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This article describes the unique college and career preparation challenges faced by students experiencing homelessness (SEH), framed using a Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT) lens. The experience of homelessness presents barriers for secondary students, which can impact their college self-efficacy, outcome expectations of attending and succeeding in college, and goal setting towards college. In this conceptual paper, background on homelessness and research related to the college planning process of SEH is provided, as well as implications for school and career counselors, as well as other educators.

In Canada there are growing discussions concerning the role of publicly funded universities and the impact of academic research. The integration of neoliberal practices and market rationalities place pressure on universities to "go public" in order to demonstrate relevance and accountability. Researchers are encouraged or even required to engage the public through knowledge mobilization activities. Our study provides an empirical analysis of knowledge mobilization in order to understand its perceived impact on public criminology, and more broadly the production and dissemination of criminological research. We argue that the institutional shift toward knowledge mobilization is perceived as a tool of institutional governance to demonstrate organizational accountability that shapes the production and dissemination of criminological knowledge.

Students in K-12 schools benefit from career counseling as a means to improve their readiness for academic and career success. This quantitative study explored the career counseling self-efficacy of 143 practicing middle school counselors using the Career Counseling Self-Efficacy Scale-Modified and a subscale of the School Counselor Self-Efficacy Scale. Although school counselors were confident overall, evidence of specific areas of concern and limited time for career counseling was found. Results related to the importance of prior teaching experience in relation to career counseling self-efficacy also were highlighted. Implications for school counselors and policymakers include examining the amount of time school counselors spend on providing career counseling in comparison to time spent on non-counseling-related duties.

While providing counseling services, school counselors may experience compassion fatigue and need opportunities for support and supervision. To address the ethical imperative of self-care and provide space for school counselors to connect and renew, one district offered a retreat experience designed to renew school counselors who support K-12 students and their school communities. This practitioner research study investigated the design, delivery, and outcomes of the 1-day retreat. With all participants indicating that the retreat was very to extremely useful to them, worth their time, and applicable to their self-care, the findings suggest the value of retreats designed specifically for school counselors.

Malaria blood‐stage parasite is a critical pathogenic stage responsible for serious adverse outcomes in pregnant women and their neonates. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody responses specific to various asexual blood‐stage antigens were well reported in non‐pregnant individuals. However, little is still known during placental malaria. To assess the antibody responses specific to Plasmodium falciparum‐derived MSP3 and UB05 malaria vaccine candidates in mother‐neonate couples, mother's peripheral blood and neonate's cord blood samples were collected at delivery. After malaria diagnostic, plasma levels of IgG and IgG subclass responses specific to UB05, MSP3 and UB05‐MSP3 were determined using ELISA. As outcomes, both mothers and neonates had significantly higher IgG responses to UB05 and UB05‐MSP3 compared to anti‐MSP3 IgG (p < 0.05), irrespective of malaria status. Significant negative correlations were observed between IgG levels specific to the three antigens and parasitaemia (p < 0.01). Anti‐UB05 and anti‐UB05‐MSP3 IgG levels in neonates showed a significant positive correlation with the corresponding mothers' antibodies (rs = 0.25 with p = 0.04; rs = 0.31 with p = 0.01, respectively). UB05MSP3‐specific IgG3 and IgG1 subclass responses were significantly higher than the IgG4 subclass (p < 0.01). The neonates IgG1 and IgG3 levels positively correlated with the corresponding antibody subclasses of mothers. These findings suggest an association between UB05 and UB05‐MSP3‐specific antibody responses and malaria control during pregnancy. Maternal–foetal transfer of MSP3 and UB05‐specific IgG occurs during pregnancy, suggesting the interest in the future malaria vaccination strategies in pregnant women to generate early protective immunity in baby against malaria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the evolution of early literacy programming in libraries, highlighting the shift from rarity to acceptance of programs for babies and toddlers, driven by research on the connection between early experiences and brain development. Topics include the expansion of early literacy programming to include expectant parents, recognizing the impact of prenatal experiences on language development.

