Search

A nanocomposite of hydroxyapatite-supported Ag3PO4 (Ag3PO4/HA) was prepared by in-situ co-precipitation followed by hydrothermal method by utilizing cockle (Anadara granosa) shell as biogenic calcium source. The obtained nanocomposite was characterized by different instrumental analyses. X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses confirmed the formation of dispersed Ag3PO4 on HA structure with the particles size ranging at 10–40 nm. The material has band gap energy of 2.3 eV which support the activity as photocatalyst for rhodamine B degradation. The removal efficiency of 99.87% was expressed by the nanocomposite for 120 min of treatment, and reusability was demonstrated by insignificant change of the removal and kinetics constant for 5 cycles. The nanocomposite showed antibacterial activity against E. Coli, S. aureus, K. Pneumonia, and S. pyogenes.

In this study, nanocomposite of nickel nanoparticles-embedded biochar (Ni@BC) was prepared by one-pot pyrolysis method. The role of Ni content to the physicochemical character relevant to adsorption, catalytic oxidation and photocatalytic oxidation activities of the nanocomposite was investigated. The instrumental analyses using X-ray difraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence (SEM-EDX), transmission electron microscope (TEM), vibrating sample magnetometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and gas sorption analysis were employed to analyze the features of nanocomposite, meanwhile the photocatalytic oxidation of methyl orange (MO) was chosen to evaluate the photocatalytic performance of the nanocomposite. The instrumental analysis results suggest that single phase of dispersed-nickel nanoparticles onto biochar structure was obtained by Ni content of 5, 10, and 30 % wt. With a mean particle's size of 50 nm. From XRD analysis, it was obtained that the higher Ni content in the nanocomposite leads to create higher crystallite size, where the Ni content of 5, 10, and 30 %wt. Gave the size of 18.7, 27.8, and 29.5 nm, respectively. The samples exhibited magnetism with saturation magnetization (Ms) ranging at 3.87 emu g−1- 9.87 emu, which the higher Ni content result in higher magnetism. Similarly, higher Ni content corresponded to a higher specific surface area. Highly photoactivity and stability of Ni@BC was expressed by complete (100 %) methyl orange removal for 30 min, and recyclability until 5th use without appreciable physicochemical properties of the nanocomposite.

Voluntary carbon offset markets play an important role in climate change mitigation by deploying technologies in order of lowest abatement cost. The objective of this study is to identify the key drivers of changes in the volume of carbon credits issued in voluntary registry offset markets from 2006 to 2020 using a decomposition analysis framework. The results show that the volume of issued carbon credits related to forestry and land use increased from 2006 to 2015 due to priority increases and scale expansions in REDD+ projects. In addition, the reasons for the priority changes in carbon credits issued varied according to the scale of carbon offset programs in each region. The comparison of scale effect and carbon offset program priority is a useful tool for understanding changes in carbon credits issued according to project technology and region. The very rapid increase in forestry carbon credits issued does however pose important policy implications given it has been accompanied by widespread indications of poor governance and questionable outcomes in terms of CO2 reduction. In light of the IPCC's reliance on carbon credits the need for thoroughgoing policy reform is underlined.

Abstract Crop plants and undomesticated resilient species employ different strategies to regulate their energy resources and growth. Most crop species are sensitive to stress and prioritise rapid growth to maximise yield or biomass production. In contrast, resilient plants grow slowly, are small, and allocate their resources for survival in challenging environments. One small group of plants, termed resurrection plants, survive desiccation of their vegetative tissue and regain full metabolic activity upon watering. However, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying this extreme tolerance remain unknown. In this study, we employed a transcriptomics and metabolomics approach, to investigate the mechanisms of desiccation tolerance in Tripogon loliiformis, a modified desiccation-tolerant plant, that survives gradual but not rapid drying. We show that T. loliiformis can survive rapid desiccation if it is gradually dried to 60% relative water content (RWC). Furthermore, the gene expression data showed that T. loliiformis is genetically predisposed for desiccation in the hydrated state, as evidenced by the accumulation of MYB, NAC, bZIP, WRKY transcription factors along with the phytohormones, abscisic acid, salicylic acid, amino acids (e.g., proline) and TCA cycle sugars during initial drying. Through network analysis of co-expressed genes, we observed differential responses to desiccation between T. loliiformis shoots and roots. Dehydrating shoots displayed global transcriptional changes across broad functional categories, although no enrichment was observed during drying. In contrast, dehydrating roots showed distinct network changes with the most significant differences occurring at 40% RWC. The cumulative effects of the early stress responses may indicate the minimum requirements of desiccation tolerance and enable T. loliiformis to survive rapid drying. These findings potentially hold promise for identifying biotechnological solutions aimed at developing drought-tolerant crops without growth and yield penalties.