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3. Evolution of ordered nanoporous phases during h-BN growth: Controlling the route from gas-phase precursor to 2D material by $\textit{in-situ}$ monitoring

Author

Ruckhofer, Adrian, Sacchi, Marco, Payne, Anthony, Jardine, Andrew P., Ernst, Wolfgang E., Avidor, Nadav, and Tamtögl, Anton

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Physics - Chemical Physics
Abstract

Large-area single-crystal monolayers of two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) can be grown by chemical vapour deposition (CVD). However, the high temperatures and fast timescales at which the conversion from a gas-phase precursor to the 2D material appear, make it extremely challenging to simultaneously follow the atomic arrangements. We utilise helium atom scattering to discover and control the growth of novel 2D h-BN nanoporous phases during the CVD process. We find that prior to the formation of h-BN from the gas-phase precursor, a metastable $(3\times3)$ structure is formed, and that excess deposition on the resulting 2D h-BN leads to the emergence of a $(3\times4)$ structure. We illustrate that these nanoporous structures are produced by partial dehydrogenation and polymerisation of the borazine precursor upon adsorption. These steps are largely unexplored during the synthesis of 2D materials and we unveil the rich phases during CVD growth. Our results provide significant foundations for 2D materials engineering in CVD, by adjusting or carefully controlling the growth conditions and thus exploiting these intermediate structures for the synthesis of covalent self-assembled 2D networks.

Published
2022
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4. An Open Quantum Systems approach to proton tunnelling in DNA

Author

Slocombe, Louie, Sacchi, Marco, and Al-Khalili, Jim

Subjects
Physics - Biological Physics, Physics - Chemical Physics, Quantum Physics
Abstract

One of the most important topics in molecular biology is the genetic stability of DNA. One threat to this stability is proton transfer along the hydrogen bonds of DNA that could lead to tautomerisation, hence creating point mutations. We present a theoretical analysis of the hydrogen bonds between the Guanine-Cytosine (G-C) nucleotide, which includes an accurate model of the structure of the base pairs, the quantum dynamics of the hydrogen bond proton, and the influence of the decoherent and dissipative cellular environment. We determine that the quantum tunnelling contribution to the process is several orders of magnitude larger than the contribution from classical over-the-barrier hopping. Due to this significant quantum contribution, we find that the canonical and tautomeric forms of G-C inter-convert over timescales far shorter than biological ones and hence thermal equilibrium is rapidly reached. Furthermore, we find a large tautomeric occupation probability of $1.73\times 10^{-4}$, suggesting that such proton transfer may well play a far more important role in DNA mutation than has hitherto been suggested. Our results could have far-reaching consequences for current models of genetic mutations.

Published
2021

5. Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) program in octogenarian patients: a propensity score matching analysis on the “Lazio Network” database

Author

Grieco, Michele, Galiffa, Giampaolo, Lorenzon, Laura, Marincola, Giuseppe, Persiani, Roberto, Santoro, Roberto, Pernazza, Graziano, Brescia, Antonio, Santoro, Emanuele, Stipa, Francesco, Crucitti, Antonio, Mancini, Stefano, Palmieri, Raffaele Macarone, Di Paola, Massimiliano, Sacchi, Marco, and Carlini, Massimo

Published
2022
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7. Motion of water monomers reveals a kinetic barrier to ice nucleation on graphene

Author

Tamtögl, Anton, Bahn, Emanuel, Sacchi, Marco, Zhu, Jianding, Ward, David J., Jardine, Andrew P., Jenkins, Steven J., Fouquet, Peter, Ellis, John, and Allison, William

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Physics - Chemical Physics
Abstract

The interfacial behaviour of water remains a central question to fields as diverse as protein folding, friction and ice formation[1,2]. While the structural and dynamical properties of water at interfaces differ strongly from those in the bulk, major gaps in our knowledge at the molecular level still prevent us from understanding these ubiquitous chemical processes. Information concerning the microscopic motion of water comes mostly from computational simulation[3,4] but the dynamics of molecules, on the atomic scale, is largely unexplored by experiment. Here we present experimental results combined with ab initio calculations to provide a detailed insight into the behaviour of water monomers on a graphene surface. We show that motion occurs by activated hopping on the graphene lattice. The dynamics of water diffusion displays remarkably strong signatures of cooperative behaviour due to repulsive forces between the monomers. The repulsive forces enhance the monomer lifetime ($t_m \approx 3$ s at $T_S = 125$ K) in a $\textit{free-gas}$ phase that precedes the nucleation of ice islands and, in turn, provides the opportunity for our experiments to be performed. Our results give a unique molecular perspective of barriers to ice nucleation on material surfaces, providing new routes to understand and potentially control the more general process of ice formation.