Scholars have long identified the culture of policing as resisting change and impeding reform (Campeau, 2019. Institutional myths and generational boundaries: cultural inertia in the police organisation. Policing and society, 29 (1), 69–84. doi:; Chan, 1996. Changing police culture. British journal of criminology, 36 (1), 109–134. doi:), and the advent of COVID-19 has been optimal for studying this culture. Early research on the pandemic identified some temporary cultural shifts within policing or at least the potential for these (e.g. Alcadipani, 2020. Pandemic and macho organizations: wake-up call or business as usual? Gender, work and organization, 27 (5), 734–746). Our research analyzes data from 18 qualitative interviews with Canadian police officers who identified as men about their experiences at work and home, approximately five months into the pandemic. Drawing on Campeau's (2015. "Police culture" at work: making sense of police oversight. British journal of criminology, 55, 669–687. doi:) theorising of police culture as a resource, we illustrate how officers drew on the macho police culture 'toolkit' differently depending on the social context. With colleagues, they normalised risks posed by the pandemic; when interacting with the public, they highlighted the risks around policing during the pandemic; and with family, officers both downplayed risks at work to reassure their children of their safety and highlighted pandemic-related risks at home with their families. Our research points to the importance of recognising that culture is not homogenous; rather it is taken up differently depending on the organisation, the social context, and the moment in time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Women are increasingly represented in policing; however, inclusion alone will not eradicate existing structural and cultural barriers to meaningful change. Insights from interviews with ninety-one Canadian women police of varied rank and tenure, demonstrate women's experiences of structured ambivalence as they strategically deploy and resist gendered policing narratives of the Brotherhood, Boys' Club, and Sisterhood to negotiate their own 'fit.' In this way, they both challenge and reinforce gendered boundaries that create barriers to meaningful transformation. These findings demonstrate the need for change initiatives to address the complex and ever-shifting role of gender in policing organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Police officers play a key role in determining the result of incidents that involve people in mental health crisis given their role as first responders and gatekeepers to services. In this paper, we ethnographically study one Canadian, mid-size municipal police service's integration of an electronic mental health screener (MHS). The screener was designed to assist officers in undertaking risk assessment, as well as facilitate collaborative action between police and emergency department staff by providing a tool that uses a shared medical language. Drawing on the theoretical concepts of 'boundary objects' and 'technological frames', we explore: (1) how the technology worked in practice and, what, if any, perceived impact it had on police decision-making; and, (2) how the technology was perceived to affect information sharing and collaboration among the criminal justice and health systems, and subsequently, the outcome of mental health calls for service. From our analysis, we argue that frontline officers and police administration hold differing, and at times, incongruent technological frames towards MHS. Specifically, we argue that frontline officers do not perceive the screener as providing a shared understanding that facilitates risk assessment, but instead perceive it to be a performance management tool used to track officer decision-making, enable the collection and sharing of health information within the criminal justice system, and demonstrate accountability to police service boards. Further, our analysis illuminates the power of experiential knowledge in resisting technological adoption and organisational reform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research Summary: During a brief interaction with motorists (i.e., a sobriety check), this study manipulated officer use (and declaration) of a body‐worn camera (BWC) (present; absent) while documenting participant BWC recollection (correct; incorrect) to assess effects on motorists' perceptions of the encounter and of police more generally. Results (N = 361) demonstrate that perceptions of procedural justice were more favourable in the BWC‐present condition when the entire sample was included in the analyses, but that this effect was not significant when focusing on the subset of the sample that correctly recollected BWC use (though the pattern of the effect was the same in both analyses). Policy Implications: In combination with results from a handful of similar studies, this study's results suggest that BWCs may be a tool that can be leveraged to enhance public perceptions of encounters with police; however, more research is needed to substantiate this claim. In particular, the development of evidence‐based policy on this matter necessitates continued studies that address issues such as sample imbalances (e.g., gender and minority status), length of the interaction studied (i.e., experimental dosage), and controlling for officer behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enhanced opportunities to use new techniques to derive insights from large volumes of data have potential to change the role of the law enforcement analyst. Alongside this growing potential is a push toward professionalisation for crime and intelligence analysis as an occupation. In this paper, we explore the extent to which existing descriptions of core competencies reflect skills identified as important by analysts and their managers. We draw on interviews with sixty-one analysts and supervisors from law enforcement agencies in Canada, the United States, and Australia. We confirm that existing descriptions of core competencies align with those identified by analysts and managers. We identify