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was performed on 150 patients with stomach cancer, referring to Shahid Beheshti Hospital of Babol for surgical interventions during 2006-2011. Moreover, 150 control patients with no prior history of cancer, referring to the clinics, were included in this study. Data including age and sex were recorded in a checklist. After determining patients’ blood type and Rh, age, sex, blood type and Rh were converted into numerical codes, and the two groups were compared. FINDINGS: The mean age of subjects was 61.25±14.52 years in the study group and 58.37±16.37 years in the control group. The number of male subjects was higher than females in both groups. Among 150 patients with gastric cancer, 36 (24%), 47 (3.31%), 2 (3.1%) and 65 (3.43%) patients had A, B, AB and O blood types, respectively. In the control group, 33 (22%), 36 (24%), 8 (5.3%) and 73 (7.48%) subjects had A, B, AB and O blood types, respectively. CONCLUSION: The results showed that the frequency of O blood type was higher in patients with stomach cancer, compared to other blood types

Abstract Background and objectives: Paraffin-embedded tissues and clinical samples are a valuable resource for molecular genetic studies, but the extraction of high-quality genomic DNA from this tissues is still a problematic issue. In the Present study, the efficiency of two DNA extraction protocols, a commercial kit and a traditional method based on heating and K Proteinase was compared. Material and Methods: Fifty paraffin-embedded blocks of colon cancer tissues (more than 5 years old) were used to compare two methods of DNA extraction. DNA was extracted by traditional method using heat and commercial DNA extraction (Qiagen kit) method. Then the purity and concentration of extracted DNA were measured by Spectrophotometer. Two sequences of TLR4 “The most important receptors in innate immunity” were amplified by polymerase chain reaction. SH-1 ‘188bp’ and SH-2 ‘124bp’ were amplified and then the products were separated on a 2% agarose gel. Results: The results show that the yield of DNA by traditional method (297 mg/ml) is significantly (p