Published
2018
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15. Ultrafast Molecular Transport on Carbon Surfaces: The Diffusion of Ammonia on Graphite

Author

Tamtögl, Anton, Sacchi, Marco, Calvo-Almazán, Irene, Zbiri, Mohamed, Koza, Marek M., Ernst, Wolfgang E., and Fouquet, Peter

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

We present a combined experimental and theoretical study of the self-diffusion of ammonia on exfoliated graphite. Using neutron time-of-flight spectroscopy we are able to resolve the ultrafast diffusion process of adsorbed ammonia, NH$_3$, on graphite. Together with van der Waals corrected density functional theory calculations we show that the diffusion of NH$_3$ follows a hopping motion on a weakly corrugated potential energy surface with an activation energy of about 4 meV which is particularly low for this type of diffusive motion. The hopping motion includes further a significant number of long jumps and the diffusion constant of ammonia adsorbed on graphite is determined with $D=3.9 \cdot 10^{-8}~\mbox{m}^2 /\mbox{s}$ at 94 K.

Published
2017
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22. Integrated characterization and risk management of marine sediments: The case study of the industrialized Bagnoli area (Naples, Italy)

Author

Morroni, Lorenzo, d’Errico, Giuseppe, Sacchi, Marco, Molisso, Flavia, Armiento, Giovanna, Chiavarini, Salvatore, Rimauro, Juri, Guida, Marco, Siciliano, Antonietta, Ceparano, Mariateresa, Aliberti, Francesco, Tosti, Elisabetta, Gallo, Alessandra, Libralato, Giovanni, Patti, Francesco Paolo, Gorbi, Stefania, Fattorini, Daniele, Nardi, Alessandro, Di Carlo, Marta, Mezzelani, Marica, Benedetti, Maura, Pellegrini, David, Musco, Luigi, Danovaro, Roberto, Dell’Anno, Antonio, and Regoli, Francesco

Published
2020
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33. The holocene marine record of unrest, volcanism, and hydrothermal activity of Campi Flegrei and Somma–Vesuvius

Author

Sacchi, Marco, primary, Passaro, Salvatore, additional, Molisso, Flavia, additional, Matano, Fabio, additional, Steinmann, Lena, additional, Spiess, Volkhard, additional, Pepe, Fabrizio, additional, Corradino, Marta, additional, Caccavale, Mauro, additional, Tamburrino, Stella, additional, Esposito, Giuseppe, additional, Vallefuoco, Mattia, additional, and Ventura, Guido, additional

Published
2020
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34. Contributors

Author

Belkin, Harvey E., primary, Bodnar, Robert J., additional, Caccavale, Mauro, additional, Cannatelli, Claudia, additional, Carroll, Michael R., additional, Corradino, Marta, additional, Costanzo, Maria Rosaria, additional, Natale, Giuseppe De, additional, De Vivo, Benedetto, additional, Di Lascio, Massimo, additional, Esposito, Rosario, additional, Esposito, Giuseppe, additional, Fedele, Alessandro, additional, Fowler, Sarah Jane, additional, Gidwitz, Tom, additional, Kilburn, Christopher R.J., additional, Lima, Annamaria, additional, Macchiavelli, Chiara, additional, Matano, Fabio, additional, Milia, Alfonsa, additional, Molisso, Flavia, additional, Moretti, Roberto, additional, Nunziata, Concettina, additional, Panza, Giuliano Francesco, additional, Passaro, Salvatore, additional, Peccerillo, Angelo, additional, Penza, Giulia, additional, Pepe, Fabrizio, additional, Pierantoni, Pietro Paolo, additional, Rolandi, Giuseppe, additional, Rolandi, Roberto, additional, Ruberti, Daniela, additional, Sacchi, Marco, additional, Schettino, Antonio, additional, Somma, Renato, additional, Spera, Frank J., additional, Spiess, Volkhard, additional, Stabile, Paola, additional, Steinmann, Lena, additional, Tamburrino, Stella, additional, Torrente, Maurizio M., additional, Troise, Claudia, additional, Turco, Eugenio, additional, Vallefuoco, Mattia, additional, Ventura, Guido, additional, and Vigliotti, Marco, additional