three considerations for present-day police organisations: the importance of data literacy and technical skills, the importance of self-motivation as a trait for analysts, and the core competencies of analyst supervisors. We complicate discussions about the importance of technological comprehension in light of software that automates components of analysis, illustrating how limits in data literacy translate to challenges for making effective use of new technologies. Next, we demonstrate how an ability to navigate interpersonal dynamics in police organisations is essential for analysts and analytic managers to be effective in their roles. We illustrate a reliance on individual-level motivation for competency-building over organisationally driven or standardised professionalisation. Finally, we contribute to limited scholarship addressing competencies for analyst supervisors and managers and discuss the implications of supervision for analyst skill development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the influx of women in policing, women continue to face barriers to their full inclusion. In this article, we put women's bodies at the center of our analysis by theorizing how pregnancy shapes the gendered interactions and experiences of women police at work. Through in-depth, qualitative interviews with 52 Canadian officers, we find that pregnancy frames women's bodies "out of order" for "police work" and positions women even further from the ideal police body, which is ostensibly male. In response, women engage in myriad strategies to reassert their value as officers, strategies that require women to do additional labor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are growing discussions regarding the need for collaborative responses for the provision of community safety, such that crime prevention efforts include the partnering of police with various community organisations and social services. In this article, we ethnographically examine one such development in Canada – community Situation Tables – to better understand the processes by which security networks are developed, implemented and governed. We argue that the managerial measures introduced to govern Situation Tables work as a technology of social control that redistributes responsibility for community safety and risk mitigation onto organisations and the clients they serve. Situation Tables, we argue, operate as if they are neutral entities. However, by looking at the mentalities, political and economic contexts of their development, implementation and governance identifies how they are influenced and shaped by traditional policing practices, which if not attended to carefully, can evade democratic accountability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Police officers who are mothers ('police mothers') lead lives that are very challenging, both at work and at home. The hegemonic masculinity in policing organizations pressures women to continually try to prove themselves in a 'boys' club' culture. Motherhood is seen as a liability, and women feel stigmatized upon announcing pregnancy, taking maternity leave, and returning to work. Their children are confused by unpredictable shift work, and it complicates child care arrangements. Police mothers are exposed to danger, trauma, and at times, a disgruntled public. At home, they face a 'double day', being responsible for the lion's share of domestic labour. Their investments in intensive mothering ideologies, coupled with the burdens of work and home, leave them feeling guilty about not being the 'perfect parent'. These situations influence 'danger-protection mothering practices' - police mothers take specific precautions, construct stories, and interrogate their children, to prevent them from becoming victims or offenders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores police mothers’ perceptions of their workplace experiences during pregnancy and maternity leave and returning to work. Using Charmaz’s (2014) constructivist grounded theory with a critical feminist lens, qualitative interviews were conducted with 16 police mothers in the province of Ontario, Canada. Our analysis reveals that policewomen work inordinately hard to prove physical and emotional strength in an attempt to be accepted into policing’s boys’ club; encounter negative workplace responses to pregnancy; are often demoted or reassigned during maternity leave; and need to re-prove themselves as officers upon returning to work. Our research aims to enhance retention and foster changes that will best support police mothers, police organizations, and the communities they serve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crime analysis is the systematic analysis of crime for identifying and predicting risks and efficiently directing police resources. Adopting a social construction of technology framework, we explore the work of crime analysts to understand how they police through flows of data and how their work informs policing practices on the ground. Specifically we look at: (1) the organisational and cultural integration of crime analysis in Canada, (2) the technological support of analytic practices, and (3) the incorporation of crime analysis for policing practices. From this analysis, we argue that organisational understandings of crime analysis combined with the analytic platforms utilised have forced crime analysts to work within traditional police performance initiatives that both respond to and reinforce reactive policing practice. Crime analysis and the practice of policing through flows of data have changed the symbolic nature of policing while reaffirming traditional ways of knowing and policing. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article offers the author's insights on several guides to promote leadership among professional librarians which were featured at the "Nexus LAB: Layers of Leadership Model" of the Educopia Institute and the Center for Creative Leadership. Topics include the development of a professional reputation, sharing of professional expertise, and learning new trends that could benefit the institution and librarians' expertise.

