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Difficulties in reasoning about others' mental states (i.e., mentalising/Theory of Mind) are highly prevalent among disorders featuring dopamine dysfunctions (e.g., Parkinson's disease) and significantly affect individuals' quality of life. However, due to multiple confounding factors inherent to existing patient studies, currently little is known about whether these sociocognitive symptoms originate from aberrant dopamine signalling or from psychosocial changes unrelated to dopamine. The present study, therefore, investigated the role of dopamine in modulating mentalising in a sample of healthy volunteers. We used a double-blind, placebo-controlled procedure to test the effect of the D2/D3 antagonist haloperidol on mental state attribution, using an adaptation of the Heider and Simmel (1944) animations task. On 2 separate days, once after receiving 2.5 mg haloperidol and once after receiving placebo, 33 healthy adult participants viewed and labelled short videos of 2 triangles depicting mental state (involving mentalistic interaction wherein 1 triangle intends to cause or act upon a particular mental state in the other, e.g., surprising) and non-mental state (involving reciprocal interaction without the intention to cause/act upon the other triangle's mental state, e.g., following) interactions. Using Bayesian mixed effects models, we observed that haloperidol decreased accuracy in labelling both mental and non-mental state animations. Our secondary analyses suggest that dopamine modulates inference from mental and non-mental state animations via independent mechanisms, pointing towards 2 putative pathways underlying the dopaminergic modulation of mental state attribution: action representation and a shared mechanism supporting mentalising and emotion recognition. We conclude that dopaminergic pathways impact Theory of Mind, at least indirectly. Our results have implications for the neurochemical basis of sociocognitive difficulties in patients with dopamine dysfunctions and generate new hypotheses about the specific dopamine-mediated mechanisms underlying social cognition. Difficulties in reasoning about others' mental states ("Theory of Mind") are highly prevalent among disorders featuring dopamine dysfunctions, but it is not clear if these difficulties are a direct consequence of aberrant dopamine signaling. This psychopharmacology study provides insights into the role of dopamine in Theory of Mind, showing that the D2-receptor antagonist haloperidiol reduces the accuracy with which healthy adults attribute mental states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent findings suggest that stigma and camouflaging contribute to mental health difficulties for autistic individuals, however, this evidence is largely based on UK samples. While studies have shown cross-cultural differences in levels of autism-related stigma, it is unclear whether camouflaging and mental health difficulties vary across cultures. Hence, the current study had two aims: (1) to determine whether significant relationships between autism acceptance, camouflaging, and mental health difficulties replicate in a cross-cultural sample of autistic adults, and (2) to compare these variables across cultures. To fulfil these aims, 306 autistic adults from eight countries (Australia, Belgium, Canada, Japan, New Zealand, South Africa, the United Kingdom, and the United States) completed a series of online questionnaires. We found that external acceptance and personal acceptance were associated with lower levels of depression but not camouflaging or stress. Higher camouflaging was associated with elevated levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. Significant differences were found across countries in external acceptance, personal acceptance, depression, anxiety, and stress, even after controlling for relevant covariates. Levels of camouflaging also differed across countries however this effect became non-significant after controlling for the covariates. These findings have significant implications, identifying priority regions for anti-stigma interventions, and highlighting countries where greater support for mental health difficulties is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Skin pathology presents a rising incidence worldwide. Squamous cell carcinoma linked to UV radiation exposure may present a favorable evolution if diagnosed early and appropriately approached. Aimes: The purpose of this paper is to highlight the role of Cemiplimab as a unique treatment in squamous cell carcinoma. Discussion: Recent studies demonstrate promising results of immunotherapy in squamous cell carcinoma, both as a treatment in advanced locoregional and metastatic disease Conclusion: Remission can be obtained after immunotherapy even in older patients and advanced disease stages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first study to do so confirmed an association between acceptance and mental health, finding that autism acceptance from external sources predicted depression and stress [[37]] and personal acceptance predicted depression. Comparing autism acceptance, camouflaging and mental health across cultures Finally, in order to compare participants' experiences of autism acceptance, camouflaging, and levels of depression, anxiety and stress across countries, we will use a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). 1.1. Description (optional) Autism spectrum disorder (hereafter "autism") is a neurodevelopmental condition that is characterised by difficulties in social communication and restricted and repetitive interests [[1]]. The minority stress model posits that high stress burdens can negatively impact the mental and physical health of marginalised groups [[33]]. Firstly, since autism acceptance differs across cultures [[67]-[69]], the level of mental health difficulties may also vary because a lack of autism acceptance or stigma is associated with poorer mental health [[32], [37]]. [Extracted from the article]