Published
2020
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36. Sexual Selection and Proteinaceous Diversity in the Femoral Gland Secretions of Lacertid Lizards

Author

Sacchi, Marco Mangiacotti, Simon Baeckens, Marco Fumagalli, José Martín, Stefano Scali, and Roberto

Subjects
chemical communication, sexual selection, sexual dimorphism, proteins, carbonic anhydrase, femoral glands, Lacertidae
Abstract

Sexual selection contributes to the diversity of chemical signals in various animal groups. Lizards are good model species to study how sexual selection shapes signal diversity, as they are a chemically oriented taxonomic group with different levels of social interactions. Many lizard species bear epidermal glands secreting a waxy mixture of lipids and proteins, which are used in intraspecific communication. Previous among-species comparative analyses failed to find a relationship between the strength of sexual selection with the composition of the lipid blend in lizards. Here, we extend the investigation to the proteinaceous fraction. By using a phylogenetically informed approach, we correlated the average electrophoretic profiles of the protein from the femoral glands of 36 lacertid lizard species with the level of sexual dimorphism in size and shape, which are proxies for the strength of sexual selection. We found that as sexual size dimorphism advances, five distinct molecular weight regions in the protein profile increased their expression. Using tandem mass spectrometry, we successfully identified one of these five proteins: a carbonic anhydrase—an enzyme catalyzing the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. Our findings suggest that proteins may be the target of sexual selection, as an active semiochemicals or as a dynamic support to other molecules: sexual selection may act indirectly on semiochemicals (namely lipids) by modifying the matrix (namely proteins).

Published
2023
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37. Traumatic brain injury: integrated approaches to improve prevention, clinical care, and research