Harmful algal blooms in the Western Lake Erie Basin (WLEB) can be considered a wicked problem—there are conflicting interpretations of the problem and science, stakeholders have different values and goals, and there is no definitive solution. This paper provides an overview and lessons learned of how one set of diverse stakeholders worked together to initiate a voluntary 4R Nutrient Stewardship Certification Program to address the wicked problem in the WLEB. 4R Nutrient Stewardship (Right rate, Right time, Right place, and Right source) provides the foundation for a science-based framework that achieves sustainable plant nutrition management while considering the environment, society, and economics. The 4R Certification Program ensures a third-party auditor objectively evaluates the nutrient service providers' implementation of the 41 criteria of the program that encompass education, recordkeeping, nutrient recommendations, and applications. While the environmental impact of 4R Certification Program adoption is being evaluated currently, implementing the 4Rs has been identified as a key step to improving water quality. In two years, the 4R Certification Program has influenced nearly 40% of WLEB's farmland through the 30 4R certified providers. While any single organization could have created a nutrient management program, it would not have been as robust, as practical, or as accepted as the one created by the broad group of stakeholders involved with the WLEB 4R Advisory Committee. The rigor, structure, governance, and credibility of the 4R Certification Program make it a top candidate to act in other regions with wicked problems related to nutrient management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper argues for programmatic change within social constructionist approaches to social problems by attending to materiality in the theoretical conception of social context. To illustrate how this might be done, we place the interplay between social problems construction and technology (what we refer to as the mangle of social problems work) at its center by examining how the advent of "big data" is impacting the construction of social problems. Using the growing field of intelligence-led policing (ILP) as our illustrative example, we will examine four effects the large scale collection and analysis of data has on the way social problems claims are made. We begin by arguing that big data offers a new method by which putative problems are discovered and legitimized. We then explore how large data sets and algorithmic data analysis are increasingly used for predicting future problems. Following this, we illustrate how big data is used to construct and implement solutions to future problems. Lastly, we use the interplay between big data and those who use it to illustrate "the mangle of social problems work," where data is made meaningful and actionable through the interpretive and analytic processes of analysts and police officers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We conducted a narrative analysis of a collective narrative comprising inscriptions left on the locally famed "Apology Wall," written by thousands of community members in the immediate aftermath of the 2011 Vancouver Stanley Cup Riot. In considering the Apology Wall as an "evocative object," this study emphasized the significance of material objects as meaning-making devices. Interpretation of themes was conducted through a constructivist lens, specifically guided by literature concerning meaning-making following negative life events. Results bolstered the significance of the Wall as a sense-making device that provided a forum for the community to collectively share positive emotional expression, construct solidarity and collective identity, and express desires for restoration. By studying this collective narrative, the study not only illuminated how those affected constructed meaning after the Vancouver sports riot, but it also contributes to the literature on how communities, in general, make early sense of and respond to destructive events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emergency preparedness concerns over inadequate emergency interoperability among police, fire and emergency medical services (EMS) have led to the adoption of shared information technologies. Using a social worlds/arenas framework, I ethnographically study police, fire and EMS, as ‘users’ of technology, to understand how they interact with their technologies, and the ways in which their respective organizational contexts, cultures and practices shape technological functioning and collaborative action. From this analysis, I uncover social world contexts (ideologies) and individual actions (social legitimation and hierarchy of credibility) that alter technological functioning and create impediments to emergency interoperability. I further highlight an important ideological disconnect between the design and in-situ application of emergency technologies. I conclude by discussing the extent to which policies and technological innovations cannot, in and of themselves, address emergency preparedness concerns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses various reports within the issue on topics including narrative meanings in modern society, Russian Mennonite women, and breastfeeding.