Author

Adams, Hadie, Agnoletti, Vanni, Allanson, Judith, Amrein, Krisztina, Andaluz, Norberto, Anke, Audny, Antoni, Anna, van As, Arjan Bastiaan, Audibert, Gérard, Azaševac, Antun, Azouvi, Philippe, Azzolini, Maria Luisa, Baciu, Camelia, Badenes, Rafael, Barlow, Karen M, Bartels, Ronald, Bauerfeind, Ursula, Beauchamp, Miriam, Beer, Darcy, Beer, Ronny, Belda, Francisco Javier, Bellander, Bo-Michael, Bellier, Rémy, Benali, Habib, Benard, Thierry, Beqiri, Valzerda, Beretta, Luigi, Bernard, Francis, Bertolini, Guido, Bilotta, Federico, Blaabjerg, Morten, den Boogert, Hugo, Boutis, Kathy, Bouzat, Pierre, Brooks, Brian, Brorsson, Camilla, Bullinger, Monika, Burns, Emma, Calappi, Emiliana, Cameron, Peter, Carise, Elsa, Castaño-León, Ana M, Causin, Francesco, Chevallard, Giorgio, Chieregato, Arturo, Christie, Brian, Cnossen, Maryse, Coles, Jonathan, Collett, Johnny, Della Corte, Francesco, Craig, William, Csato, Gabor, Csomos, Akos, Curry, Nicola, Dahyot-Fizelier, Claire, Dawes, Helen, DeMatteo, Carol, Depreitere, Bart, Dewey, Deborah, van Dijck, Jeroen, Đilvesi, Đula, Dippel, Diederik, Dizdarevic, Kemal, Donoghue, Emma, Duek, Or, Dulière, Guy-Loup, Dzeko, Adelaida, Eapen, George, Emery, Carolyn A, English, Shane, Esser, Patrick, Ezer, Erzsébet, Fabricius, Martin, Feng, Junfeng, Fergusson, Dean, Figaji, Anthony, Fleming, Joanne, Foks, Kelly, Francony, Gilles, Freedman, Stephen, Freo, Ulderico, Frisvold, Shirin K, Gagnon, Isabelle, Galanaud, Damien, Gantner, Dashiell, Giraud, Benoit, Glocker, Ben, Golubovic, Jagoš, Gómez López, Pedro A, Gordon, Wayne A, Gradisek, Primoz, Gravel, Jocelyn, Griesdale, Donald, Grossi, Francesca, Haagsma, Juanita A, Håberg, Asta Kristine, Haitsma, Iain, Van Hecke, Wim, Helbok, Raimund, Helseth, Eirik, van Heugten, Caroline, Hoedemaekers, Cornelia, Höfer, Stefan, Horton, Lindsay, Hui, Jiyuan, Huijben, Jilske Antonia, Hutchinson, Peter J, Jacobs, Bram, van der Jagt, Mathieu, Jankowski, Stefan, Janssens, Koen, Jelaca, Bojan, Jones, Kelly M, Kamnitsas, Konstantinos, Kaps, Rafael, Karan, Mladen, Katila, Ari, Kaukonen, Kirsi-Maija, De Keyser, Véronique, Kivisaari, Riku, Kolias, Angelos G, Kolumbán, Bálint, Kolundžija, Ksenija, Kondziella, Daniel, Koskinen, Lars-Owe, Kovács, Noémi, Kramer, Andreas, Kutsogiannis, Demitri, Kyprianou, Theodoros, Lagares, Alfonso, Lamontagne, François, Latini, Roberto, Lauzier, François, Lazar, Isaac, Ledig, Christian, Lefering, Rolf, Legrand, Valerie, Levi, Leon, Lightfoot, Roger, Lozano, Angels, MacDonald, Stephen, Major, Sebastian, Manara, Alex, Manhes, Pauline, Maréchal, Hugues, Martino, Costanza, Masala, Alessandro, Masson, Serge, Mattern, Julia, McFadyen, Bradford, McMahon, Catherine, Meade, Maureen, Melegh, Béla, Menovsky, Tomas, Moore, Lynne, Morgado Correia, Marta, Morganti-Kossmann, Maria Cristina, Muehlan, Holger, Mukherjee, Pratik, Murray, Lynnette, van der Naalt, Joukje, Negru, Ancuta, Nelson, David, Nieboer, Daan, Noirhomme, Quentin, Nyirádi, József, Oddo, Mauro, Okonkwo, David O, Oldenbeuving, Annemarie W, Ortolano, Fabrizio, Osmond, Martin, Payen, Jean-François, Perlbarg, Vincent, Persona, Paolo, Pichon, Nicolas, Piippo-Karjalainen, Anna, Pili-Floury, Sébastien, Pirinen, Matti, Ple, Horia, Poca, Maria Antonia, Posti, Jussi, Van Praag, Dominique, Ptito, Alain, Radoi, Andreea, Ragauskas, Arminas, Raj, Rahul, Real, Ruben G L, Reed, Nick, Rhodes, Jonathan, Robertson, Claudia, Rocka, Saulius, Røe, Cecilie, Røise, Olav, Roks, Gerwin, Rosand, Jonathan, Rosenfeld, Jeffrey V, Rosenlund, Christina, Rosenthal, Guy, Rossi, Sandra, Rueckert, Daniel, de Ruiter, Godard C W, Sacchi, Marco, Sahakian, Barbara J, Sahuquillo, Juan, Sakowitz, Oliver, Salvato, Gerardo, Sánchez-Porras, Renán, Sándor, János, Sangha, Grinder, Schäfer, Nadine, Schmidt, Silke, Schneider, Kathryn J, Schnyer, David, Schöhl, Herbert, Schoonman, Guus G, Schou, Rico Frederik, Sir, Özcan, Skandsen, Toril, Smeets, Dirk, Sorinola, Abayomi, Stamatakis, Emmanuel, Stevanovic, Ana, Stevens, Robert D, Sundström, Nina, Taccone, Fabio Silvio, Takala, Riikka, Tanskanen, Päivi, Taylor, Mark Steven, Telgmann, Ralph, Temkin, Nancy, Teodorani, Guido, Thomas, Matt, Tolias, Christos M, Trapani, Tony, Turgeon, Alexis, Vajkoczy, Peter, Valadka, Alex B, Valeinis, Egils, Vallance, Shirley, Vámos, Zoltán, Vargiolu, Alessia, Vega, Emmanuel, Verheyden, Jan, Vik, Anne, Vilcinis, Rimantas, Vleggeert-Lankamp, Carmen, Vogt, Lidia, Volovici, Victor, Voormolen, Daphne C, Vulekovic, Peter, Vande Vyvere, Thijs, Van Waesberghe, Julia, Wessels, Lars, Wildschut, Eno, Williams, Guy, Winkler, Maren K L, Wolf, Stefan, Wood, Gordon, Xirouchaki, Nektaria, Younsi, Alexander, Zaaroor, Menashe, Zelinkova, Veronika, Zemek, Roger, Zumbo, Fabrizio, Maas, Andrew I R, Menon, David K, Adelson, P David, Andelic, Nada, Bell, Michael J, Belli, Antonio, Bragge, Peter, Brazinova, Alexandra, Büki, András, Chesnut, Randall M, Citerio, Giuseppe, Coburn, Mark, Cooper, D Jamie, Crowder, A Tamara, Czeiter, Endre, Czosnyka, Marek, Diaz-Arrastia, Ramon, Dreier, Jens P, Duhaime, Ann-Christine, Ercole, Ari, van Essen, Thomas A, Feigin, Valery L, Gao, Guoyi, Giacino, Joseph, Gonzalez-Lara, Laura E, Gruen, Russell L, Gupta, Deepak, Hartings, Jed A, Hill, Sean, Jiang, Ji-yao, Ketharanathan, Naomi, Kompanje, Erwin J O, Lanyon, Linda, Laureys, Steven, Lecky, Fiona, Levin, Harvey, Lingsma, Hester F, Maegele, Marc, Majdan, Marek, Manley, Geoffrey, Marsteller, Jill, Mascia, Luciana, McFadyen, Charles, Mondello, Stefania, Newcombe, Virginia, Palotie, Aarno, Parizel, Paul M, Peul, Wilco, Piercy, James, Polinder, Suzanne, Puybasset, Louis, Rasmussen, Todd E, Rossaint, Rolf, Smielewski, Peter, Söderberg, Jeannette, Stanworth, Simon J, Stein, Murray B, von Steinbüchel, Nicole, Stewart, William, Steyerberg, Ewout W, Stocchetti, Nino, Synnot, Anneliese, Te Ao, Braden, Tenovuo, Olli, Theadom, Alice, Tibboel, Dick, Videtta, Walter, Wang, Kevin K W, Williams, W Huw, Wilson, Lindsay, and Yaffe, Kristine

Published
2017
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39. Evolution of ordered nanoporous phases during h-BN growth: controlling the route from gas-phase precursor to 2D material by in situ monitoring

Author

Ruckhofer, Adrian, Sacchi, Marco, Payne, Anthony, Jardine, Andrew P, Ernst, Wolfgang E, Avidor, Nadav, Tamtögl, Anton, Ruckhofer, Adrian [0000-0003-4368-8207], Sacchi, Marco [0000-0003-2904-2506], Payne, Anthony [0000-0002-9907-7635], Ernst, Wolfgang E [0000-0001-8849-5658], Avidor, Nadav [0000-0002-3928-2493], Tamtögl, Anton [0000-0001-9590-6224], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
3403 Macromolecular and Materials Chemistry, 34 Chemical Sciences
Abstract

Large-area single-crystal monolayers of two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) can be grown by chemical vapour deposition (CVD). However, the high temperatures and fast timescales at which the conversion from a gas-phase precursor to the 2D material appears, make it extremely challenging to simultaneously follow the atomic arrangements. We utilise helium atom scattering to discover and control the growth of novel 2D h-BN nanoporous phases during the CVD process. We find that prior to the formation of h-BN from the gas-phase precursor, a metastable (3 × 3) structure is formed, and that excess deposition on the resulting 2D h-BN leads to the emergence of a (3 × 4) structure. We illustrate that these nanoporous structures are produced by partial dehydrogenation and polymerisation of the borazine precursor upon adsorption. These steps are largely unexplored during the synthesis of 2D materials and we unveil the rich phases during CVD growth. Our results provide significant foundations for 2D materials engineering in CVD, by adjusting or carefully controlling the growth conditions and thus exploiting these intermediate structures for the synthesis of covalent self-assembled 2D networks.

Published
2022
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44. The 1773 Cava de’ Tirreni Flash Flood (Southern Italy), an Opportunity to Further Enhance the Use of Documentary Sources as Hazard and Risk Assessment

Author

Esposito, Eliana, Porfido, Sabina, Violante, Crescenzo, Tranfaglia, Giuseppe, Molisso, Flavia, Mazzola, Salvo, Sacchi, Marco, Santoro, Gaetana, Spiga, Efisio, Lollino, Giorgio, editor, Manconi, Andrea, editor, Guzzetti, Fausto, editor, Culshaw, Martin, editor, Bobrowsky, Peter, editor, and Luino, Fabio, editor

Published
2015
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