Complex forms of nitrogen are of interest for their potential as high-energy materials, but many all-nitrogen systems lack the stability for practical high-energy applications. Inclusion of carbon atoms in an otherwise all-nitrogen structure can increase stability. Nitrogen cages are known for energetically preferring cylindrical structures with triangular endcaps, but carbon cages prefer the pentagon-hexagon structure of the fullerenes. Previous calculations on N22C2 have shown that carbon inclusion narrows the gap between triangular and fullerene-like structures. In the current study, three isomers of N24 are used as frameworks for carbon substitution. Theoretical calculations are carried out on isomers of N20C4, N18C6, and N16C8, with the goal of determining what level of carbon substitution causes the carbon fullerene-like structures to become energetically preferred. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While numerous surveillance and policing scholars argue that the rise of the surveillance society has normalized technological surveillance by police, the lack of empirical research makes it difficult to discern the true impact of risk management, security, and surveillance on police work. The present study uses in-depth interviews and participant observation with two Canadian police agencies to explore the impact that police technologies have on police-public interaction. From this analysis, we argue that the organizational shift toward risk-oriented, intelligence-led policing is not carried out on the ground. Instead, patrol officers often utilize technologies to legitimize the policing of the 'usual suspects.' [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses various reports within the issue on topics including the development of the qualitative tradition, the parent and child relationship and the behavior of the South Asian youths.

Much has been written about the commercialization of academic research and the role of technology transfer (TT) in mobilizing public sector science. Much of this literature maps a process of institutional isomorphism through which the norms of academy and industry are seen to grow increasingly aligned, facilitated, in part, by new organizations such as offices of technology transfer. Yet questions remain about how fulsome this process has been, with some scholars exploring concurrent processes that reinscribe boundaries and clarify important social distinctions between commercial and non-commercial ends. We report the result of a qualitative study of TT professionals in Canada to explore the complex nature of the 'renormalization' process. We argue that TT professionals solicit industry involvement but accommodate the demands of industry only in part; in turn, they solicit academic involvement by reframing the demands and priorities of commercialization along more academic lines. Ironically, by reframing the norms of commercialization, TT professionals effectively reinforce boundaries between the academy and industry and secure only a partial accommodation by academics to industrial norms. We conclude by raising questions about the meaning of traditional metrics of commercial success for innovation policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information technologies, such as the computer-aided dispatch (CAD) system, have fundamentally changed workplace protocols. This paper examines the impacts that the standardized processes associated with the CAD system have on the labour of 9-1-1/police call-takers. Through an analysis of the labour of 9-1-1/police call-takers and their processes for classifying emergency call(er)s, we are able to uncover the negotiated labour between human and machine. It is argued throughout the paper that the standardized processes of the CAD system do not remove the social from call-taking but instead emphasize the use of the social as a resource for classifying call(er)s. The present analysis illustrates how emergency classification is not a standardized process but instead an actively constructed virtual image performed in real space and time by call-takers. It is the call-takers' tacit knowledge and ability to work across the virtual, abstract and material worlds that makes them essential players in emergency response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research councils, agencies, and researchers recognize the benefits of team-based health research. However, researchers involved in large-scale team-based research projects face multiple challenges as they seek to identify epistemological and ontological common ground. Typically, these challenges occur between quantitative and qualitative researchers but can occur between qualitative researchers, particularly when the project involves multiple disciplinary perspectives. The authors use the convergent interviewing technique in their multidisciplinary research project to overcome these challenges. This technique assists them in developing common epistemological and ontological ground while enabling swift and detailed data collection and analysis. Although convergent interview big is a relatively new method described primarily in marketing research, it compares and contrasts well with grounded theory and other techniques. The authors argue that this process provides a rigorous method to structure and refine research projects and requires researchers to identify and be accountable for developing a common epistemological and ontological position. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]